Behavioural Processes最新文献

{"title":"Good sperm producers are more likely to participate in incubation in the Asian barn swallow Hirundo rustica gutturalis","authors":"Masaru Hasegawa ,&nbsp;Emi Arai ,&nbsp;Masahiko Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sperm competition favors increased investment in post-copulatory sexual traits (e.g., long sperm) while reducing parental investment. The relationship between the two investments, however, remains unclear, although it affects the direction and speed of the evolution of each trait. Here, using the Asian barn swallow <em>Hirundo rustica gutturalis</em>, we examined the relationship between total sperm length (i.e., a post-copulatory sexual trait in birds) and male incubation participation (i.e., a paternal investment). This study system provides a unique opportunity to test the relationship, because male incubation has evolved as a derived trait and has not yet been fixed in the populations. After controlling for potential confounding factors (i.e., body condition and pre-copulatory sexual traits), we found that the probability of male participation in incubation increased with the total sperm length. Given that long sperm would secure within-pair paternity, incubation investment by males with long sperm would be adaptive in these sparse populations, rather than pursuing unlikely opportunities for extrapair mating at the expense of participation in incubation. The observed pattern was contrary to the negatively correlated evolution between the total sperm size and male participation in incubation in the family Hirundinidae, indicating that the direction of the relationship between post-copulatory sexual traits and paternal investment can be different from the general pattern of the clade depending on the ecological and evolutionary settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does predation environment affect repeated responses to predation cues in the fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora?","authors":"Madeleine N. Clawson ,&nbsp;Alexandra G. Duffy ,&nbsp;Jerald B. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More time spent by prey avoiding predators often results in less time allocated to energy acquisition and reproductive-related activities. Thereby, individuals that optimize this trade-off and respond appropriately to current risk levels in their environment should be at an advantage. But how does this tradeoff change when individuals repeatedly encounter predation threats? There may be advantages to prey by modulating behavior in response to repeated exposures to a threat. Moreover, it is unclear how evolutionary history of a population might affect such individual responses. Our study addressed two questions: (1) how does the fish <em>Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora</em> respond to repeated predation cues; and (2) do responses to repeated cues differ based on predation environment? To answer these questions, we repeatedly exposed <em>B. rhabdophora</em> individuals from high- and low-predation populations to a chemical predation cue. We measured the change in total distance traveled during 15-minutes before and after each cue exposure and compared the proportional change in response of each successive cue. We found that fish from both populations responded consistently to each of the four successive cue exposures. These results provide insights in understanding how both recent risk exposure and evolutionary history of risk influence individual response to threats over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More complex anti-predator behaviors develop with age in Chinese water deer fawns","authors":"Xiaorong Chen ,&nbsp;Quancheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yikai Wang ,&nbsp;Qiuting Chen ,&nbsp;Haimin Tang ,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An anti-predator strategy increases the fitness of the prey itself, in which vigilance behavior plays an important role. Numerous studies have explored the correlation between prey age and the level of vigilance towards an approaching predator. However, limited studies have delved into the development of vigilant behaviors, much less the vigilant decision-chains. Chinese water deer (<em>Hydropotes inermis</em>), an extremely timid and sensitive animal capable of independent movement at birth, exhibits changes in vigilance strategy from newborn to the end of suckling period. Through individual recognition and standardized flight initiation trial, we measured the distances between the approaching predator and the occurrence of various vigilance behaviors (stare, flight, roaring, stretching neck, vigilant stomping). Our results reveal that Chinese water deer exhibited the vigilant strategy of roaring in the early stage (&lt;3 weeks), and stretching neck and vigilant stomping in the late stage (≥10 weeks), displaying an overall trend of increasing complexity. The vigilant decision-chains of the fawns become more diverse with age. Fawns prioritize their own intrinsic status when making flight decisions under the same threat, with age, birth weight, and pre-flight behaviors emerging as the dominant determinants. Overall, our findings indicate that suckling fawns of Chinese water deer adopt different vigilance behavioral strategies with their development and depending on their age, birth weight and pre-flight behaviors when faced with a threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of acoustic partitioning in insect assemblages","authors":"A. Anjana ,&nbsp;K.T. Teji","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic partitioning pertains to the methods and strategies utilized by insects to coexist within acoustic environments where different species may engage in simultaneous communication while avoiding