Behavioural Processes最新文献

{"title":"Song modulation and auditory feedback under different behavioral contexts in adult male Bengalese finches.","authors":"Aiko Watanabe, Rei Hyakumoto, Ryohei Satoh, Takenori Miyamoto, Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Birdsongs are classified into two types based on behavioral context: undirected song (US) and directed song (DS). Comparisons of US and DS following manipulations of auditory feedback have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying adult song plasticity and maintenance. When deafened as adults, the US of the Bengalese finch changes more rapidly than that of other species (e.g., zebra finch and budgerigar). However, it remains unclear whether the DS of Bengalese finches undergoes similarly rapid degradation. In this study, we deprived adult male Bengalese finches of auditory input and conducted long-term comparisons of US and DS following deafening. We examined the ratios of the number of higher syllables to that of low syllables (H/L) to characterize both US and DS at each time point before and after deafening. After deafening, the decrease in H/L emerged significantly faster and greater in US than in DS. The syllable sequence stereotypy score was lower in US than in DS at 7-14 days after deafening. These findings demonstrate that in adult Bengalese finches, auditory deprivation induces greater alteration more rapidly in US than in DS. We discuss the possibility that differences between US and DS arise from distinct neural activity patterns in the anterior forebrain pathway, which is involved in song learning and modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":" ","pages":"105451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laterality in toe-tapping behaviour of Green-and-Black poison dart frogs (Dendrobates auratus).","authors":"Elisa Schulze, Lisa M Schulte","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laterality, the preference for using one side of the body over the other, has been observed in various animal species, including frogs and toads. While laterality has been studied widely during locomotion in anurans, its role during other behaviours, such as hunting-related toe-tapping (the quick up and down movement of the middle toe of the hind feet while foraging), remains largely unstudied. This study investigated the toe-tapping rate of the left and right toes (versus both toes simultaneously) in a captive colony of green-and-black poison dart frogs (Dendrobates auratus, Dendrobatidae). We assessed the time spent tapping with each toe (right, left, or both toes simultaneously) in response to prey-mimicking videos, based on behavioural observations of 25 individuals. Simultaneous toe-tapping was rare, and laterality tests showed that frogs had an overall preference to toe-tap with their right toes (i.e., most individuals are right-lateralised) when presented with visual artificial prey. Since anurans prefer to strike at their prey once it is apparent in their right visual field, predator-prey interaction on the predator's right body side (i.e., with its right toe) might be beneficial for the predator, and a potential clue towards a better understanding of the function of hunting-related toe-tapping in frogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":" ","pages":"105449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pipeline for acoustic classification of ant (Formica rufa) behaviours: A suggested workflow for soil macrofauna studies.","authors":"G L R Barbier, Å M M Berglund, J Klaminder","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acoustic monitoring has been touted as an automatable monitoring technique to study the presence, activity or acoustic communication of soil animals. Yet current acoustic approaches have been criticized for lacking understanding of what soil fauna behaviours they are detecting. We investigate whether specific insect behaviours could be identified with sound by recording Red Wood Ants (Formica rufa) behaviours (running, struggling, biting and stridulation-like behaviour) with a contact microphone. We label recordings by hand, then extract two types of acoustic features, spectral and cepstral features, and show that most of the selected ant behaviours could be separated from each other based on their acoustic profiles. Based on our results, we propose an analytical workflow including principal component analysis as well as random forest classification that generates correct behavioural classifications in 67-90% of the sound snippets. Key features to separate behaviours include cepstral skewness, duration of sound events and mean frequency of the generated sound. Even if we encountered background noise, our pipeline could select relevant features from audio files and train a machine learning classifier. Our study demonstrates that acoustic features can be used to inform about specific insect behaviours and thus broaden the application of passive acoustic monitoring to species that do not communicate acoustically.</p>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":" ","pages":"105446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Hunting in a complex neighborhood: Juvenile octopuses’ interactions with territorial and follower fishes” [Behav. Process. 241 (2026) 105413]","authors":"Michaella Pereira Andrade,&nbsp;Jennifer Mather,&nbsp;Charles Morphy D. