Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Female Patients With Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Narges Karimi, Ozra Akha, Javad Rezaiefard","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3578.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3578.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. There are several factors that influence the severity of CTS. The purpose of this study was to explore the severity of CTS in hypothyroid patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in the university clinic. Seventy-six participants with a clinically and electrophysiological confirmed diagnosis of CTS were included in the study. The demographic data and severity of CTS were analyzed based on the presence (n=38) or the absence (n=38) of primary hypothyroid disease. Thirty-eight hypothyroid patients who were being treated were included in this study. For the assessment of the severity of CTS, the Boston questionnaire (BCTQ) and electrodiagnostic tests were used. For data analysis, an independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were carried out. A P<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of hypothyroid and non-hypothyroid CTS patients was 46.21±7.22 and 44.24±8.02 years, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was >30 kg/m² in both groups. There was no significant difference in demographic data among the two groups. The mean score of symptom severity in hypothyroid and non-hypothyroid-CTS patients were 30.37±10.84 and 35.89±7.19, and also functional status was 21.71±9.04 and 25.92±6.62, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups, in terms of symptom severity scale (P=0.017, 95% CI, 31.14%, 35.48%) and functional status scale (P=0.023, 95% CI, 21.95%, 25.67%). In terms of electrophysiological findings, there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study indicated that, contrary to expectation, the severity of CTS is higher in non-hypothyroid patients than in hypothyroid patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72627322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Opium Versus Methadone on Polysomnographic Characteristics of Patients With Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome.","authors":"Babak Amra, Hossein Narimani, Forogh Soltaninejad, Mehrzad Salmasi, Marjan Mansourian, Thomas Penzel, Christoph Schöbel, Ingo Fietze","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3901.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3901.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are studies about polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of patients with either obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) or addiction. We aimed to investigate the PSG characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with opium addiction, those on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), and non-addicts for the treatment of addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 75 patients with OHS in the Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center affiliated with the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences between January 2020 and February 2021. The patients were categorized into three groups: Opium addicts (OA), MMT, and non-addicts (NA). All patients completed screening questionnaires for OSA. This included the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), stop-bang questionnaire, and Berlin questionnaire and the data analyzed by SPSS software, version 24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 75 OHS patients (54 men [72%] and 21 women [28%]) were studied in three groups, including OA (n=30), MMT (n=15), and NA (n=30). The apnea hypopnea index was not significantly different between the three groups. The longest apnea duration was higher in the OA than in other groups (P=0.001). Central apnea index (P=0.01), longest hypopnea duration (P=0.04), PaCO₂ (P=0.04), and time with SpO₂<90% (T₉₀) (P=0.009) were higher in the MMT than in other groups. Furthermore, the minimum SpO₂ was lower in the MMT than in other groups (P=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some of the sleep disturbances were worse in the MMT than in the OA group. This suggests the need for further studies to compare the effects of opium and methadone on sleep in OHS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76445924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Therapeutic Targets for Amyloid-beta Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review Study.","authors":"Jaya Thomas, Samson Wilson","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3522.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3522.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of cognition and a gradual decrease in memory. Although AD is considered the most persistent form of dementia and a global concern, no complete cure or agents that can completely halt the progression of AD have been found. In the past years, significant progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular changes associated with AD, and numerous drug targets have been identified for the development of drugs for this disease. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are the major attributes of AD. Symptomatic relief is the only possible treatment available at present and a disease-modifying drug is of utmost importance. The development of drugs that can inhibit different targets responsible for the formation of plaques is a potential area in AD research. This review is not a complete list of all possible targets for AD but serves to highlight the targets related to Aβ pathology and pathways concerned with the formation of Aβ fragments. This shall serve as a prospect in the identification of Aβ plaque inhibitors and pave the strategies for newer drug treatments. Nevertheless, substantial research is done in this area but to bridle, the clinical difficulty remains a concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75174690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Neuroinflammatory miRNAs, C-reactive Protein and Alanine Aminotransferase in Hospitalization In Recovered or Not-recovered COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Reza Keikha, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Ali Jebali","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3342.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3342.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our aim was to investigate the expression of miRNAs, C-reactive protein as a blood inflammation marker, and alanine aminotransferase as a tissue inflammation marker, in recovered and not-recovered COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional project was conducted at three medical centers in Iran from December to March 2021. In total, 20 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with grade III severity and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Subsequently, the neuroinflammatory expression of miRNAs (miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181), C-reactive protein, and alanine aminotransferase was investigated during hospitalization from week 0 to week 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among COVID-19 subjects who did not recover, the expression levels of miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181 were decreased, while the levels of C-reactive protein and alanine aminotransferase increased during hospitalization. Conversely, in recovered COVID-19 subjects, the relative expression of miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181 increased and the levels of C-reactive protein and alanine aminotransferase decreased during hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression pattern of neuroinflammatory miRNAs depends on whether the COVID-19 patient is recovering or deteriorating. Their expression is downregulated in COVID-19 patients who do not recover and upregulated in those who do recover.