Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access最新文献_第2页

Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Brain: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. 脑缺血再灌注损伤:机制和潜在的治疗策略。

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-06-20 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000213

Lin L, Wang X, Yu Z

{"title":"Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Brain: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Lin L, Wang X, Yu Z","doi":"10.4172/2167-0501.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0501.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common feature of ischemic stroke, which occurs when blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia. Reperfusion can be achieved either by thrombolysis using thrombolytic reagents such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), or through mechanical removal of thrombi. Spontaneous reperfusion also occurs after ischemic stroke. However, despite the beneficial effect of restored oxygen supply by reperfusion, it also causes deleterious effect compared with permanent ischemia. With the recent advancement in endovascular therapy including thrombectomy and thrombus disruption, reperfusion-injury has become an increasingly critical challenge in stroke treatment. It is therefore of extreme importance to understand the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain in order to develop effective therapeutics. Accumulating experimental evidence have suggested that the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury include oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, platelet adhesion and aggregation, complement activation, mitochondrial mediated mechanisms, and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, which altogether ultimately lead to edema or hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in the brain. Potential therapeutic strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury may be developed targeting these mechanisms. In this review, we briefly discuss the pathophysiology and cellular and molecular mechanisms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and potential therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8764,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2167-0501.1000213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36210319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 171

Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Gold (I) and (III) Ions and Gold Nanoparticles 金(I)和(III)离子及金纳米颗粒的抗菌活性和细胞毒性

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000199

TP Shareena Dasari, Y. Zhang, H. Yu

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Gold (I) and (III) Ions and Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"TP Shareena Dasari, Y. Zhang, H. Yu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0501.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0501.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold ion complexes have been investigated for their antibacterial activities. However, the majority of the reports failed to disclose the concentration of free Au(I) or Au(III) present in solutions of AuNPs or gold ion complexes. The inconsistency of antibacterial activity of AuNPs may be due to the effect of the presence of Au(III). Here we report the antibacterial activity of Au(I) and Au(III) to four different bacteria: one nonpathogenic bacterium: E. coli and three multidrug-resistant bacteria: E. coli, S. typhimurium DT104, and S. aureus. Au(I) and Au(III) as chloride are highly toxic to all the four bacteria, with IC50 of 0.35 – 0.49 µM for Au(III) and 0.27–0.52 µM for Au(I).The bacterial growth inhibition by both Au(I) and Au(III) increases with exposure time and is strongly affected by the use of buffers. The IC50 values for Au(I) and Au(III) in different buffers are HEPES (0.48 and 1.55 µM) > Trizma (0.41 and 0.57 µM) > PBS (0.14 and 0.06 µM). Bacterial growth inhibition by AuNPs is gradually reduced by centrifugation-resuspension to remove residual Au(III) ion present in the crude synthetic AuNPs. After 4 centrifugations-resuspensions, AuNPs become non-toxic. In addition, both Au(I) and Au(III) are cytotoxic to skin keratinocyte and blood lymphocyte cells. These results suggest that Au(I) and Au(III) in pure or complex forms may be explored as a method to treat drug-resistant bacteria, and the test of AuNPs toxicity must consider residual Au(III), exposure time, and the use of buffers.","PeriodicalId":8764,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75878035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

Diabetic Myopathy and Mechanisms of Disease 糖尿病肌病及其发病机制

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000e179

Erick O. Hernández-Ochoa, Camilo Vanegas

引用次数: 21

Progress in Making Ras as a Druggable Target. 将 Ras 作为药物靶点的进展。

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2014-04-01 Epub Date: 2014-03-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000e157

Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya

引用次数: 0

Cancer-promoting and Inhibiting Effects of Dietary Compounds: Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). 膳食化合物的促癌和抑癌作用:芳烃受体(AhR)的作用。

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2014-03-08 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000131

Joann B Powell, Maryam Ghotbaddini

引用次数: 23

New Insights on Glucosylceramide Synthase in Cancer Drug Resistance and Myelosuppression. 糖基神经酰胺合成酶在肿瘤耐药和骨髓抑制中的新发现。

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2013-09-24 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000120

Vineet Gupta, Yong-Yu Liu

引用次数: 4

Application of Positron Emission Tomography in Drug Development. 正电子发射断层成像技术在药物开发中的应用。

Biochemistry & Pharmacology: Open Access Pub Date : 2012-08-08 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000e128

Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya

引用次数: 12