interference with one another's signals. This review provides an overview of the existing body of research concerning acoustic partitioning in insects. The fundamental processes involved in acoustic partitioning, specifically examine the influence of temporal, spatial and spectral parameters on signal properties. The implications of acoustic partitioning on insects, underscoring the significance of stimulus filtering at the receiver’s end is also discussed. Anthropogenic noise is an additional factor that can impact acoustic communication which is addressed at the end. The comprehension of how insects allocate acoustic space contributes to our understanding of their exceptional communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history stage effects on alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus)","authors":"Tracey L. Hammer ,&nbsp;Pierre Bize ,&nbsp;Benoit Gineste ,&nbsp;Jean-Patrice Robin ,&nbsp;René Groscolas ,&nbsp;Vincent A. Viblanc","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When approached by predators, prey must decide whether to flee or remain and fight. The economics of such decisions are underlain by the trade-off between current and residual fitness. The trade-off predicts that (i) breeders should be less prone than non-breeders to flee from approaching predators, as breeders can lose their investment into current reproduction; (ii) among breeders, parents should increasingly defend their offspring with increasing investment into the brood (brood value hypothesis), at least until the offspring can independently take part in anti-predator defenses; and (iii) for a similar investment into reproduction, breeders with lower perspectives to fledge or wean their young should invest less into offspring defense. We tested these predictions in a colonially breeding seabird, the king penguin (<em>Aptenodytes patagonicus</em>). Specifically, we considered how antipredator behaviors varied according to life history stage (molting, courting, breeding), offspring age and their dependence on parents for antipredator defenses, and the timing of breeding, with late breeders being very unlikely to fledge offspring in this species. Using non-lethal human approaches to mimic the threat of predation, we approached &gt; 500 penguins and measured their alert and flight initiation distances, as well as the distance fled. We found that birds showed increasingly stronger antipredator behaviors as they initiated and increased their investment into reproduction, from non-reproductive stages to courting and brooding small, thermo-dependent chicks. However, once offspring gained thermal independence and freedom of movement, parents reduced their antipredator behaviors. Late breeders were more likely to flee from the approaching threat than early breeders. Altogether, our results demonstrate that parental antipredator responses are dynamic and shaped by the levels of investment into current reproduction, the ability of offspring to defend themselves, and the perceived future value of the brood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New acute chromatic components during prey attack in juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis, Linnaeus 1758): The “Leopard spots”","authors":"Manon Peyrafort ,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq ,&nbsp;Chuan-Chin Chiao ,&nbsp;Ludovic Dickel","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cephalopod molluscs exhibit sophisticated colour changes that allow them to camouflage themselves in a dynamic environment, and to communicate with conspecifics, prey or predators. The present study reports the description of previously undescribed three chromatic body components that were observed by coincidence during prey attack by young cuttlefish. These three components are formed by several units in the form of dark spots located inside the white square on the mantle (L1), between the eyes along the white head bar (L2) and on the arms (L3). They were called the “Leopard spots.” They appeared very transiently during the attack of a shrimp, alone or in group, and their expression was variable within and between individuals. We hypothesise that the Leopard spots play a role in reducing the risk of cuttlefish predation during the shrimp attack, but it is not known whether this is a form of camouflage or a warning signal to predators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of pup isolation-induced ultrasonic calls in a highly social rodent, the Harting’s vole (Microtus hartingi)","authors":"Marina V. Rutovskaya ,&nbsp;Ilya A. Volodin ,&nbsp;Fedor N. Golenishchev ,&nbsp;Elena V. Volodina","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the ontogeny of pup ultrasonic isolation-induced calls (USVs) in a highly social Arvicolinae rodent species, the Harting’s vole (<em>Microtus hartingi</em>). We recorded, with two-days intervals, the USVs of 55 individual pups from 11 litters from 1 to 12 days of age and measured body mass and the linear body size variables of each subject. The number of pups producing USVs decreased from 100 % at 1–2 days of age to 11.5 % at 11–12 days of age. Call rate changed with age, with maximum at 3–4 d of age. It ranged from 121.8 to 94.2 USVs/min between 1–2 and 7–8 days of age, decreased to 36.4 USVs/min at 9–10 days of age and to 1.5 USVs/min at 11–12 days of age. Overall, pup USVs were becoming simpler in their contour shapes with increase of age. Pup age class significantly affected all acoustic variables for the exclusion of the start and maximum fundamental frequencies, which values did not display significant changes with age. Body mass negatively correlated with USV acoustic variables, for the exclusion of call rate. A high percent of USVs contained nonlinear phenomena. We discuss the differences and similarities