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105422","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elusive encounters: Activity patterns of the threatened Western polecat and niche overlap with co-occurring carnivores","authors":"Emiliano Mori ,&nbsp;Filippo Alterini ,&nbsp;Leonardo Ancillotto ,&nbsp;Valeria Avetta ,&nbsp;Matteo Bianchi ,&nbsp;Valerio Bruni ,&nbsp;Paolo Bongi ,&nbsp;Mattia Lombardini ,&nbsp;Giulia Santalmasi ,&nbsp;Giacomo Santini ,&nbsp;Andrea Viviano ,&nbsp;Marco Zaccaroni","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the temporal dynamics of carnivore assemblages is crucial for clarifying mechanisms of coexistence and co-occurrence and informing conservation planning. The Western polecat <em>Mustela putorius</em>, a medium-sized mustelid of conservation concern, remains poorly studied in terms of activity rhythms, particularly in southern Europe, where its populations are fragmented and declining. In this study, we investigated the temporal activity patterns and spatiotemporal relationships of polecats, assessing whether co-occurrence with other meso-carnivores may shape the species behaviour. Using systematic camera trapping across 35 stations in the northern Apennines in 2024–2025, we obtained 357 independent detections of medium-sized mustelids, including 41 polecats, 127 pine martens, 91 stone martens, and 98 unidentified <em>Martes</em> spp. Activity analyses confirmed significant deviations from random distributions for all species. Polecats and stone martens were predominantly nocturnal, with peak activity in the early night hours, whereas pine martens exhibited greater diurnal patterns, peaking in early morning. Overlap analyses revealed a high temporal overlap between polecats and stone martens, moderate overlap between polecats and pine martens, and intermediate overlap between the two marten species. Polecat activity was strongly influenced by lunar brightness, being concentrated in the darkest nights, whereas martens showed no significant response to moon phases. The Pianka index suggested also limited spatial overlap amongst all species pairs. These results suggest that co-occurrence among the three meso-carnivores at the landscape level may be facilitated primarily by spatial and habitat segregation, with temporal adjustments further reducing direct competition. The occurrence of polecat records mostly on camera traps located around aquatic habitats may explain their rarity in Italian camera-trap datasets and underscores their vulnerability to ongoing wetland loss. Species-level resolution (e.g., distinguishing between the beech marten and the pine marten) is essential to identify habitat segregation as the primary “coexistence” mechanism among mustelids, highlighting the need for species-specific analyses in carnivore community studies, given their markedly different ecological strategies despite phenotypic similarities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 105396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of conditioned food aversion in Japanese fire-bellied newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster)","authors":"Weisheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Ippei Maruyama ,&nbsp;Tohru Taniuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paradis and Cabanac (2004) reported that amphibians, such as toads and newts, do not exhibit a decrease in consumption of a food conditioned stimulus (CS) after being paired with an injection of LiCl. Although they described the food CS as completely novel to the animals, we hypothesized that prior experience with other foods may have generalized to the food CS, leading to stimulus generalization of latent inhibition and impairing the acquisition of a conditioned food aversion. Our aim was to examine conditioned food aversion in Japanese fire-bellied newts (<em>Cynops pyrrhogaster</em>) using a food CS that was expected to be novel in flavor to the subjects. We used <em>kamaboko</em>, a Japanese processed food made from pureed fish with added salt and other ingredients. Newts in the experimental groups received an injection of either 190 mg/kg or 285 mg/kg of 0.15 M LiCl immediately after presentation of the food CS, while the control group received an injection of the same dose of saline. Compared to the control group, both experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in consumption of the food CS during the test. In contrast, in an additional test conducted on the day following the CS presentation test, no significant differences were found among the groups in their consumption of the familiar food pellets that they had been consuming prior to the experiment. These results suggest that Japanese fire-bellied newts can acquire a conditioned food aversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 105345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and sex differences in behavioural responses of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) towards snakes","authors":"Hidemi Torigoe,&nbsp;Shintaro Ishizuka","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avoiding snake predation is essential for the survival of various animal species in the wild. Primates are occasionally predated by snakes, and their anti-predator strategies towards snakes can be better understood by field experiments that investigate behavioural responses to snakes. This study examined such behavioural responses of free-ranging Japanese macaques (<em>Macaca fuscata</em>) on Shodoshima Island. Three snake models (colored black, green, and yellow mottled) were presented to the subjects. Fleeing, alarm calls, looking, and latency of first response were recorded as behavioural responses. We analysed the effects of age and sex of the subject, as well as the effect of snake model on the frequency of each behaviour. Behavioural data were collected from 50 trials. Although the frequency of fleeing was higher in adult females than in adult males, such sex differences were not marked in juveniles. These results might be caused by sex role differences in primates, wherein males often display anti-predator behaviours for the protection of females and/or their offspring, whereas females prioritise protecting themselves and their offspring. Juveniles looked longer at the snake model than adults did, suggesting that juveniles acquire predator knowledge via observation. Age and sex differences were not observed in the frequency of alarm calls and latency of first response. None of the four behaviour measures was influenced by the snake model. This study highlights the age and sex differences in behavioural responses to snakes in non-human primates, contributing to a better understanding of anti-snake strategies in mammals and complex primate–snake relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First or best? Contrasting approaches reveal different outcomes in tadpole (Hypsiboas lundii) escape performance under acute chlorpyrifos exposure","authors":"David Sánchez-Domene ,&nbsp;Alba Navarro Lozano ,&nbsp;Alexandre Vidotto Barboza Lima ,&nbsp;Camila Nomura