Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Research on human gait sensing based on triboelectric nanogenerator","authors":"Gang Yang, Lifang Wang, Jiayun Tian","doi":"10.1063/10.0024336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0024336","url":null,"abstract":"To address the problem of frequent battery replacement for wearable sensors applied to fall detection among the elderly, a portable and low-cost triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based self-powered sensor for human gait monitoring is proposed. The main fabrication materials of the TENG are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, aluminum (Al) foil, and polyimide (PI) film, where PTFE and Al are the friction layer materials and the PI film is used to improve the output performance. Exploiting the ability of TENGs to monitor changes in environmental conditions, a self-powered sensor based on the TENG is placed in an insole to collect gait information. Since a TENG does not require a power source to convert physical and mechanical signals into electrical signals, the electrical signals can be used as sensing signals to be analyzed by a computer to recognize daily human activities and fall status. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the TENG-based sensor for recognizing human gait is 97.2%, demonstrating superior sensing performance and providing valuable insights for future monitoring of fall events in the elderly population.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"68 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabricating AC/DC nanogenerators based on single ZnO nanowires by using a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope","authors":"Mei Liu, Mengfan He, Aristide Djoulde, Lingdi Kong, Weilin Su, Xin Bai, Jinbo Chen, Jinjun Rao, Zhiming Wang","doi":"10.1063/10.0024335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0024335","url":null,"abstract":"Single zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) are promising for nanogenerators because of their excellent semiconducting and piezoelectric properties, but characterizing the latter efficiently is challenging. As reported here, an electrical breakdown strategy was used to construct single ZnO NWs with a specific length. With the high operability of a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope, ZnO-NW-based two-probe and three-probe structures were constructed for fabricating AC/DC nanogenerators, respectively. For a ZnO NW, an AC output of between −15.31 mV and 5.82 mV was achieved, while for a DC nanogenerator, an output of ∼24.3 mV was realized. Also, the three-probe structure’s output method was changed to verify the distribution of piezoelectric charges when a single ZnO NW is bent by a probe, and DC outputs of different amplitudes were achieved. This study provides a low-cost, highly convenient, and operational method for studying the AC/DC output characteristics of single NWs, which is beneficial for the further development of nanogenerators.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on photonic crystal nanobeam cavity based on mixed diamond–circular holes","authors":"Jing Bin, Kerui Feng, Shang Ma, Ke Liu, Yong Cheng, Jing Chen, Qifa Liu","doi":"10.1063/10.0023847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0023847","url":null,"abstract":"A photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (M-PCNC) with a structure incorporating a mixture of diamond-shaped and circular air holes is proposed. The performance of the cavity is simulated and studied theoretically. Using the finite-difference time-domain method, the parameters of the M-PCNC, including cavity thickness and width, lattice constant, and radii and numbers of holes, are optimized, with the quality factor Q and mode volume Vm as performance indicators. Mutual modulation of the lattice constant and hole radius enable the proposed M-PCNC to realize outstanding performance. The optimized cavity possesses a high quality factor Q = 1.45 × 105 and an ultra-small mode volume Vm = 0.01(λ/n) [Zeng et al., Opt Lett 2023:48;3981–3984] in the telecommunications wavelength range. Light can be progressively squeezed in both the propagation direction and the perpendicular in-plane direction by a series of interlocked anti-slots and slots in the diamond-shaped hole structure. Thereby, the energy can be confined within a small mode volume to achieve an ultra-high Q/Vm ratio.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microfluidic-based DNA methylation analysis","authors":"Jiwen Li, Tiechuan Li, Xuexin Duan","doi":"10.1063/10.0023845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0023845","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation has been extensively investigated in recent years, not least because of its known relationship with various diseases. Progress in analytical methods can greatly increase the relevance of DNA methylation studies to both clinical medicine and scientific research. Microfluidic chips are excellent carriers for molecular analysis, and their use can provide improvements from multiple aspects. On-chip molecular analysis has received extensive attention owing to its advantages of portability, high throughput, low cost, and high efficiency. In recent years, the use of novel microfluidic chips for DNA methylation analysis has been widely reported and has shown obvious superiority to conventional methods. In this review, we first focus on DNA methylation and its applications. Then, we discuss advanced microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis and describe the great progress that has been made in recent years. Finally, we summarize the advantages that microfluidic technology brings to DNA methylation analysis and describe several challenges and perspectives for on-chip DNA methylation analysis. This review should help researchers improve their understanding and make progress in developing microfluidic-based methods for DNA methylation analysis.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"29 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True-temperature inversion algorithm for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization","authors":"Mei Liang, Zhuo Sun, Jiasong Liu, Yongsheng Wang, Lei Liang, Long Zhang","doi":"10.1063/10.0023846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0023846","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, a method of true-temperature inversion for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization is proposed for difficult inversion problems with unknown emissivity. Fractional-order calculus has the inherent advantage of easily jumping out of local extreme values; here, it is introduced into the particle-swarm algorithm to invert the true temperature. An improved adaptive-adjustment mechanism is applied to automatically adjust the current velocity order of the particles and update their velocity and position values, increasing the accuracy of the true temperature values. The results of simulations using the proposed algorithm were compared with three algorithms using typical emissivity models: the internal penalty function algorithm, the optimization function (fmincon) algorithm, and the conventional particle-swarm optimization algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good accuracy for true-temperature inversion. Actual experimental results from a rocket-motor plume were used to demonstrate that the true-temperature inversion results of this algorithm are in good agreement with the theoretical true-temperature values.