of pup Harting’s vole USV ontogeny with other vole species and summarize the traits which make pup USVs of the Harting’ vole a convenient model for biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlining boldness measurement in fish: A practical approach to field studies","authors":"Madeleine Berry ,&nbsp;Benedikte Austad ,&nbsp;Johan Höjesjö","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personality is an area of increasing interest in fish ecology because of its potential to affect important ecological processes. Assessing personality traits, such as boldness, usually involves a combination of tests and repeated trials in controlled laboratory environments. However, distress from transportation, handling and extended time in artificial laboratory settings may affect behaviour, increase stress and disrupt natural processes such as feeding. As such, there is a need for a simplified way to assess boldness within a field setting. Here, using a juvenile salmonid as a model, we describe a modified open field test that can easily be applied close to natural habitats. A startle response following sudden exposure to light in a novel environment was used as a measure of boldness in brown trout in two case studies. We showed that boldness was significantly correlated to size with smaller individuals being bolder than larger individuals. In a secondary study, we assessed whether the method could be used to investigate differences in boldness relating to migration timing of sea trout and found that early migrants were bolder than late migrants. We hope this method offers an easy approach to measuring boldness on site and could be particularly useful in situations where transport is unfeasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143208063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premises for digital twins reporting on Atlantic salmon wellbeing","authors":"Jarl Giske ,&nbsp;Magda L. Dumitru ,&nbsp;Katja Enberg ,&nbsp;Ole Folkedal ,&nbsp;Sigurd Olav Handeland ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Higginson ,&nbsp;Anders F. Opdal ,&nbsp;Ivar Rønnestad ,&nbsp;Anne Gro Vea Salvanes ,&nbsp;Knut Wiik Vollset ,&nbsp;Fabio M. Zennaro ,&nbsp;Marc Mangel ,&nbsp;Sergey Budaev","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many species of fish, birds and mammals commonly live in human captivity; Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar</em> is one of them. The international legal status of the welfare of captive animals is slowly developing and still requires rigorous specification. For example, even though fish have complex cognition and elements of sentience, The United Nations’ animal welfare principles still take a functional health-centred perspective overlooking the cognitive-affective component. Wellbeing problems remain a major source of slow growth and high mortality in intensive aquaculture of Atlantic salmon. The value system for decision making in vertebrates is based on expectations of emotional wellbeing for the options available and is linked with the individual’s assessment of its future. We propose a new approach for monitoring and improving the welfare of salmon (or any other captive or wild vertebrate) based on modelling the salmon’s wellbeing system by digital twins, which are simulation models that implement major bodily mechanisms of the organism. Indeed, predictions on boredom, stress and wellbeing can all be captured by a computational evolutionary model of the factors underlying behaviour. We explain how such an agent-based model of salmon digital twins can be constructed by modelling a salmon’s subjective wellbeing experience along with prediction of its near future and allostasis (the bodily preparation for the expected near future). We attempt to identify the building blocks required in digital twin models to deliver early warnings about escalating issues that could eventually lead to negative effects on salmon health in aquaculture. These models would provide critical insights for optimizing production processes and could significantly reduce the reliance on animal experiments. Overall, reports of a population of digital twins could support the implementation of 3Rs - replacement, reduction, refinement - by offering actionable information to fish farmers as well as consumers, voters, politicians and regulators on relevant issues as well as guide experimental work on animal wellbeing across species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is choice bias in delayed matching a consequence of inter-trial interval effects?","authors":"Catarina Soares ,&nbsp;Mairiele Santos,&nbsp;Carlos Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their intended goal of simply separating trials, inter-trial intervals have been found to affect choice behavior in delayed matching-to-sample procedures, leading to choice biases. In the present study, we assessed the effects of delay on choice without the potential influence of inter-trial intervals. Sixteen pigeons learned a symbolic matching-to-sample task with samples differing in duration (3 s vs. 9 s) and no inter-trial intervals. In testing, a delay lasting 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 s was introduced between sample and comparisons. There were two differing delay conditions: for Group Light Off, the delay was spent in darkness and, for Group Light On, the delay was illuminated by a houselight. For Group Light Off, as the delay increased, matching accuracy following both samples decreased towards indifference. For Group Light On, matching accuracy remained relatively high in short-sample trials but decreased abruptly in long-sample trials (choose-short effect). Hence, we found that a choice bias may occur even without inter-trial intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}