{"title":"Human Papillomavirus Integration and its Role in Cervical Malignant Progression","authors":"R. Raybould, A. Fiander, S. Hibbitts","doi":"10.2174/1874189401105010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189401105010001","url":null,"abstract":"High risk Human Papilloma Virus (HR-HPV) DNA integration into the human genome is one of the key stages in the progression of cervical neoplasia. This mini-review highlights the importance of HPV integration as a potential biomarker for cervical screening and briefly describes the main methods used to detect HPV integration: Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT), Restriction Site PCR (RS-PCR), Southern blot and Detection of Integrated Papillomavirus Sequences (DIPS). The potential mechanisms of HPV integration are discussed with a focus on DNA instability; site of integration; and transcriptional regulation of integrants. This article provides an overview of the role HPV integration plays in malignant progression.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86563971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psoas Abscess after Radical Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"D. Spiliopoulos, K. Galaal, K. Godfrey, R. Naik","doi":"10.2174/1874189401004010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189401004010015","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of a 38-year- old woman who presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and occasional fevers, five weeks after radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection for cervical carcinoma. After initial empirical antibiotic treatment failure, a decision was made to proceed with percutaneous drainage of a right psoas abscess. The antibiotic regimen was adjusted according to the culture results from the abscess. The patient's condition improved in the next 36 hours. The patient was discharged six days later on oral antibiotic treatment for four weeks. Psoas abscess is a rare condition in general obstetrics and gynecology and its incidence in gynecological oncology is very low. This is a potentially fatal condition with difficult diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate management of these cases should include suspicion and confirmation of the diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78484692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Nicolatou‐Galitis, T. Sarri, K. Dardoufas, V. Kouloulias, Xenophon Vakalis, A. Polychronopoulou, D. Demenagas, A. Sotiropoulou-Lontou
{"title":"Oral Mucositis, Pain and Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer who Received Chemoradiotherapy with or without Cetuximab","authors":"O. Nicolatou‐Galitis, T. Sarri, K. Dardoufas, V. Kouloulias, Xenophon Vakalis, A. Polychronopoulou, D. Demenagas, A. Sotiropoulou-Lontou","doi":"10.2174/1874189401004010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189401004010006","url":null,"abstract":"Goal of work: To compare the severity of oral mucositis, pain and xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients, who received radiotherapy with cisplatin and cetuximab to that of patients who received radiotherapy with cisplatin alone. Patients: Forty-nine head and neck cancer patients entered the study. Twenty-five patients (Group A) received radiotherapy and cisplatin. Twenty-four patients (Group B) received radiotherapy, cisplatin, and cetuximab. Methods: Oral mucositis was recorded weekly, according to EORTC/RTOG criteria. Pain and xerostomia were assessed using a 10cm visual analogue scale. Antifungal and antiviral treatment and prophylaxis were administered during RT to both groups. Results: During chemoradiotherapy, severe mucositis, pain and xerostomia were observed in 60%, 64% and 52% respectively in Group A, while the same symptoms were observed in 79%, 58% and 29% respectively in Group B. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. At the end of chemoradiotherapy, severe mucositis, pain and xerostomia were recorded in 24%, 32% and 32% in Group A and 37%, 21% and 17% respectively in Group B. The differences between the two groups were, again, statistically not significant. Neither significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to the use of antifungal and antiviral treatment, radiotherapy interruptions and weight loss. In both groups, oral mucositis, pain and xerostomia were significantly reduced at the end of radiotherapy as compared to those during RT, following the anti-infectious treatment and prophylaxis. Conclusion: Cetuximab, added to cisplatin/radiotherapy, did not increase the severity of oral mucositis, pain and xerostomia, in head and neck cancer patients, with limitations of the study design and its limited number of patients.