Behavioral and neural biology最新文献

{"title":"Context and tone conditioning are selectively impaired by ethanol in the preweanling rat: Effects of dose and time of administration","authors":"David L. McKinzie ,&nbsp;Jieun Lee,&nbsp;Jamie H. Bronfen,&nbsp;Linda P. Spear,&nbsp;Norman E. Spear","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80018-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80018-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depending on dose and task requirements, ethanol can have either a facilitative or an impairing influence on learning. Some explanations for this dichotomy have considered ethanol's suppression of behavioral variability and processing of incidental stimuli (e.g., context). The present study examined the effect of ethanol on context and conditioned stimulus (CS) learning in the preweanling rat. To assess state-dependent effects, a drug dissociation design was used. Learning to both context and CS were analyzed within each dose of ethanol (0, 1.2, 1.6, or 2.0 g/kg) and a trend analysis was conducted to determine dose-response relationships as a function of train-test state. The 1.2 g/kg dose of ethanol did not affect conditioning to either the context or the CS. A 1.6 g/kg dose tended to disrupt context, but not CS, conditioning. The influence of 2.0 g/kg ethanol depended on train-test conditions. Ethanol administration prior to training resulted in the stronger impairment of CS learning while context conditioning was most disrupted if ethanol was given only prior to testing. The results suggest that ethanol selectively attenuates processing of stimuli, possibly dependent on relative saliency at the time of testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 3","pages":"Pages 201-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80018-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color learning and memory in honey bees are not affected by protein synthesis inhibition","authors":"Susanne Wittstock ,&nbsp;Randolf Menzel","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80020-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80020-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of protein synthesis was tested for memory formation after color learning in honey bees. Free flying bees were trained to a feeding place. Before the color conditioning started, foragers accustomed to flying to the feeding place received an injection of either cycloheximide in bee ringer or bee ringer alone into the brain. Afterward, the animals were trained appetitively to a specific colored target by three training trials. During the test situation, two targets with different colors and no reward were presented. The choice behavior toward the two targets was evaluated. The first test immediately followed the last trial, the second test 24 h later. A comparison between cycloheximide- and ringer-injected bees showed no significant difference in choice behavior in either test. Although the injection of cycloheximide causes the inhibition of protein synthesis (&gt;95%) for a period of 3 h, the memory for the learned color signal is not affected. These results corroborate those found for the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex in bees (Wittstock, Kaatz, &amp; Menzel, 1993, Menzel, Gaio, Gerberding, Nemrava, &amp; Wittstock, 1993).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 3","pages":"Pages 224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80020-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of alcohol abuse and alcoholism in adolescents: A case for developing animal models","authors":"Ellen D. Witt","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80015-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80015-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews the ontogeny of neurotransmitter systems and neuropharmacological challenge within transmitter systems and discusses the actions of alcohol on such systems during the juvenile through adolescent periods. To place the animal research within the context of human development, an attempt is made to first examine some fundamental principles of developmental research as they relate to the adolescent period. Evidence presented from animal studies indicates that unique neurochemical and behavioral changes are occurring during postnatal development, including adolescence, that could mediate the response to alcohol. The limited number of studies on the neurochemical and behavioral response to alcohol during adolescence has employed rats and has been restricted by the relatively brief adolescent period in that species. While one alternative is to use primates, it is suggested that innovative behavioral paradigms be developed for adolescent animals in other species to study behaviors such as alcohol self-administration or alcohol stimulus discrimination. It is also suggested that existing behavioral models that are more easily adapted to younger age ranges (e.g., conditioned place preference, conditioned taste aversion, thermal response to ethanol) be extended to make ontogenetic comparisons through adolescence and adulthood. This may further our understanding of alcohol's immediate consequences during each maturational stage and, more important, the contribution of early alcohol exposure to excessive drinking and abnormal cognitive and social functioning during subsequent stages of development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 3","pages":"Pages 168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80015-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18855706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and experience lead to increased volume of subcompartments of the honeybee mushroom body","authors":"Cordula Durst,&nbsp;Stefan Eichmüller,&nbsp;Randolf Menzel","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80025-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80025-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mushroom bodies of insects are believed to be involved in higher order sensory integration and learning. In the honeybee, the mushroom body can be separated into three different, modality-specific input compartments and several morphologically inseparable output regions. By means of morphometric analysis we show that the volumes of these subcompartments depend on both the age of the adult bee and its experience. For the most part a significant, age-dependent increase in neuropile volume is observed. Additionally, the olfactory and visual input regions show expierence-related differences. Unlike other subcompartments, the visual input region does not change in volume with age, but only with experience. We thus suggest that experience is an important factor in the structural development of higher order brain regions of an insect, the honeybee.