Behavioural Processes最新文献

{"title":"Prospective control by reinforcers in human choice: Misallocation and bias, but not time orientation, influences reinforcer control","authors":"Stephanie Gomes-Ng ,&nbsp;Kaung Thant Maung ,&nbsp;Sarah Cowie","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research with nonhuman animals and children suggests reinforcer control is <em>prospective</em>; that is, behaviour is organised according to the likely future, as extrapolated from past experience. The present experiment extended this work to adult choice, and also explored the effects of individual differences in past, present, and future time-orientation on reinforcer control. Participants (<em>N</em> = 163) responded in a concurrent schedule in which the probability of a reinforcer at the same location as the previous reinforcer varied across conditions. Choice tracked these probabilities, albeit imperfectly, indicating that reinforcers controlled behaviour prospectively. Deviations in choice from reinforcer probabilities were well-captured by a quantitative model assuming that such deviations arise because reinforcers are <em>misallocated</em> to the wrong alternative and because of <em>biases</em> towards one alternative. This replicates previous findings in pigeons and children, hence demonstrating the cross-species generality and developmental continuity of prospective reinforcer control. Individual differences in time orientation appeared not to influence reinforcer control, although further work is needed to explore the conditions under which time orientation modulates prospective reinforcer control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of housing density on anxiety-like behavior of zebrafish in the plus maze with ramp","authors":"Rodrigo Pessoa ,&nbsp;Carla Motta ,&nbsp;Elen Araujo-Pessoa ,&nbsp;Amauri Gouveia","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population density in experimental animals is a crucial factor in maintaining the wellbeing of the organisms. Inadequate housing conditions can compromise the validity and reliability of research results, making comparisons between studies difficult. In sociable species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are housed in groups, overcrowding or undercrowding represents a variable that needs to be considered. In this study, we evaluated the effects of housing at different densities for different exposure times on the anxiety response measured in the Plus Maze with Ramp test in zebrafish. The subjects (144) were divided into three large groups according to the housing time (1, 7, and 30 days). Each group was divided into six subgroups based on the density of the fish (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 fish/liter, n = 8) and housed in a 4-liter aquarium. After the housing conditions, each animal was tested individually in the PMR. Time and housing density altered the exploratory behavior of zebrafish. Increased housing time reduced the time spent in the ramp arms, with groups kept for 30 days spending less time in this compartment. Density increased the time spent in the flat arms in groups with 2 and 6 fish/liter and, conversely, reduced the exploration of the ramp arms. Isolation, on the other hand, increased the exploration of the ramp arms, indicating an anxiolytic effect. In this study, we demonstrate that housing conditions can act as low-intensity chronic stressors that alter anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish when tested in the PMR protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of tracking and behavioral patterns between wild-type and genetically modified fruit flies using computer vision and statistical methods","authors":"Fei Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Xiang Liu ,&nbsp;Hai Feng Su ,&nbsp;Shuo Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collective animal behavior occurs in groups and swarms at almost every biological scale, from single-celled organisms to the largest animals on Earth. The intriguing mysteries behind these group behaviors have attracted many scholars, and while it is known that models can reproduce qualitative features of such complex behaviors, this requires data from real animals to demonstrate, and obtaining data on the exact features of these groups is tricky. In this paper, we propose the Hidden Markov Unscented Tracker (HMUT), which combines the state prediction capability of HMM and the high-precision nonlinear processing capability of UKF. This prediction-driven tracking mechanism enables HMUT to quickly adjust tracking strategies when facing sudden changes in target motion direction or rapid changes in speed, reducing the risk of tracking loss. Videos of fruit fly swarm movement in an enclosed environment are captured using stereo cameras. For the captured fruit fly images, the thresholded AKAZE algorithm is first used to detect the positions of individual fruit flies in the images, and the motion of the fruit flies is modeled using a multidimensional hidden Markov model (HMM). Tracking is then performed using the Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm to obtain the flight trajectories of the fruit flies in two camera views. Finally, 3D reconstruction of the trajectories in both views is achieved through polar coordinate constraints, resulting in 3D motion data of the fruit flies. Additionally, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by simulating fruit fly swarm movement using the Boids algorithm. Finally, based on the tracked fruit fly flight data, behavioral characteristics of the fruit flies are analyzed from two perspectives. The first is a statistical analysis of the differences between the two behaviors. The second dimension involves clustering trajectory similarity using the DTW method based on fruit fly flight trajectories, further analyzing the similarity within clusters and differences between clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abbreviated fixed-interval interventions promote self-control in rats","authors":"Kelsey Panfil ,&nbsp;Travis R. Smith ,&nbsp;Lexe West ,&nbsp;Cathryn Haas ,&nbsp;Kimberly Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impulsive choice, defined as choices of a smaller-sooner reward over a larger-later reward, can be reduced by time-based interventions that expose rats to delayed rewards. These interventions improve temporal processing concurrent with reducing impulsive choice. Exposure to delayed reinforcement has produced improvements in self-control after 30 sessions of intervention exposure (Renda et al., 2021). Experiment 1 of the present study used a pre-/post-test design to investigate a range of intervention exposures (6, 15, 30, and 45 sessions), including shorter exposures that have not previously been examined. Peak-interval timing was also assessed to determine whether different intervention exposures would improve temporal processing. All intervention exposures, including the abbreviated intervention, reduced impulsive choice, and improved temporal processing. Experiment 2 showed that the 6-session intervention improved self-control relative to a no-delay control, further strengthening the proposal that an abbreviated intervention may be sufficient to reduce impulsive choice. Moreover, improvements in peak-interval timing were observed in groups receiving a pre-intervention impulsive choice assessment, suggesting that exposure to the impulsive choice task may improve temporal processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of interstimulus interval on sustained attention","authors":"Bonnie Humphrey ,&nbsp;Daniel B. Stouffer ,&nbsp;Averill Moser-Rust ,&nbsp;William S. Helton ,&nbsp;Randolph C. Grace ,&nbsp;Ximena J. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability of nervous systems to filter out irrelevant and repetitive stimuli may prevent animals from becoming ‘saturated’ with excess information. However, animals must be particular about which stimuli to attend to and which to ignore, as mistakes may be costly. Using a comparative approach, we explored the effect of interstimulus interval (ISI) between repeated presentations of visual stimuli presented on a screen to test the decrease in responses (response decrement) of both <em>Trite planiceps</em> jumping spiders and untrained <em>Columba livia</em> pigeons, animals with comparable visual ability despite having structurally different visual systems and brain size. We used ISIs of 2.5 s, 5 s, 10 s, predicting that decreases in ISI would lead to progressively less responses to the stimuli. Following from previous work on <em>T. planiceps</em>, we also manipulated pigeon hunger level, finding that hungry birds were initially more responsive than sated pigeons, but the rate of decrease in responses to the stimulus did not differ between the two groups. While a clear response decrement was seen in both species across all conditions, shorter ISIs resulted in more dramatic response decrements, aligning with previous work and with the resource depletion theory posited in the human-based literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724001128/pdfft?md5=f715f981d3283f73e5bcddb115ac110b&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724001128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABA and AAB renewal of alcohol seeking in rats are reduced by exposure to beer before extinction","authors":"Tere A. Mason ,&nbsp;Javier Nieto ,&nbsp;Metin Uengoer ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three experiments with rats examined the impact of a retrieval-extinction procedure on ABA and AAB renewal of instrumental learning. In all experiments, rats were trained to run down an alley for alcoholic beer in Context A. Then, the instrumental response underwent extinction, which was conducted in Context B for Experiments 1 and 2, and in Context A for Experiment 3. In each experiment, one group of animals received a brief exposure to the beer prior to each extinction session, whereas this beer exposure was omitted for a second group. Moreover, Experiment 2 comprised a third group that was exposed to non-alcoholic beer before each extinction session. Finally, all rats were tested in their extinction context and in a second context, which was Context A for Experiments 1 and 2, and Context B for Experiment 3. We found ABA (Experiments 1 and 2) and AAB (Experiment 3) renewal of beer seeking in those animals for which beer exposure prior to extinction was omitted. However, response recovery was not evident when animals received exposure to beer before extinction, regardless of whether alcoholic or non-alcoholic beer was used. Our results suggest that the renewal of alcohol seeking can be prevented by means of the retrieval-extinction paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female preference counteracts negative frequency dependent selection for a stable polymorphism in a livebearing fish","authors":"S.M. West,&nbsp;M. Beymer,&nbsp;C. Favro,&nbsp;G.R. Kolluru","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The maintenance of variation within natural populations is key for natural selection to operate. Polymorphism is an intriguing form of variation that involves the persistence of multiple discrete phenotypes called morphs. Polymorphism is often explained by negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS), under which rare morphs have an advantage, such that no one morph takes over. We tested whether mating polymorphism is maintained by NFDS generated by female choice, in the livebearing poeciliid fish, <em>Girardinus metallicus</em>, whose males are either common, plain morphs or rare, black morphs. Females were treated with one morph for several weeks and tested with both, in mate choice and direct competition assays. Contrary to NFDS via female choice, females preferred the