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"20 77 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80753658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare Tumors: An Appeal for Justice","authors":"E. Bloustein","doi":"10.2174/1874189401004010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189401004010003","url":null,"abstract":"While cancers with 40,000 or fewer diagnoses a year are considered rare, they make up about 25% of cancer mortalities. Despite this, rare cancers remain largely ignored by investigators because of insufficient research funding. Their neglect has been justified in the belief that a focus on common tumors will yield benefits for all tumors, including rare tumors. This however has not happened. One solution proposed to address this problem is to mobilize those diagnosed with rare tumors to advocate for research in rare tumors. But is it fair to place a burden of self-advocacy on some cancer patients but not on others? A better solution, proposed here, invokes a theory of justice developed by John Rawls, and offers an alternative statement of the ethical basis for involving human subjects in research and suggestions for restructuring the cancer research enterprise itself.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"5 4 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78336843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox Status and Ascorbic Acid in Carcinoma of Head and Neck is Correlated to Clinical Response","authors":"Aashita Gupta, J. Verma, M. Bhatt, M. K. Misra","doi":"10.2174/1874189401004010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189401004010001","url":null,"abstract":"Human cell normally functions in a reduced state and a disturbance in the redox system precedes many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Radiation therapy exerts its own cytotoxic actions via production of free radicals in the body, which in turn, trigger many signaling pathways leading to apoptotic death of malignant cells but a systemic oxidative stress may intensify the condition of the disease. Ascorbic acid and thiols are the main plasma antioxidants which help fight these free radicals, and may correlate to the clinical response in head and neck cancer patients. The results of the present study indicate that thiols do not correlate but ascorbic acid correlates well to the clinical response.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84097022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Adachi, S. Brooks, M. R. Stein, B. E. Franklin, F. Caccavo
{"title":"Oncolytic Effects of the E Variant of Encephalomyocarditis Virus to Human Neuroblastoma in in Vitro and in Vivo","authors":"M. Adachi, S. Brooks, M. R. Stein, B. E. Franklin, F. Caccavo","doi":"10.2174/1874189400903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189400903010001","url":null,"abstract":"The oncolytic effects of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus on of human neuroblastoma (NB) were studied in vitro employing NB cell cultures and in vivo employing tumors grown in nude mice and nude rats. In short-term studies, human NB cell (HTB10) cultures were exposed to the virus 10 4 Tissue Culture Infectious Doses (TCIDs). The TCIDs were used to titer the maximum effect of EMC virus on L-929 cells. In vitro studies showed 100% Cytopathic Effect (CPE) at 48 hours. The CPE was used to observe pathologic effects of the cells. The in vivo studies showed necrosis and degeneration in the tumors grown in nude mice at 7 days following treatment with the virus. The nude mice exhibited a high mortality rate after exposure to the virus. The long-term studies were performed on tumors grown in nude rats, since they were more tolerant to the viral treatment. On the 58th day after the viral treatment of tumor bearing rats, 8 out of the 12 tumors had disappeared, and the remaining 4 tumors were grossly necrotic. The average size of the infected tumors was 2.13 cm 2 as compared with 30.5 cm 2 in the control. Microscopically the treated tumors showed severe necrosis and microcystic degeneration. The observed gross decrease in treated tumor size together with the presented light and electron microscopic studies, support the potential value of viral treatment of neuroblastoma.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80407149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lan Guo, Jame Abraham, Daniel C Flynn, Vincent Castranova, Xianglin Shi, Yong Qian
{"title":"Individualized Survival and Treatment Response Predictions in Breast Cancer Patients: Involvements of Phospho-EGFR and Phospho-Her2/neu Proteins.","authors":"Lan Guo, Jame Abraham, Daniel C Flynn, Vincent Castranova, Xianglin Shi, Yong Qian","doi":"10.2174/1874189400802010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189400802010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our robust prediction system for individual breast cancer patients combines three well-known machine-learning classifiers to provide stable and accurate clinical outcome prediction (<i>N</i>=269). The average performance of the selected classifiers is used as the evaluation criterion in breast cancer outcome predictions. A profile (incorporating histology, lymph node status, tumor grade, tumor stage, ER, PR, Her2/neu, patient's age and smoking status) generated over 95% accuracy in individualized disease-free survival and treatment response predictions. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that the measurement of phospho-EGFR and phospho-Her2/neu is more powerful in breast cancer survival prediction than that of total EGFR and total Her2/neu (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The incorporation of hormone receptor status, Her2/neu, patient's age and smoking status into the traditional pathologic markers creates a powerful standard to perform individualized survival and treatment outcome predictions for breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"18-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282131/pdf/nihms650818.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32950166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bates, A. Antoniou, R. Marshall, M. Harrison, E. Bassett