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 3","pages":"Pages 259-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80025-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author index for volume 62","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80026-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80026-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 3","pages":"Page 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80026-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91600549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed-response deficit induced by local injection of the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in young adult monkeys","authors":"Bao-Ming Li,&nbsp;Zhen-Tong Mei","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80034-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80034-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two young adult monkeys (<em>Macaca mullata</em>) were trained to perform a delayed-response task that required the monkeys to remember a cued spatial position (left or right) over a delay interval and then to make a response to the cued position. Local injection of the α₂-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (10 μg in 2 μl saline) into the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Walker's area 46 and area 9) impaired the performance of the delayed-response task, and it was without effect on the performance of the task if there was no delay between the cue and choice signals. The main performing error after injection of yohimbine was that the monkeys responded to uncued position with higher rate. Local injection of the α₁-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (10 μg in 2 μl saline) or the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (10 μg in 2 μl saline) into the same cortical areas induced no significant effect on the performance of the task. The present study suggests that prefrontal α₂-adrenoceptors play an important role in the spatial working memory in young adult monkeys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 2","pages":"Pages 134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80034-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spine morphology of neurons in the avian forebrain is affected by rearing conditions","authors":"Astrid Rollenhagen,&nbsp;Hans-Joachim Bischof","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80029-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80029-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An area of the caudal forebrain of male zebra finches, the Archi-Neostriatum caudale (ANC), which is active during arousal (Bischof &amp; Herrmann, 1986, 1988), shows rearing-dependent changes in neuron morphology (Rollenhagen &amp; Bischof, 1991). We demonstrate here that rearing conditions also affect the shape of spines of one of the four ANC neuron types. This neuron type was examined in birds reared under five different conditions-in isolation (1), caged (2), in the aviary (3), and with social contact (4) or chasing (5) after an isolation period. Our results show that social experience determines the proportion of the three types of spines (thin, mushroom, and stubby) of the investigated neuron type. Rearing conditions and short social contact also affect the spine stem length of the thin spine type. Long-term isolation results in a reduction in number and elongation of shafts of thin spines, along with an increase of stubby-and mushroom-shaped spines. Short-term social contact or arousal enhances the number of mushroom-and thin-shaped spines and reduces the length of spine stems of thin spines. We suggest that isolation prevents the ANC neuron from reaching full development. The increase of mushroom and thin spine types due to social contact indicates that the stubby-shaped spines are replaced by, or transformed into, mushroom-shaped spines, and the mushroom-shaped spines are replaced by, or transformed into, thin spines. These results confirm and extend the experimental background for our hypothesis (Rollenhagen &amp; Bischof, 1991) that social contact is necessary for development of normal morphology of ANC neurons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 2","pages":"Pages 83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80029-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of alpha-and beta-noradrenergic receptors in the effects of hippocampal vasopressinergic treatment on retrieval and relearning","authors":"Denys Metzger,&nbsp;Béatrice Alescio-Lautier,&nbsp;Bernard Soumireu-Mourat","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80030-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80030-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochemical investigations show that vasopressin interacts with noradrenalin to potentiate noradrenalin-induced accumulation of cyclic-AMP in the hippocampus, via the beta-adrenergic receptors. We previously showed in BALB/c mice that the effects of vasopressin (bilaterally injected at a 25-pg dose) in the ventral hippocampus were more effective than in the dorsal hippocampus on the retrieval and relearning of a Go-No Go visual discrimination task. Considering our results and those reported by biochemical investigations, we evaluated possible noradrenergic-vasopressinergic interaction in the ventral hippocampus under our behavioral conditions. To do so, we first explored the effects of propranolol and phentolamine, antagonists of beta- and alpha-adrenergic receptors, respectively. Second, we assessed the modifications in the vasopressin-induced improvement of retrieval and relearning by pretreating the subjects with either propranolol or phentolamine. Third, we tested the treatments in a locomotor activity task to determine whether the effects demonstrated in the two preceding experiments could be partially due to locomotor