Pereira Boscolo ,&nbsp;Amanda Huga Magrini ,&nbsp;Eduardo Alves de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escape swimming performance tests are widely used to assess how aquatic organisms respond to environmental stressors. Two analytical approaches are commonly applied: the first response (reaction to the initial simulated predation attempt) and the best response (the highest performance among successive attempts). However, whether these approaches lead to convergent or divergent conclusions remains unclear. In this study, <em>Hypsiboas lundii</em> tadpoles were exposed for 48 h to two environmentally relevant concentrations of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF; 0.6 and 1.0 μg L⁻¹). Escape performance (first and best responses) and enzymatic biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase, AChE; and carboxylesterase, CbE) were assessed in body and tail tissues. AChE activity remained unchanged, whereas CbE activity increased significantly in the body of tadpoles at the highest CPF concentration. Reduced escape performance was therefore attributed to non-cholinergic, bioenergetic mechanisms. Best response analysis revealed significant reductions in escape distance, burst speed, and escape time at the higher CPF concentration, whereas first response analysis detected no effects. Our findings demonstrate that the two analytical approaches can yield contrasting conclusions, underscoring the importance of methodological choices in behavioral ecotoxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing and validating different methods for olfactory threshold measurement in dogs","authors":"Connor T. Lambert ,&nbsp;Glenna N. Cupp ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Kane ,&nbsp;Andrea C. Medrano ,&nbsp;Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann ,&nbsp;Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa ,&nbsp;Nathaniel J. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensory thresholds- the limits at which an organism can detect the presence of a given stimulus- can provide insight into the evolution of sensory abilities and the relative salience of different stimuli to a species. Understanding dog olfactory thresholds can further benefit the training of detection dogs by identifying odors that are salient and detectable. Current methods to measure olfactory thresholds vary widely and often lack controls or external validation. We aimed to (a) compare three commonly used procedures to measure olfactory thresholds in dogs, (b) evaluate how cognitive fatigue and/or sensory adaptation could be potential confounds, and (c) validate threshold methods by comparing them to a reference odor and empirical measurements of our odor delivery system. We first compared three differing threshold measurement methods using 1-bromooctane, a common training odorant for detection dogs: (1) random presentation of different concentrations; (2) a blocked descending procedure where an initial odor concentration is presented in a block of 10 trials with decreasing half-log concentrations presented in subsequent blocks until dogs reach chance performance; and (3) the descending staircase procedure. We found that a blocked procedure provided the lowest threshold values, with a mean dog threshold for 1-bromooctane equivalent to a ∼10⁻⁵ dilution in mineral oil. Control tests indicated our findings were not driven by fatigue or sensory adaptation. We also found that the blocked procedure generated olfactory thresholds for amyl acetate- a volatile with multiple published olfactory thresholds for dogs- at 129 ppt, at the lower range of prior work, validating the descending block approach. Instrumental analysis found that our olfactometer delivered odor in decreasing concentrations as predicted. We identified a valid method for assessing dog olfactory thresholds that can guide future research on this topic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low mobility and similar odors result in peaceful interspecific encounters in termites","authors":"Daniela Lúcio Santana ,&nbsp;Leandro Bacci ,&nbsp;Paulo Fellipe Cristaldo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Albano Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beproc.2026.105340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cohabitation of eusocial insects in nests may involve different strategies that enable stable coexistence. The maintenance of obligatory inquilinism in termites has been attributed to the host species (<em>Constrictotermes</em> sp.) having a low perception of the inquiline (<em>Inquilinitermes microcerus</em>) due to the latter’s limited mobility and peaceful nature. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that aggressiveness in interspecific encounters is reduced when: (i) one of the species involved has low mobility, and/or (ii) non-nestmate individuals share similar body extracts. We conducted manipulative bioassays to evaluate the proportion of attacks between the host species and target individuals, including both the inquiline and a non-inquiline species (<em>Nasutitermes corniger</em>). The experimental treatments involved manipulating the mobility (immovable or free) and watery body extracts of the target species, as well as varying the host castes. Host and treated target individuals were placed in an arena, and we recorded the time elapsed until the first attack. Hosts and inquilines exhibited low levels of aggression towards each other. The host’s attacks on the inquiline were not influenced by odor or mobility but varied among castes, with greater aggressiveness observed in the presence of host workers. In contrast, the proportion of attacks by the host on non-inquilines was higher when the non-inquiline was free and retained its own odor, followed by a neutral odor, the odor of the inquiline, or that of the host. Our results suggest that low mobility and the acquisition of similar odors can reduce interspecific aggression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between termites and other eusocial species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8746,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Processes","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}