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"112 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications","authors":"V. Pustovalov","doi":"10.1063/10.0022560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0022560","url":null,"abstract":"This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent cooling. Of particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles, the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof, and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the environment. The goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment, their time scales, and other parameters that describe these processes. Experimental results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed, including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes, how temperature influences the optical properties, and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser pulses. Experimental studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are considered. Nanothermometry methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered, including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles, Raman spectroscopy, the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle, and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated nanoparticle. Understanding the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of nanoparticles. The application fields for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed, including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles, thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence, electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles, and optothermal chemical catalysis. Applications of the laser heating of nanoparticles in laser nanomedicine are of particular interest. Significant emphasis is given to the proposed analytical approaches to modeling and calculating the heating processes under the action of a laser pulse on metal nanoparticles, taking into account the temperature dependences of the parameters. The proposed models can be used to estimate the parameters of lasers and nanoparticles in the various application fields for the laser heating of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear phenomena in vibrations of embedded carbon nanotubes conveying viscous fluid","authors":"Reza Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1063/10.0022561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0022561","url":null,"abstract":"Various nonlinear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos in the responses of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are recognized as being major contributors to the inaccuracy and instability of nanoscale mechanical systems. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to predict the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a CNT conveying viscous fluid and supported on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The proposed model is based on nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The Galerkin method and perturbation analysis are used to discretize the partial differential equation of motion and obtain the frequency-response equation, respectively. A detailed parametric study is reported into how the nonlocal parameter, foundation coefficients, fluid viscosity, and amplitude and frequency of the external force influence the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Subharmonic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors and hardening nonlinearity are revealed by means of the vibration time histories, frequency-response curves, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, power spectra, and Poincaré maps. Also, the results show that it is possible to eliminate irregular motion in the whole range of external force amplitude by selecting appropriate parameters.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"68 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions based on microscopic vision in precision assembly","authors":"Yawei Li, Xiaodong Wang, Tao Wang, Yi Luo","doi":"10.1063/10.0022172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0022172","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic vision has been widely applied in precision assembly. To achieve sufficiently high resolution in measurements for precision assembly when the sizes of the parts involved exceed the field of view of the vision system, an image mosaic technique must be used. In this paper, a method for constructing an image mosaic with non-overlapping areas with enhanced efficiency is proposed. First, an image mosaic model for the part is created using a geometric model of the measurement system installed on a X-Y-Z precision stages with high repeatability, and a path for image acquisition is established. Second, images are captured along the same path for a specified calibration plate, and an entire image is formed based on the given model. The measurement results obtained from the specified calibration plate are utilized to identify mosaic errors and apply compensation for the part requiring measurement. Experimental results show that the maximum error is less than 4 μm for a camera with pixel equivalent 2.46 μm, thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed method. This image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions can simplify image acquisition and reduce the workload involved in constructing an image mosaic.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135286436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress distribution variations during nanoindentation failure of hard coatings on silicon substrates","authors":"Ritambhara Dash, Kushal Bhattacharyya, Arnab S. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1063/10.0022175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0022175","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding quality inspection of technologically important nanocomposite hard coatings based on Ti, B, Si, C, and N and bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite that are used in small-scale high-precision devices and bio-implants, it is essential to study the failure mechanisms associated with nanoindentation, such as fracture, delamination, and chipping. The stress imposed by the indenter can affect the fracture morphology and the interfacial fracture energy, depending on indenter shape, substrate type, crystallographic properties, pre-existing flaws, internal micro-cracks, and pre-strain. Reported here are finite-element-based fracture studies that provide insights into the different cracking mechanisms related to the aforementioned failure process, showing that the fracture morphology is affected by the interaction of different cracking events. The interfacial fracture energy, toughness, and residual stress are calculated using existing models with minor adjustments, and it is found that increasing the indenter sharpness improves the shear stress distribution, making the coating more prone to separation. Depending on the prevailing type of stress, the stress distribution beneath the depression results in either crack formation or a dislocation pile-up leading to strain hardening. Different forms of resistances resulting from the indentation process are found to affect the tip–sample conduction, and because of its stronger induced plasticity than that of a Berkovich indenter tip, a sharper cube-corner tip produces more resistance.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomotion of bacteria to determine metabolic profile","authors":"S. N. Pleskova, E. V. Lazarenko, N. A. Bezrukov, R. N. Kriukov, A. V. Boryakov, M. E. Dokukin, S. I. Surodin","doi":"10.1063/10.0022171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0022171","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to their visible motion such as swimming (e.g., with the help of flagella), bacteria can also exhibit nanomotion that is detectable only with highly sensitive instruments, and this study shows that it is possible to detect bacterial nanomotion using an AFM detection system. The results show that the nanomotion characteristics depend on the bacterial strain, and that nanomotion can be used to sense the metabolic activity of bacteria because the oscillations are sensitive to the food preferences of the bacteria and the type of surrounding medium.","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":" 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}