alterations by the drug. The results indicated that bilateral injection of propranolol (1 μg on each side), which did not appear to affect the retention performance itself, completely blocked the enhancement of retrieval and relearning resulting from the vasopressin treatment. In contrast, bilateral injection of phentolamine (1 μg on each side), which moderately improved retrieval, enhanced the vasopressin effect. The present results lend further support to the view that both noradrenalin and vasopressin play important roles in retrieval and relearning processes. More importantly, they provide additional support for the functional interaction of the noradrenergic and vasopressinergic hippocampal systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 2","pages":"Pages 90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80030-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral effects of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice","authors":"Lisa H. Gold,&nbsp;Michelle D. Brot,&nbsp;Ilham Polis,&nbsp;Richard Schroeder,&nbsp;Antoinette Tishon,&nbsp;Juan-Carlos de la Torre,&nbsp;Michael B.A. Oldstone,&nbsp;George F. Koob","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80031-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80031-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a nonlytic murine virus that provides a valuable model system for studying the behavioral correlates of CNS viral infection. Newborn or immunosuppressed mice infected with LCMV develop a persistent tolerant infection characterized by continuous viral production. Virus can be found in various body organs including lung, liver, kidney, and brain. In brain, neurons are the predominant CNS cells infected and the greatest number of persistently infected neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, other limbic structures and parts of the hypothalamus. Despite continuous infection throughout the animal's life, neurons show no structural injury or dropout. Mice from the DBA/2J strain were infected with LCMV (1000 plaque-forming units) within 18 h of birth and tested for behavioral function as adults. Plaque assays indicated persistent infection in virus-injected mice. Mice were tested for their ability to learn a Y-maze spatial discrimination to avoid the onset of a mild footshock (0.43 mA). The number of correct avoidance responses made during training was taken as a measure of acquisition performance. The virus-infected mice showed a deficit in acquisition of the Y-maze discrimination compared to that seen in vehicle-injected and noninjected controls. Following additional training to reach control levels of performance, the infected mice and the controls were injected with the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. Scopolamine (2.0 mg/kg) disrupted the performance of the infected mice significantly more than control performance, suggesting that a cholinergic dysfunction accounted for some of the learning deficit. A separate group of virus-infected mice exhibited hypoactivity during the first exposure to a locomotor testing apparatus. Scopolamine (2.0 mg/kg) produced locomotor hyperactivity in all three groups compared to saline, whereas a lower scopolamine dose, 0.3 mg/kg, produced hyperactivity selectively in the virus-infected mice. Overall, our results indicate that LCMV infection causes pronounced behavioral effects and an increased sensitivity to cholinergic antagonists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 2","pages":"Pages 100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80031-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesions of supracallosal or infracallosal hippocampal pathways in the rat: Behavioral, neurochemical, and histochemical effects","authors":"H. Jeltsch ,&nbsp;J.C. Cassel ,&nbsp;R. Jackisch ,&nbsp;B. Neufang ,&nbsp;P.L. Greene ,&nbsp;C. Kelche ,&nbsp;G. Hertting ,&nbsp;B. Will","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80033-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80033-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Long-term</em> behavioral and neurochemical effects of bilateral lesions to only the infracallosal component of the “so-called” septohippocampal pathways (cingular bundle, fimbria and fornix) have not been assessed. This experiment compared the behavioral, histochemical and neurochemical effects of supracallosal (SUPRA; cingular bundle) and infracallosal (INFRA; fimbria-fornix) hippocampal denervations in Long-Evans female rats. The rats were tested, over two periods (8–52 and 92–170 days postlesion), for open field locomotion, spontaneous alternation and radial-maze performance. Subsequently, histochemical or neurochemical determinations of cholinergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic hippocampal innervations were performed using acetylcholinesterasestaining, determination of high-affinity synaptosomal uptake of choline and serotonin, and measurement of hippocampal serotonin and noradrenaline concentrations by HPLC methods. Whatever behavioral test was considered, no significant effect was found in rats with SUPRA lesions, whereas rats with INFRA lesions were permanently impaired in all tests. Histochemical and neurochemical analyses showed hippocampal cholinergic as well as serotonergic markers to be substantially decreased in INFRA rats as compared to SHAM and SUPRA rats. The SUPRA rats exhibited a weak but significant reduction of both serotonergic and noradrenergic markers compared to SHAM and INFRA rats. These results suggest that lesions limited to the infracallosal pathway induce a hippocampal denervation sufficient to account for most of the behavioral, histochemical and neurochemical deficits classically reported following extensive lesions of the anterior hippocampal connections. Since the behavioral and neurochemical deficits were found to be lasting, it is suggested that bilateral infracallosal damage to the septohippocampal pathways might constitute an interesting <em>paradigm of partial hippocampal deafferentation</em> to investigate the effects of neural grafts or other treatments in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 2","pages":"Pages 121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80033-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18988573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}