{"title":"The Changing Management of Esophageal Carcinoma: Survival in a Population Cohort 1985-1994","authors":"T. Bates, A. Antoniou, R. Marshall, M. Harrison, E. Bassett","doi":"10.2174/1874189400802010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189400802010044","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of esophageal carcinoma is changing but before the introduction of chemotherapy and multidisciplinary teams, surgery became more selective. The aim of this study was to confirm this trend and to examine survival in a total population cohort 1985-94. Results: Only a quarter of 413 patients had surgery but from 1989 even fewer were operated on but there were more long- term survivors: 1/51 v. 7/58 (p<0.05). Operative mortality fell from 12% to 6.9 % in the later period (N.S.) and survival post surgery was marginally improved, 15 v. 11 months p = 0.0502. The five year survival rate doubled from 7.8% to 17.2%. Conclusion: Few studies of esophageal cancer include all cases in a defined population. This carries a very poor prognosis but the present cohort shows a slight improvement with more selective surgery and this may serve as a benchmark against which modern multidisciplinary management might be compared.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73021190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aamodt, J. Bondi, S. Andersen, G. Bukholm, I. Bukholm
{"title":"Expression of Nuclear β-Catenin in Rectal Versus Colonic Cancers","authors":"R. Aamodt, J. Bondi, S. Andersen, G. Bukholm, I. Bukholm","doi":"10.2174/1874189400802010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189400802010013","url":null,"abstract":"Rectal cancers have more local relapses than colonic cancers. Since nuclear -catenin plays an important role for the proliferation capacity of cells, we wanted to evaluate whether there may be differences in the expression pattern of nuclear -catenin between rectal and colonic adenocarcinomas, explaining the observations made in clinical practice. Sections from 235 rectal adenocarcinomas treated surgically in the years 1992 – 2000 were immunohistochemically stained for -catenin. Nuclear immunopositivity was recorded. The results were compared to the results of a similar examination performed earlier on 162 colonic cancers. We found a higher protein expression of nuclear -catenin in rectal cancers than in colonic cancers. No statistically significant correlation was observed between nuclear expression of -catenin in rectal cancers and cancer specific survival. Our findings indicate that rectal cancers and colonic cancers are biologically different. The results might partly explain the clinical difference observed between rectal cancers and colonic cancers.","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81145606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppina D'Andrilli, Antonio Giordano, Alessandro Bovicelli
{"title":"Epithelial ovarian cancer: the role of cell cycle genes in the different histotypes.","authors":"Giuseppina D'Andrilli, Antonio Giordano, Alessandro Bovicelli","doi":"10.2174/1874189400802010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874189400802010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is frequently considered to be a disease of the cell cycle; alterations in different families of cell cycle regulators cooperate in tumor development. Molecular analysis of human tumors has shown that cell cycle regulators are frequently mutated in human neoplasms, which underscores how important the maintenance of cell cycle commitment is in the prevention of human cancer. The regulatory pathways controlling cell cycle phases include several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes which display a range of abnormalities with potential usefulness as markers of evolution or treatment response in epithelial ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge about these aberrations in malignant tumors of the ovary. We sought to focus our attention on the genes involved in the development of tumors arising from the ovarian epithelium, which are the most common types of ovarian malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":87833,"journal":{"name":"The open clinical cancer journal","volume":"2 ","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2490600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27565187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}