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73551531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Role of Inhibition Control in the Relationship Between Age and Memory Changes Throughout Adulthood: An Aging Developmental Study in Iran.","authors":"Atieh Sadat Mottaghi Ghamsari, Reza Kormi-Nouri, Hossein Karsazi, Javad Hatami","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.261.3","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.261.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the age trends in various types of memory, including priming, working memory (WM), episodic memory (EM), and semantic memory (SM) from adulthood to old age, as well as the mediating role of inhibition control (IC) in the relationship between age and memory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 796 healthy adults aged between 25 and 83 years participated in this cross-sectional study. They underwent assessment using a comprehensive battery of memory tests (adapted from the Betula battery), digit span tasks (to measure WM), and the Stroop color-word test (to measure IC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scatter plot with locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) fitting line showed EM and WM declined steadily from age 25, while SM exhibited a mild increase up to age 55 followed by a decline. Priming did not show significant changes with age. Mediation analysis and bootstrap tests indicated that IC mediated the relationship between age and EM (β=-0.097, P=0.002) and between age and SM (β=-0.086, P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results showed that age affects various types of memory differently, and inhibition control plays a fundamental mediating role in explaining age-related declines in SM and EM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81107594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing PCR With High-resolution Melting Analysis for Apolipoprotein E Genotyping in Alzheimer's: A Case-control Study.","authors":"Sara Pourshaikhali, Nasrollah Saleh-Gohari, Kolsoum Saeidi, Mehrsa Fekri Soofiabadi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.206.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.206.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) genotype has a heterogeneous distribution throughout the world. The present study aimed to characterize the <i>APOE</i> genotype (<i>rs429358</i>, <i>rs7412</i>) in healthy individuals compared with Alzheimer cases in Kerman, southeastern Iran, by two standard mutation scanning methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 90 Alzheimer patients as a case group and 90 healthy individuals as a control group were examined. <i>APOE</i> genotyping was carried out using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis assay and multiplex tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS PCR) techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to Multiplex T-ARMS PCR, HRM analysis was not efficient in rs7412 genotyping. The results of multiplex T-ARMS showed that <i>ɛ2ɛ3</i> genotype (P=0.006, odd ratio [OR]=0.119) and <i>ɛ2</i> allele (P=0.004, OR=0.129) were more prevalent in the control group compared with the case ones, whereas <i>ɛ4</i> allele was associated with borderline risk of Alzheimer disease (P=0.099, OR=1.76).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that Multiplex T-ARMS PCR could be considered as a better option than HRM analysis for <i>APOE</i> genotyping in terms of speed, accuracy, simplicity, and cheapness in large-scale use. Also, the present study revealed that <i>ɛ2 ɛ3</i> genotype and <i>ɛ2</i> allele are protective against Alzheimer whereas the <i>ɛ4</i> allele cannot be strongly considered as Alzheimer genetic risk factor in Kerman, Iran. The results may help to choose a better technique for <i>APOE</i> genotyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75713417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study Over Brain Connectivity Network of Parkinson's Patients, Using Nonparametric Bayesian Model.","authors":"Fatemeh Pourmotahari, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Nasrin Borumandnia, Naghmeh Khadembashi, Keyvan Olazadeh, Hamid Alavimajd","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3217.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.3217.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts functional brain networks. Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with changes in brain communication patterns. Resting-state functional connectivity studies can distinguish the topological structure of Parkinson patients from healthy individuals by analyzing patterns between different regions of the brain. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the brain topological features and functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson disease, using a Bayesian approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of this study were downloaded from the open neuro site. These data include resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of 11 healthy individuals and 11 Parkinson patients with mean ages of 64.36 and 63.73, respectively. An advanced nonparametric Bayesian model was used to evaluate topological characteristics, including clustering of brain regions and correlation coefficient of the clusters. The significance of functional relationships based on each edge between the two groups was examined through false discovery rate (FDR) and network-based statistics (NBS) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain connectivity results showed a major difference in terms of the number of regions in each cluster and the correlation coefficient between the patient and healthy groups. The largest clusters in the patient and control groups were 26 and 53 regions, respectively, with clustering correlation values of 0.36 and 0.26. Although there are 15 common areas across the two clusters, the intensity of the functional relationship between these areas was different in the two groups. Moreover, using NBS and FDR methods, no significant difference was observed for each edge between the patient and healthy groups (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study show a different topological configuration of the brain network between the patient and healthy groups, indicating changes in the functional relationship between a set of areas of the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85358942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned Medium Derived from the Human Amniotic Membrane Prevents Brain Damage against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Three Phases, Subacute, Acute, and Chronic in a Stroke Model in Rats","authors":"Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Razavi-Toosi, Yasin Asadi, N. Aboutaleb, Masoumeh Faezi","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2023.5693.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2023.5693.