Matthew J. Hadfield , Ross D. Merkin , Sherin J. Rouhani , Kerry L. Reynolds
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Precision immunomodulation: Understanding and harnessing cytokine pathways to treat and prevent immune-related adverse events (irAEs)” [Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 38 2 2025]","authors":"Matthew J. Hadfield , Ross D. Merkin , Sherin J. Rouhani , Kerry L. Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 3","pages":"Article 101648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress of targeted BCMA CAR-T therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma antigen-negative relapse","authors":"Lulu Kong , Kailin Xu , Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a novel and effective modality for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), achieving remarkable therapeutic outcomes. However, relapse remains a major problem impeding the long-term efficacy of this therapy, with antigen-negative relapse being a particularly challenging issue. The mechanisms underlying BCMA antigen-negative relapse encompass a spectrum of phenomena, including diminished or lost tumor antigen expression, BCMA shedding, impaired antigen presentation, trogocytosis, antigen mutations, and alternative splicing. To overcome the problem of antigen-negative relapse in BCMA CAR-T therapy, a variety of strategies are being explored. These include dual/multi-specific CAR-T cell therapy, combination therapies with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), integration with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), identification of novel targets, and the development of innovative cell therapies such as CAR-NK and CAR-M (CAR-Macrophage). Additionally, the optimization of CAR-T cells through gene editing technologies to enhance their durability and anti-tumor activity is a burgeoning area of research. In future, targeted BCMA CAR-T therapy is poised to place greater emphasis on individualization and precision medicine, combining multiple therapeutic approaches to reduce the incidence of relapse, thereby improving treatment efficacy and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andre Souffrant , Avery Wilson , Bryar Hansen , Katsuhiro Tomofuji , Ryo Otsuka , Gilles Benichou , Thomas Spitzer , Tatsuo Kawai
{"title":"Cytokines in transplantation tolerance","authors":"Andre Souffrant , Avery Wilson , Bryar Hansen , Katsuhiro Tomofuji , Ryo Otsuka , Gilles Benichou , Thomas Spitzer , Tatsuo Kawai","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transplantation tolerance is an immunologic state in which a transplant recipient's immune system does not mount a destructive immune response to an allograft. Tolerance offers an alternative to lifelong immunosuppression, potentially extending both allograft and patient survival by reducing transplant-related morbidity. Currently, the only clinically relevant approaches to achieve allograft tolerance rely on induction of donor hematopoietic chimerism through bone marrow or hematopoietic cell transplantation.</div><div>There are two known types of T cell tolerance to alloantigens – central and peripheral. In central tolerance, alloantigen presentation in the thymic medulla results in clonal deletion of alloreactive immature lymphocytes. Peripheral tolerance is mediated by development of tolerogenic cell populations such as immature dendritic cells and regulatory T cells which suppress or delete alloreactive immune cells in the periphery.</div><div>As the signaling molecules secreted by immune cells to orchestrate immune responses, cytokines are important in development of both central and peripheral tolerance and are critical in mediating both allograft rejection and tolerance. Understanding the immunology underlying the effects of cytokines on the immune system can help us to better understand their role in tolerance and to leverage that understanding to more reliably and safely induce transplantation tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas R. Spitzer MD, Hillard M. Lazarus MD, FACP, Robert Peter Gale MD, PhD, DSc(hc), FACP, FRCP, FRCPI(hc), FRSM
{"title":"Cytokines in hematology, hematopoietic cell transplantation and immune effector cell therapy: Preface","authors":"Thomas R. Spitzer MD, Hillard M. Lazarus MD, FACP, Robert Peter Gale MD, PhD, DSc(hc), FACP, FRCP, FRCPI(hc), FRSM","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hulya Bukulmez , Kristin B. Highland , Rujman Khan , Gary S. Gilkeson , Steven N. Emancipator
{"title":"Advancing MSC therapy: The next generation of potent mesenchymal stromal cells for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","authors":"Hulya Bukulmez , Kristin B. Highland , Rujman Khan , Gary S. Gilkeson , Steven N. Emancipator","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fields that deal with systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology have adopted the principles of immune modulation, including shifting immune activation sates, from advances originally developed in oncology. Most clinical trials to date have demonstrated efficacy of cell therapies primarily in in hematologic and solid tumors, largely driven by chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. In contrast, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown limited success in oncology applications.</div><div>In this article we review the most recent clinical trials involving MSCs and their promising results for patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases that have failed to respond to standard of care (SOC) therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew J. Hadfield , Ross D. Merkin , Sherin J. Rouhani , Kerry L. Reynolds
