Environmental biosafety research最新文献_第6页

Swedish farmers attitudes, expectations and fears in relation to growing genetically modified crops. 瑞典农民对种植转基因作物的态度、期望和恐惧。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-07-01 Epub Date: 2008-09-20 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008012

Anna Lehrman, Katy Johnson

{"title":"Swedish farmers attitudes, expectations and fears in relation to growing genetically modified crops.","authors":"Anna Lehrman, Katy Johnson","doi":"10.1051/ebr:2008012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2008012","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates a survey about Swedish farmers' attitude towards genetically modified (GM) crops, and their perception concerning potential benefits and drawbacks that cropping of an insect resistant (IR) GM variety would involve. The questions were \"tick a box\" choices, included in a yearly omnibus survey sent to 1000 Swedish farmers (68% response rate). The results showed that a majority of the farmers were negative, although almost one third claimed to be neutral to GM crops. The farmers recognized several benefits both in terms of agricultural production and for the environment, but they were also highly concerned about the consumers' unwillingness to buy GM products. Farmers perceived an increase in yield, but nearly as many farmers thought that there would be no benefits with growing an IR GM crop. Several differences in hopes and concerns of the farmers surveyed were revealed when they were divided in positive, neutral and negative groups. Farmers negative to GM were more concerned than positive farmers about IR GM crops being dangerous for humans, livestock or other organisms to consume. GM-positive farmers seemed to be most concerned about potential problems with growing a marketable crop and expensive seeds, but saw a reduced health risk to the grower, due to less use of pesticides, as a possible benefit. The results among the GM-neutral farmers were in most cases closely related to the positive farmers' choices, implying that they believe that there are advantages with growing an IR GM crop, but also fear potential drawbacks. This general uncertainty about GM IR crops may prevent them from accepting the new technology.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 3","pages":"153-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ebr:2008012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27683078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Farm questionnaires for monitoring genetically modified crops: a case study using GM maize. 监测转基因作物的农场调查问卷:一个使用转基因玉米的案例研究。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-07-01 Epub Date: 2008-09-20 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008015

Kerstin Schmidt, Ralf Wilhelm, Jörg Schmidtke, Lutz Beissner, Wenke Mönkemeyer, Petra Böttinger, Jeremy Sweet, Joachim Schiemann

{"title":"Farm questionnaires for monitoring genetically modified crops: a case study using GM maize.","authors":"Kerstin Schmidt, Ralf Wilhelm, Jörg Schmidtke, Lutz Beissner, Wenke Mönkemeyer, Petra Böttinger, Jeremy Sweet, Joachim Schiemann","doi":"10.1051/ebr:2008015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2008015","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring is a statutory requirement for the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the European Community. Questionnaires for farmers to report on observations of effects linked with the cultivation of GM crops can form a useful part of a monitoring regime. A questionnaire for GM maize (Zea mays L.) was designed, with questions focusing on potential effects related to the GM maize grown, as well as on background information about cultivation methods and on individual field situations. In this paper we present the methodological approach of the monitoring regime, the structuring of the data, and the contents and structure of the questionnaire. The statistical requirements and background for an appropriate evaluation and interpretation of the data are described. Results of interviews made from 2001 to 2005 are also presented. It is envisaged that this approach will be developed for monitoring other cultivated GM plants and traits, and may be applicable in monitoring certain non-farmed environments.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 3","pages":"163-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ebr:2008015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27682509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Trends in biotechnology and biosafety in Brazil. 巴西生物技术和生物安全趋势。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-07-01 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008013

Leda Mendonça-Hagler, