{"title":"Ellagic Acid Combined with Tacrolimus Showed Synergistic Cell Growth Inhibition in Fission Yeast.","authors":"Kanako Hagihara, Kousuke Hosonaka, Shuhei Hoshino, Kazuki Iwata, Naoki Ogawa, Ryosuke Satoh, Teruaki Takasaki, Takuya Maeda, Reiko Sugiura","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcineurin (CN) is a conserved Ca<sup>2+</sup>-calmodulin activated protein phosphatase, which plays important roles in immune regulation, cardiac hypertrophy, and apoptosis in humans. In pathogenic fungi, CN is essential for stress survival, sexual development, and virulence. The immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506) is a specific inhibitor of CN in humans and fungi including nonpathogenic fission yeast. Although calcineurin inhibition by FK506 or CN deletion in fission yeast does not induce growth defects, treatment with some anti-fungal drugs such as micafungin and valproic acid, induced synthetic lethality with calcineurin inhibition. Here, we searched for the compounds that induce synthetic growth defects with CN inhibition in fission yeast. We found that ellagic acid (EA) preferentially induced growth inhibition in CN deletion cells. Consistently, co-treatment with EA and FK506 induced severe growth inhibition in the wild-type cells, whereas neither of the single treatment with each compound did so. Moreover, deletion of the calcineurin-regulated transcription factor Prz1 also induced a marked EA sensitivity. Intriguingly, EA also enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of other anti-fungal drugs, including micafungin and miconazole. Thus, our data suggesting the synergistic growth inhibitory effect of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and EA may be useful to understand the mechanism to overcome the antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40312326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y U Harada, Hitomi Amo, Takuto Ono, Hiroki Murai, Tadahiro Sasaki, Tatsuo Shioda, Masahito Ikawa, Yoshihiko Hirata
{"title":"Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Commercially Available Disinfectants and Cleaners.","authors":"Y U Harada, Hitomi Amo, Takuto Ono, Hiroki Murai, Tadahiro Sasaki, Tatsuo Shioda, Masahito Ikawa, Yoshihiko Hirata","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major burden for health care systems worldwide, and is a threat to our daily lives. Various effective ingredients against SARS-CoV-2 were already reported, however, since products contain various ingredients, it is also important to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available disinfectants per se. In this study, the virucidal efficacy of forty-eight commercially available products were evaluated according to the standardized suspension method EN 14476 and the following results were obtained: Alcohol-based disinfectants, hand soaps, wet wipes, alkaline cleaners, quaternary ammonium compound sanitizers and oxygen bleach had great virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are among the most susceptible of pathogens to formulated microbicidal actives and detergents, but as the results of this study showed, it is also necessary to pay attention to the concentration at the time of use and the required contact time.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 4","pages":"223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment Combined with Alkaline Electrolyzed Water on the Injury and Growth Characteristics of Bacterial Spores.","authors":"Daisuke Hamanaka, Koki Morita","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characteristics of growth and injury of Bacillus subtilis spores whose heat resistance was reduced by the treatment of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) combined with/without alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) were investigated. The delay in the lag phase of growth curve observed when used in combination with AlEW, especially at 50 MPa or less, and was prolonged by about 4 to 6 hours. However, the effects of temperature and time during treatment on the lag phase were not significantly different between solo-HPP and in combination with AlEW. The injury characteristics of the treated bacterial spores were evaluated by using antibiotics (penicillin G, rifampicin and chloramphenicol) supplemented trypticase soy broth. In the chloramphenicol supplemented TSB, although the lag phase of bacterial spores treated by HPP with AlEW was not prolonged as compared with the normal-TSB, the decrease in growth rate during logarithmic phase and increase in maximum growth amount were observed. This result could suggest due to a damage by combined treatment of HPP with AlEW such as the inhibition of protein synthesis. Furthermore, the combined treatment with AlEW increased the catalase activity by 1.45, 1.63 and 4.25 times at 30, 80 and 100 MPa, respectively, as compared with solo-HPP, therefore the combined treatment could cause high oxidative stress on bacterial spores.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 3","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Polymyxin B and Human LL-37 on the Flagellin Expression in Vibrio vulnificus.","authors":"Shin-Ichi Miyoshi, Mika Kumagai, Ryousuke Tanida, Kohei Soda, Yuri Yoshimoto, Tamaki Mizuno","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for primary septicemia, initiates pathogenesis by attachment to the intestinal epithelial cells for which the motility by the polar flagellum plays an essential role. The proteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins showed that the treatment with the 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of polymyxin B (a bacterial antimicrobial peptide) led to the reduced production of flagellin (a major component of the polar flagellum). Furthermore, the bacterial motility was inhibited in the presence of 1/2 MIC of polymyxin B. V. vulnificus has six flagellin genes organized into the flaFBA and flaCDE loci. The flaA was found to be expressed higher than flaC, and its expression was significantly decreased by polymyxin B. As well as polymyxin B, the 1/2 MIC of LL-37 (a human intestinal antimicrobial peptide) reduced the expression of flaA. In addition, among four fragments of LL-37, KI-18 and FK-13 containing F<sup>17</sup>KRIVQRIKDELR<sup>29</sup> could lead to the decreased expression of flaA. Because the motility closely relates to virulence of V. vulnificus, the findings obtained herein indicate that LL-37 may reduce the bacterial virulence through inhibition of the motility via the polar flagellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 2","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40400203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ShellCoat, a Calcinated Calcium Solution, Effectively Inactivates SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Noritoshi Hatanaka, Bingting Xu, Yasuharu Yamashita, Hiroo Kawakami, Mayo Yasugi, Shinji Yamasaki","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2, an acute respiratory syndrome-causing virus, suddenly emerged at the end of 2019 in China, and rapidly spread all over the world. In this study, we examined whether a calcinated calcium solution (ShellCoat) , which has been approved as a food additive in Japan can inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, antiviral activity of ShellCoat against SARS-CoV-2 was also evaluated in the presence of organic matter, namely, fetal bovine serum (FBS) . When concentrated SARS-CoV-2 were treated with ShellCoat for 10 sec in presence or absence of FBS as organic matters, the viral titer was decreased more than 4 logs 50% tissue culture infective dose per mL (TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL) but use of ShellCoat for 20 sec or more under similar experimental conditions the viral titer was below the detection limit (≦2.1 logs TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL) . These results clearly indicate that the ShellCoat is a powerful antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 even in the presence of organic matters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40312329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Storage Conditions and Mold Types on Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> Concentration in Corn Residue used as Dairy Feed in Small Holder Dairy Farms, Thailand.","authors":"Veena Chupia, Suwimol Tangtrongsup, Arpussara Saedan, Jaturaporn Ounnunkad, Surachai Pikulkaew, Witaya Suriyasathaporn, Wasana Chaisri","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were to determine the impact of storage practice and mold types on mold growth and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) concentration in corn residue from local seed corn plants, the main roughage source of dairy farms in the northern region in Thailand. A total of 223 samples from 2 types of corn residue - dried and wet - were collected. Mold contamination was determined by spread plate technique, and aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>) quantification was performed by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate linear models were created to determine factors associated with fungal quantity and AFB<sub>1</sub> concentration. Results showed that the presence of Cladosporium spp. in the samples was associated with a lower risk of AFB1 contamination (P<0.05). In addition, appropriate storage practices, e.g. keeping feeds under a roof and using floor canvas under feed piles, gave lower risk of mold contamination and decreasing AFB<sub>1</sub> contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 2","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Bactericidal Effects of H<sub>2</sub>- and O<sub>3</sub>-filled Ultrafine Bubbles Water.","authors":"Risako Morishita, Satoshi Itoh, Mariko Takeda-Morishita","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) are gaining attention in diverse industries as a new type of material with specific physical properties. Bactericidal activity has been reported as one of the unique properties of UFB water; however, the bactericidal activities of UFBs related to the gas type remain unclear. In particular, the bactericidal effect of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) -filled UFB water has not been verified. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effects of H<sub>2</sub>- or ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) -filled UFB water using a bacterial suspension test. The results of this study clearly showed that H<sub>2</sub>- or O<sub>3</sub>-filled UFB water had strong bactericidal activity. Exposure of Escherichia coli for 6 h and Staphylococcus aureus for 3 h reduced the survival rate of those bacteria by >90%. This finding suggests that both O<sub>3</sub> gas- and H<sub>2</sub>-filled UFBs are novel environmentally friendly disinfectants that can be employed to avoid the use of chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 3","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Rafiee, Mohammad Reza Fazeli, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Zahra Noormohammadi
{"title":"Isolation, Screening and Identification of Native and New Bacillus subtilis with Strong Antifungal Compound against Fusarium oxysporum.","authors":"Fatemeh Rafiee, Mohammad Reza Fazeli, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Zahra Noormohammadi","doi":"10.4265/bio.27.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.27.201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Fusarium causes a wide range of infections in human, animals and herbs. The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify the native strains of Bacillus subtilis playing an inhibitory role against Fusarium oxysporum by producing surfactin. B. subtilis was isolated from the soil of various parks in Tehran-Iran, and identified by biochemical tests. Growth inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of B. subtilis were determined. After purification of surfactin, quantitative and qualitative analysis of surfactin conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . Finally, two selected native strains with the highest production rate of surfactin identified using PCR for 16S rRNA and phylogenetic tree was drawn. Sixty strains of B. subtilis were isolated from soil, after identification through phenotypical and biochemical tests, the antagonistic activity of 27 different strains against F. oxysporum by Agar well diffusion assay determined and the highest inhibition zone was 13.66 mm. Six strains showing the best inhibitory effect, were isolated and their metabolite were purified by methanol. MIC and MFC values of different strains were in the range of 0.5-1.6 and 1.6-2.6 mg/mL. Using HPLC, the purified surfactin content in B. subtilis was about 56.7 - 131.9 μg/mL. Based on the curves of the chromatogram, the preferred strains with the highest production of surfactin, by molecular identification, displayed high similarity to B. subtilis. We got a maximum amount of yellow and transparent surfactin from native strains. Furthermore, the selected bacteria can be good candidates for biological control of fungal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"27 4","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toshihito Nomura, Tanuza Nazmul, R. Yoshimoto, A. Higashiura, K. Oda, T. Sakaguchi
{"title":"Ethanol Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enveloped Viruses.","authors":"Toshihito Nomura, Tanuza Nazmul, R. Yoshimoto, A. Higashiura, K. Oda, T. Sakaguchi","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-379468/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-379468/V1","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, its effective concentration has not been shown, and we therefore analyzed the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 was treated with varying ethanol concentrations and examined for changes in infectivity, the ethanol concentration at which 99% of the infectious titers were reduced was 24.1% (w/w) [29.3% (v/v)]. For reference, ethanol susceptibility was also examined with other envelope viruses, including influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, and Newcastle disease virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, and the 99% inhibitory concentrations were found to be 28.8%(w/w) [34.8% (v/v)], 24.0% (w/w) [29.2% (v/v)], and 13.3% (w/w) [16.4% (v/v)], respectively. Some differences from SARS-CoV-2 were observed, but the differences were not significant. It was concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 30%(w/w) [36.2% (v/v)] almost completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"26 3 1","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44233096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects on Dental Impression Materials and Biofilm Removal by Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate.","authors":"Hiroko Hiramine, Kiyoko Watanabe, Keitaro Inaba, Haruka Sasaki, Nobushiro Hamada","doi":"10.4265/bio.26.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.26.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental materials are inevitably contaminated with oral microorganisms. To prevent transmission of infectious diseases, impressions need to be disinfected. In the present study, we examined the disinfection effects on impression materials and biofilm removal by sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SDIC). Exponentially growing Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and dental plaque bacteria were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and exposed for 1, 5 and 10 min to 1 mL of the 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1,000 ppm, and 10,000 ppm SDIC solutions. The bactericidal effect was evaluated by colony forming units of each microorganisms. Moreover, the effect of SDIC solution on S. mutans biofilm was examined. Bactericidal effects of SDIC solutions on oral bacteria on dental impression surfaces were assessed and the surface quality of dental casts after immersion in SDIC solution for 30 min was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The number of all bacterial strains, including plaque bacteria, were significantly decreased by SDIC solution treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Significant S. mutans biofilm removing activity of SDIC was observed in 1,000 and 10,000 ppm solution. The number of oral bacteria adhering to the surfaces of impressions markedly decreased following 10-min immersion in the 1,000 ppm SDIC solution. The 30-min immersion of dental impression in the 1,000 ppm SDIC solution did not adversely affect the surface roughness of dental casts. The results indicate that SDIC Solution is useful to deactivate oral bacteria on dental impression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8777,"journal":{"name":"Biocontrol science","volume":"26 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25475366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}