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Essential psychopharmacology最新文献

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Non-nicotine pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence. 尼古丁依赖的非尼古丁药物疗法。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Melissa M Dudas, Tony P George
{"title":"Non-nicotine pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence.","authors":"Melissa M Dudas,&nbsp;Tony P George","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The smoking rate for patients with schizophrenia reaches as high as 90% in clinical samples, 70% for patients with bipolar disorder, and 40% to 50% for patients with major depression and anxiety disorders. Because it is a significant health hazard, smoking should be aggressively discouraged, and, in this group of patients, a combination of behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy currently offers the best option. Nicotine provides a number of benefits, including anxiety relief, increased alertness, and improved cognitive functioning. It alters a wide range of central nervous system neurotransmitters. Unfortunately, nicotine readily establishes physiological dependence. In cessation efforts, transdermal nicotine patches and nicotine gum are helpful adjuncts. The primary FDA approved non-nicotine pharmacotherapy agent is bupropion (Zyban). Studies summarizing the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of other (off-label) agents, such as tricyclic antidepressants, MAO-Inhibitors, SSRIs, and clonidine, are cited.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 3","pages":"158-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25263923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discussion on integrated pharmacologic treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)综合药物治疗探讨。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Robert L Hendren
{"title":"Discussion on integrated pharmacologic treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Robert L Hendren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 5","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25636938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term benefits of early pharmacologic treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Interview by Frederic Flach. 阿尔茨海默病早期药物治疗的长期益处弗雷德里克·弗拉赫采访。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
M Saleem Ismail
{"title":"Long-term benefits of early pharmacologic treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Interview by Frederic Flach.","authors":"M Saleem Ismail","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 4","pages":"227-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24919148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Augmentation of standard antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic agents for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. 标准抗抑郁药与非典型抗精神病药物对治疗难治性重度抑郁症的增强作用。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
George I Papakostas
{"title":"Augmentation of standard antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic agents for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.","authors":"George I Papakostas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is not uncommon; 29% to 46% of patients with depression who are treated with antidepressants fail to respond fully. Dr. Papakostas discusses various augmentation strategies, focusing particular on a possible role for the newer atypical antipsychotics. Their complex neuropharmacological actions suggest such efficacy. One chart review and a number of open-label studies have been encouraging, but 2 double-blind, placebo controlled-studies have offered contradictory results. Considering the side-effect profiles of these drugs, a careful risk/benefit assessment is always required. While routinely used for psychotic depression and panic reactions in depressive disorders, their value as augmenters in TRD awaits further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 4","pages":"209-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24919220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validating schizotaxia and its place in studies of preventing schizophrenia by psychopharmacological intervention. 精神分裂及其在精神药物干预预防精神分裂症研究中的地位的验证。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Ming T Tsuang, William S Stone, Sarah I Tarbox, Stephen V Faraone
{"title":"Validating schizotaxia and its place in studies of preventing schizophrenia by psychopharmacological intervention.","authors":"Ming T Tsuang,&nbsp;William S Stone,&nbsp;Sarah I Tarbox,&nbsp;Stephen V Faraone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizotaxia is a stable syndrome of neuropsychological deficits and negative symptoms found in relatives of schizophrenic patients. These may represent special vulnerability to schizophrenia. Five areas of deficit are enumerated and suggestions as to the potential value of pre-illness interventions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 2","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25172207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recognizing and dealing with depression with psychosis. 认识和处理抑郁症和精神病。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Bradley N Gaynes
{"title":"Recognizing and dealing with depression with psychosis.","authors":"Bradley N Gaynes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 3","pages":"173-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25263924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inappropriate medication use in the elderly. 老年人用药不当。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Darryl S Chutka, Paul Y Takahashi, Robert W Hoel
{"title":"Inappropriate medication use in the elderly.","authors":"Darryl S Chutka,&nbsp;Paul Y Takahashi,&nbsp;Robert W Hoel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medications are commonly used in the elderly population. Because of a variety of treatments now available, many disease states now have very effective treatment. As a result, our elderly patients often take multiple medications. Due to various changes that occur, the elderly are at increased risk of adverse drug effects and drug toxicity potentially resulting in serious complications. Some medications have a greater potential to cause harm and these should be made aware to those who prescribe to elderly patients. Some of these medications should not be used if at all possible, while others, if used, need to be used with great caution, watching carefully for signs of problems. This article describes a variety of medications which have an increased potential for causing harm in elderly patients and gives alternatives of safer medications consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 6","pages":"331-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25840606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Objective measures of activity and attention in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders of childhood. 儿童精神障碍鉴别诊断中活动和注意力的客观测量。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Gianni L Faedda, Martin H Teicher
{"title":"Objective measures of activity and attention in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders of childhood.","authors":"Gianni L Faedda,&nbsp;Martin H Teicher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective measures of attention, concentration, and motor activity can be used effectively in the assessment and differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Children with BD were evaluated using actigraphy and the McLean Motion Analysis Test (M-MAT), and the results were compared with age- and gender-matched ADHD and normative data. Actigraphy indicated decreased sleep efficiency and duration with BD, with a longer latency and increased nocturnal activity. Using M-MAT clinicians were able to detect cognitive impairment and activation in children with mania, and worse-than-normal scores on measures of attention and increased levels of activity and impulsiveness in children with BD. Thus, objective measures of attention and activity can be of assistance in the differential diagnosis of ADHD and BD.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 5","pages":"239-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25636934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evidence that supports the effectiveness of certain psychopharmacologic agents and concern over the appropriate use of others. 支持某些精神药物有效性的证据以及对其他药物适当使用的关注。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Frederic Flach
{"title":"The evidence that supports the effectiveness of certain psychopharmacologic agents and concern over the appropriate use of others.","authors":"Frederic Flach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 6","pages":"vii-viii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25839736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of psychopharmacotherapy in improving the long-term outcome of schizophrenia. 精神药物治疗在改善精神分裂症长期预后中的作用。
Essential psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Danesh A Alam, Philip G Janicak
{"title":"The role of psychopharmacotherapy in improving the long-term outcome of schizophrenia.","authors":"Danesh A Alam,&nbsp;Philip G Janicak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drs. Alam and Janicak briefly review the current indications and problems associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia treatment. When called for, they may be augmented by mood stabilizers, such as lithium; antidepressants; benzodiazepines (for rapid tranquillization during agitated psychotic episodes); and stimulants, even nicotine, to improve cognition. Even though extrapyramidal side effects are less frequent and less intense that those seen with traditional antipsychotics, they do occur; the authors spell out the attributes of those patients who are most vulnerable. Clinicians should also look for weight gain and the risk of activating or aggravating type 2 diabetes in patients, as well as cardiac risk involving prolongation of the QTc interval. Because, despite of modern approaches to treatment, 80% of patients end up rehospitalized and only 1 in 3 can be said to have a good level of socialization, active measures must be taken to ensure continuity of care, monitoring for prodromal symptoms, early intervention, and psychosocial rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":87179,"journal":{"name":"Essential psychopharmacology","volume":"6 3","pages":"127-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25091017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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