morph with which they were treated. This may disrupt the polymorphism given the rarity of black morphs in the wild, unless black morphs have other advantages: we found that black morphs tended to exhibit higher mating activity, and other studies have demonstrated that they are more aggressive. Interestingly, only black morphs display to females prior to copulation; however, there is little evidence for female preference for this morph or the mating display. These results suggest functions for the mating display of black morphs beyond courtship, including aggressive mate guarding, and prompt a discussion of what constitutes courtship behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimodal distribution of inter-individual distance in free-ranging narrow-ridged finless porpoises","authors":"Tomoyoshi Terada ,&nbsp;Tadamichi Morisaka ,&nbsp;Genfu Yagi ,&nbsp;Ikuko Kanda ,&nbsp;Kiyohiro Ogawa ,&nbsp;Motoi Yoshioka","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inter-individual distance (IID) is an important indicator of social organisation because solitary species are spatially intolerant towards conspecifics, whereas group-living species are usually gregarious with collective behaviour. Therefore, by examining the relationship between the distribution of IIDs and the active space of cues or signals, and behaviours, we can predict their social organisation. The narrow-ridged finless porpoises (NRFPs) have been described as a solitary species; however, recent studies described NRFPs tend to live in groups more than alone. To resolve the inconsistency, the present study investigated IIDs, the active spaces of sounds, and behaviours. The distribution of IIDs measured using drone was classified into three distributions. The close and intermediate distributions were significantly shorter than the distribution predicted by the angle of drone camera, whereas the far distributions were not. The far distributions were thus a random distribution within the limited angle of the camera. The close distributions were shorter than the active space, exhibiting a high proportion of collective behaviours, while intermediate distributions did not. These results suggest that NRFPs have both solitary- and group-living characteristics. Specifically, the intermediate distribution suggests a solitary aspect to maintain IIDs from others, while the close distribution indicates a group-living aspect with social interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724001177/pdfft?md5=c7a6d3bd08440612b34b3e82e8bdb650&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724001177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some properties of habituation of siphon withdrawal in the slimy clam (Ruditapes decussatus)","authors":"Pablo Rubio ,&nbsp;Ignacio Loy ,&nbsp;Ricardo Pellón","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A first approximation to the study of learning processes in bivalves is presented. A habituation procedure was developed using the slimy clam <em>Ruditapes decussatus</em>. The percentage of siphon withdrawal when they were exposed to a white light was measured. In Experiment 1, a habituation-discrimination procedure was used to study the stimulus intensity effect (350-lm vs 806 lm). Clams exposed to 350-lm showed a faster habituation than those exposed to 806-lm. Experiment 2 studied the effect of stimulus and intertrial interval (ITI) duration using a 2×2 design. Trials lasted 20 or 180 seconds, and the ITI lasted 5 or 10 minutes. A combined effect of these two parameters was obtained. Habituation was faster in clams exposed to 180-sec trials with a 5-min ITI. Finally, in Experiment 3 clams were trained with five blocks of five trials with a 5-min ITI. Groups differed on trial duration (20 or 180 s). The results showed a general spontaneous recovery effect that was more pronounced for the 180 s group. Also, it was found in this experimental condition a reduced response 24 hours after finishing training (long-term habituation). Altogether, this series of experiments constitutes a first systematic demonstration of habituation in bivalves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed monetary losses: Do different procedures and discounting measures assess the same construct?","authors":"Haoran Wan,&nbsp;Leonard Green,&nbsp;Joel Myerson","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study examined two procedures for assessing the discounting of delayed, hypothetical, monetary losses: the Adjusting-Amount procedure (Estle et al., 2006) and the Delayed Losses Questionnaire (Myerson et al., 2017), which was modeled on Kirby et al.’s (1999) delayed reward Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Of interest was whether these two procedures assess the same underlying construct. Online participants (<em>N</em> = 431) completed both the Adjusting-Amount procedure and the Delayed Losses Questionnaire. Results revealed that regardless of the delayed amount and whether the discounting measure used was atheoretical (area under the curve and immediate-choice proportion) or theoretically based (log <em>k</em>), the discounting on the Adjusting-Amount procedure was highly correlated with the discounting on the Delayed Losses Questionnaire (all <em>r</em> &gt; .72). In addition, most of the participants (72.2 %) who showed one type of discounting pattern on one procedure (e.g., who increased choice of the larger payment with increases in its delay or who always chose the immediate payment) showed the same pattern on the other procedure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the loss discounting procedures and measures studied here all assess the same construct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 105101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376635724001165/pdfft?md5=19a1d6606dc9640126c4efcb9dd792dc&pid=1-s2.0-S0376635724001165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}