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Economic assessment of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Brazil 巴西口蹄疫暴发的经济评估
Q open Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac028
T. C. de Menezes, Amanda M. Countryman, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho, F. Ferreira
{"title":"Economic assessment of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Brazil","authors":"T. C. de Menezes, Amanda M. Countryman, Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho, F. Ferreira","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in cloven-hoofed animals cause substantial economic impacts because of animal depopulation, increased government spending on control, eradication and surveillance measures, and bans on international trade. This study employs a computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling framework in tandem with results from an epidemiological model to evaluate the economic consequences of a hypothetical FMD outbreak in Brazil. FMD-induced productivity losses and restrictions on international trade of livestock and meat products are applied as exogenous shocks in the economic model. Results show increased bilateral trade of beef and pork, mainly in South America, North Africa, and Russia. Simulated welfare losses in Brazil range from ${$}$132 million to ${$}$271 million depending on the severity of trade restrictions imposed. This study expands the rich literature on animal health economics. Results highlight the importance of maintaining the health of Brazilian herds, especially when considering Brazil's position as one of the main meat suppliers in the international market.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Potential welfare impacts from the continued spread of wild pigs 野猪持续扩散对福利的潜在影响
Q open Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.284316
J. Holderieath, M. K. Crosby, E. McConnell
{"title":"Potential welfare impacts from the continued spread of wild pigs","authors":"J. Holderieath, M. K. Crosby, E. McConnell","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.284316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.284316","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wild pigs are spreading across the United States leaving potentially devastating crop losses in their wake. The majority of US corn, soybean, and wheat (approximately 85%, 79%, and 73%, respectively) and 6% of rice production are at risk in counties that do not currently have wild pigs. This work integrates the probability of a wild pig invasion to predict the welfare effects and price changes due to wild pigs spreading by using four predictive models linked to an equilibrium displacement model. Results show a decrease in total economic well-being of between approximately 54 and 350 million USD per year is possible. However, the outcomes for individual producers are overlooked. Some producers are much worse off, while others are slightly better off. This result demonstrates the importance of local-level analysis, as not all producers are affected the same way, and that distribution should be addressed in future work.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does colonial heritage segment food markets? Evidence from rice consumers in Mauritania 殖民遗产如何细分食品市场?来自毛里塔尼亚大米消费者的证据
Q open Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac026
Kofi Britwum, M. Demont
{"title":"How does colonial heritage segment food markets? Evidence from rice consumers in Mauritania","authors":"Kofi Britwum, M. Demont","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reducing Africa's dependence on Asian rice imports requires tailoring local rice products to food markets that are segmented by cultural heritage of ancient rice domestication and colonial heritage of more recent import substitution policies. Using experimental auctions, we examine quality upgrading and branding spillovers from Senegal by assessing the competitiveness of Senegalese vis-à-vis imported Asian rice products in an urban market in Mauritania. The Mauritanian rice market is mainly shaped by colonial heritage and is segmented into (i) elite White Hassanis, (ii) lower caste Black Hassanis, (iii) immigrants with colonial heritage, and (iv) a smaller group of immigrants with cultural heritage. While colonial heritage generally tends to incline consumers towards imported rice, local rice is preferred by Black Hassanis, older and more educated consumers, housewives and wealthier families. This evidence can support policymakers and value chain actors in their efforts to spill over rice value chain upgrading between the Senegalese and Mauritanian river banks along the Senegal River Valley.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46019084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Persistent consumer response to a nationwide food safety recall in urban India. 印度城市消费者对全国性食品安全召回的持续反应。
Q open Pub Date : 2022-09-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac025
Cherry Law, Laura Cornelsen
{"title":"Persistent consumer response to a nationwide food safety recall in urban India.","authors":"Cherry Law, Laura Cornelsen","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qopen/qoac025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about consumer response to food safety recalls in low- and middle- income countries. Using an event-study framework, this paper examines the immediate and long-term changes in noodle purchases after the nationwide removal of Maggi instant noodles from the market in India in 2015. We show that this recall had a negative impact on the purchases of Maggi noodles among urban households for at least two years. This provides evidence of the huge costs of recalls on food producers that can be leveraged by policymakers to promote food safety. We also find strong evidence for a positive spillover effect to non-Maggi noodles that is more persistent among households with more regular purchasing habits of Maggi noodles. This indicates that consumers with more persistent habits of buying a recalled product are less likely to stigmatize alike food products under different brands. Our results are robust to alternative assumptions of pre-trends in purchases and placebo tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33497740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct payments and on-farm employment: evidence from a spatial regression discontinuity design 直接支付与农场就业:来自空间回归不连续设计的证据
Q open Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac024
Franziska Zimmert, A. Zorn
{"title":"Direct payments and on-farm employment: evidence from a spatial regression discontinuity design","authors":"Franziska Zimmert, A. Zorn","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Direct payments are regarded as a suitable instrument to safeguard jobs in the agricultural sector. However, empirical findings to date do not unambiguously support this expectation. We further empirically investigate this research question on dairy farms with a focus on family work. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, we rely upon selection on unobservables assumptions. The Swiss direct payments system creates a discontinuous jump near the border of agricultural production zones for the amount of public subsidies a farm receives. Using two-stage least squares (TSLS) to estimate the policy-relevant effect, we find that an additional CHF 50,000 can generate a job for a female family worker in the dairy sector. Male employment is not affected. These results show that direct payments can safeguard traditional family farming.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combining ex-ante and ex-post assessments to support the sustainable transformation of agriculture: the case of Swiss pesticide-free wheat production 结合事前和事后评估支持农业可持续转型：以瑞士无农药小麦生产为例
Q open Pub Date : 2022-08-13 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac022