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane can produce and freedom substances that have the ability to regenerate damaged tissues and contain proteins and other factors that apply via numerous major and minor mechanisms leading to increasing angiogenesis and tissue survival. The research was conducted to prove the defensive characteristics of the secretome in the face of temporary focal cerebral ischemia in mouse stroke models. Methods: Cerebral ischemia protocol in a specific area was implemented in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and then reperfusion was given for 6, 20 and 30 minutes. Within 30 minutes after the start of reperfusion, conditioned medium derived from human amniotic membrane (AMSC-CM) was poured into the right ventricle (ICV) with a dose of 0.5 microliters. Finally, the volume of the injury, cerebral tissue water, sensorimotor activity and the strength of the blood-brain barrier integrity were evaluated 24 hours after drug injection. Results: ICV injection of conditioned medium at the start of reperfusion phase considerably decrease the volume of the injury in 6, 20, and 30 hours after reperfusion compared MCAO operated group (p < 0.01), cerebral tissue water in the treatment group decreased considerably after intervention in comparison with the MCAO group in core and penumbral area not in the subcortical area (p < 0.05), Also, the Evans Blue penetration rate in all times in the core and penumbral area in AMSC-CM group considerably decreased paralleled with the MCAO group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that treatment with AMSC-CM during 6-30 h after ischemia-reperfusion insult exerts some beneficial effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings provide an important vision for more complementary research and treatment of stroke.","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Cell Colony-enhancing Factor/Visfatin in preventing High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity in an In-vitro Model of Diabetic Neuropathy.","authors":"Sarvin Jahanbani, Mehdi Khaksari, Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf, Majid Rahmati, Kobra Foroughi, Asghar Shayannia","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced toxicity has been confirmed to participates in multiple cellular pathways typical for neural deterioration. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor (Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin is a novel endogenous ligand that some studies have shown its neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that visfatin may prevent high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses properly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to both HG concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) and visfatin (50, 100, 150 ng/mL) at different time -points to determine the optimum time and dose of glucose and visfatin. To investigate the effects of visfatin on HG-induced damage in the PC12 diabetic neuropathy model, we examined ROS response, apoptosis, and autophagy using ROS detection kit, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR/Western blot, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We determined that HG concentration significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. However, visfatin treatment significantly decreased the ROS production (P<0.05) and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells (P<0.0001). Beclin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (P<0.05) and light chain 3 (Lc3)-II protein level (P<0.05) showed that the autophagy pathway is impaired by HG concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that visfatin can sufficiently decrease neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis under HG-induced toxicity.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>High glucose significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells;The autophagy pathway is impaired by high glucose;Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a failure in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) has insulin-mimetic effects. So far, no study has assessed its effects on diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, we examined the neuroprotective effects of visfatin on cell line 12 (PC12) against glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73573770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-exposure to Toluene and Noise Made Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on Some Neurotoxic Parameters in New Zealand White Rabbits.","authors":"Amirreza Abouee-Mehrizi, Masoud Motalebi Kashani, Yahya Rasoulzadeh, Ahmad Mehdipour, Nafiseh Nasirzadeh, Omid Shatouei-Gharenjeh, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan","doi":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3301.1","DOIUrl":"10.32598/bcn.2022.3301.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Numerous physical and chemical agents can induce destructive effects on the brain tissue. Noise and toluene, which are some of these harmful agents, have significant adverse effects on the brain tissue. This work aimed to investigate the neurotoxic changes induced by co-exposure to toluene and noise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly segregated into four groups, including toluene exposure, noise exposure, co-exposure to noise and toluene, and control. This in vivo study tested the neurotoxic effects of exposure to 1000 ppm toluene and 100 dB noise during two weeks (8 h/day). The serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-α (BDNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values in the brain tissue were measured. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized for brain pathological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to noise increased TAC values in the cerebral cortex. Co-exposure to toluene and noise increased the serum levels of BDNF-α. Nevertheless, exposure to noise decreased the levels of BDNF-α in serum. On the other hand, histopathological examinations using H&E staining exhibited that different signs of inflammation, such as lymphocyte infiltration, pyknosis, vacuolization, and chromatolysis were induced by exposure to noise and toluene in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and frontal section in the brain tissue. In addition, simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise induced antagonistic and synergistic changes in some neurotoxic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to noise and toluene, which caused inflammation in the brain tissue cells, could be a noticeable risk factor for the neurological system.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Exposure to noise increased total antioxidant capacity.Exposure to toluene decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor-α.Exposure to noise decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor-α.Co-exposure to noise and toluene increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor-α.Noise and toluene induced some histopathological effects on the brain tissue.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>The brain tissue can be adversely affected by various agents, including noise and toluene. This study aimed to examine the effects of simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene on the nervous system. Twenty-four healthy male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control, noise, toluene, and simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene. The study involved a two-week in-vivo experiment, subjecting the rabbits to 100 dB noise and 1000 ppm toluene for eight hours per day. This study showed that exposure to noise and toluene changed different parameters relating to the neurological system. Furthermore, noise and toluene induced some adverse effects on the brain tissue. This st","PeriodicalId":8728,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88342479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}