{"title":"Precision immunomodulation: Understanding and harnessing cytokine pathways to treat and prevent immune-related adverse events (irAEs)","authors":"Matthew J. Hadfield , Ross D. Merkin , Sherin J. Rouhani , Kerry L. Reynolds","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors has fundamentally changed both the treatment landscape for a multitude of malignancies as well as our understanding of cancer biology. Despite profound advancements, the utilization of these drugs is often limited by the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), characterized by off-target toxicity to healthy tissue secondary to treatment. Currently, irAEs are often treated with high-dose corticosteroids, with additional immunosuppressive agents added for severe or refractory irAEs. Cytokine pathway inhibitors, particularly anti-TNFa and anti-IL-6R antibodies, are commonly used as second-line immunosuppression. The efficacy of blocking these pathways in treating irAEs, as well as their potential impact on anti-tumor response, will be discussed. Additionally, this review will also explore other cytokines implicated in irAE pathophysiology, including interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-4/13 (IL-4/IL-13) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) which play important roles in the inflammatory cascades underlying specific irAEs such as colitis, dermatitis, and eosinophilia-related toxicities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytokines and immune effector cell therapy","authors":"Alexandra Haugh, Matthew J. Frigault","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytokines play an integral role in both promoting the efficacy of immune effector cell (IEC) therapies and in the development of the unique spectrum of associated toxicities, including CRS, ICANS, and IEC-HS. We review the various cytokines that have been employed in the IEC manufacturing process as well as the role of endogenous cytokines in promoting successful expansion and activity following cell infusion. We discuss the role of recombinant exogenous cytokines in further promoting T cell activity, as well as next-generation IEC products engineered to express cytokines that signal in an autonomous fashion. Finally, we discuss working models of several IEC-associated toxicities, highlighting the crucial role of cytokines in driving these toxicities, as well as interventions with anti-cytokine therapies to overcome them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications and prospects of molecularly targeted drugs combined with CAR-T cell therapy to treat multiple myeloma","authors":"Yan Xu, Jianping Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a type of precision immunotherapy, has shown promising outcomes in treating certain types of cancers, although limited by the antigen escape, suppression on the tumor microenvironment (TME), and CAR-T cell depletion. Molecularly targeted drugs can enhance the anti-cancer efficacy by targeting key signal transductions against cancers, providing a clue for optimizing the CAR-T cell therapy. Moreover, molecularly targeted drugs synergistically assist CAR-T cells to transform the TME, boost anti-cancer activities and inhibit immune escape. Their combination has rushed into the spotlight of research on individualized treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). In the present review, we described frequently used molecularly targeted drugs in the combination of CAR-T cell therapy against MM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endogenous and exogenous cytokines: An overview and introduction","authors":"Thomas R. Spitzer , Hillard M. Lazarus","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytokines are ubiquitous small proteins, secreted by virtually all leukocytes and other immune effector cells, that interact with other cytokines and effector and regulatory cells to direct innate and adaptive immunity. Six broad categories of cytokines have been described, with functions ranging from stimulation of immunity and inflammation by cytokines produced by white blood cells (interleukins) to impacting the migration of immune effector cells to sites of inflammation and tissue injury (chemokines). When secreted in excess, or when there exists an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, diseases ranging from sepsis to organ transplant rejection to autoimmune disorders occur. The development of exogenous cytokines for therapeutic use, similar or identical to naturally occurring cytokines, has resulted in advances in the management of cancer and autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, the development of inhibitors of cytokines has resulted in the ability to control of a growing list of inflammatory, neoplastic, autoimmune, and allergic conditions. Future investigations should continue to explore the manner cytokines are exploited for therapeutic purpose or are used as inhibitors to interrupt the pathobiological mechanisms of disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and CAR-T therapy: dynamics, determinants, and directions","authors":"Weijia Fu , Jiahao Chen , Xiaoxia Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beha.2025.101634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune reconstitution (IR) is a dynamic and sequential process that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and cellular therapies, involving the gradual recovery of both innate and adaptive immune compartments. The success of IR is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes, including the risk of graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effects. In the context of allo-HCT, IR shaped by various factors, including transplantation modalities, conditioning regimens, therapeutic interventions, and post-transplant strategies. The kinetics and quality of IR following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy are also shaped by several factors, such as lymphodepleting chemotherapy, CAR construct design, and the patient's baseline immune status. In particular, B-cell–targeted CAR-T therapy frequently results in B-cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and immune exhaustion, necessitating improved monitoring and post-treatment interventions. These immunologic effects highlight the need for improved post-treatment monitoring and supportive interventions to reduce infection risk and ensure sustained immune recovery. To better characterize IR across both allo-HCT and CAR-T settings, advanced immune profiling technologies, such as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, are providing new insights into the dynamics of immune recovery. Here, we summarize current knowledge on IR kinetics and evaluate the impact of different transplant and CAR-T settings. We then discuss personalized strategies to optimize immune monitoring and therapeutic approaches for recipients of allo-HCT and CAR-T therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8744,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}