N. Möhring, R. Huber, R. Finger
{"title":"Combining ex-ante and ex-post assessments to support the sustainable transformation of agriculture: the case of Swiss pesticide-free wheat production","authors":"N. Möhring, R. Huber, R. Finger","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sustainable intensification of agriculture requires the adoption of new production techniques, tools, and programs on a large scale. This implies substantial shifts in established ways of farming under uncertain information about potential economic and environmental outcomes. Research can support stakeholders such as farmers, industry, and policy in this transformation by providing evidence-based information. The provision of such information can be improved by combining ex-ante and ex-post assessment tools at different stages of policy cycles and projects. We here present a unique combination of ex-ante bio-economic modelling analysis and ex-post econometric analyses based on survey data using the example of a novel pesticide-free wheat production program in Switzerland. We exemplify how ex-ante and ex-post evaluation can be combined to increase robustness of results for stakeholders, e.g. on yield losses from pesticide-free production or farmer typologies important for adoption. Further, we show how their alignment can improve future assessments in project and policy cycles, e.g. through the choice of suitable variables explaining farmer decision-making and priors on the distribution of their characteristics. Despite the identified synergies between assessments, we also find that their integration is limited by timing and information requirements of stakeholders at different stages in the project. Finally, potential synergies in our case study strongly depended on the type of ex-ante models chosen for evaluation and their alignment with ex-post methods. Especially integrating farmer behaviour in ex-ante assessments seems to be crucial to arrive at holistic evaluations of large-scale programs for sustainable agricultural practices and providing useful information to stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Within-retailer price dispersion in e-commerce: Prevalence, magnitude and determinants 电子商务中零售商内部的价格分散：流行率、规模和决定因素
Q open Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac021
S. Fedoseeva, Judith Irek
{"title":"Within-retailer price dispersion in e-commerce: Prevalence, magnitude and determinants","authors":"S. Fedoseeva, Judith Irek","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Whereas between-retailer price discrepancies are well documented, less is known about price differentiations within a single chain. This article investigates the prevalence and the magnitude of online within-retailer price dispersion over time. Amazon is the US largest online food retailer (and the second largest retailer in the entire US grocery market), and we use the rich daily price data on food and beverages sold by Amazon Fresh in New York City and Los Angeles to shed light on the prevalence, magnitude and determinants of the within-retailer price dispersion over time. We show that differences in economic indicators, competitive pressure and COVID-19 exposure across locations contribute to price dispersion. Once those factors are controlled for, we observe a negative linear time trend in the share and magnitude of non-identical prices confirming an increasing market integration as e-commerce matures.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46601316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Warm glow and consumers’ valuation of ethically certified products 暖光与消费者对道德认证产品的评价
Q open Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac020
Sarah Iweala, A. Spiller, R. Nayga, D. Lemken
{"title":"Warm glow and consumers’ valuation of ethically certified products","authors":"Sarah Iweala, A. Spiller, R. Nayga, D. Lemken","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A number of self-beneficial motives can trigger pro-environmental and prosocial behavior of individuals. We focus on the role of the warm glow of giving—the personal benefit people experience when doing good irrespective of the consequences—in the valuation of ethically certified food products. Our data is based on an online experimental auction with more than 800 consumers in Germany. Participants bid on tea and chocolate advertised with prosocial and pro-environmental certifications after being randomly exposed to affectively and informatively framed messages. We also measured the experienced warm glow of participants. Our main results are (1) that the experienced warm glow is only linked to a higher willingness-to-pay of older and higher income respondents; (2) that the experienced warm glow does not differ between prosocial and pro-environmental causes; and (3) that treatment effects do not differ according to the participants’ warm glow level but according to the certification itself.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43810463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating the effects of weather and climate change on agricultural productivity 估计天气和气候变化对农业生产力的影响
Q open Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac018
C. O'Donnell
{"title":"Estimating the effects of weather and climate change on agricultural productivity","authors":"C. O'Donnell","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Explaining changes in productivity involves explaining changes in output and input quantities. Several economic models can be used for this purpose. This paper considers a model that accounts for weather and output price uncertainty. Changes in productivity are then explained in two steps. First, a stochastic production frontier model is used to decompose a proper productivity index into measures of technical progress, environmental change, technical efficiency change, scale-and-mix efficiency change, and changes in statistical noise. Second, a system of input demand equations is used to further decompose the measure of scale-and-mix efficiency change into a measure of technical progress, a measure of input price change, various measures of changes in expectations, and a measure of changes in allocative efficiency and statistical noise. The methodology is applied to U.S. agricultural data. The effects of weather and climate change on agricultural productivity are found to be small relative to the effects of changes in input prices.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Revisiting the Relationship Between Farmland Prices and Soil Quality 重新审视耕地价格与土壤质量的关系
Q open Pub Date : 2022-06-25 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoac017
Luise Meissner, O. Musshoff
{"title":"Revisiting the Relationship Between Farmland Prices and Soil Quality","authors":"Luise Meissner, O. Musshoff","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper aims to examine the relationship between soil quality and farmland prices over time. Soil quality is often used as an explanatory variable for farmland prices in hedonic price models. However, the agricultural land market has shown an enormous price increase over the last decade. Therefore, revisiting the relationship between soil quality and farmland prices over time is of high relevance. This study aims to analyze farmland price time series in Germany. The series are aggregated within soil quality intervals and within parcel size intervals, treated as panel units. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) panel group mean and the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) panel group mean estimators are applied within a cointegration regression approach to estimate the relation of the time series. We found that soil quality causes a relative farmland price difference within an identified long-run relationship.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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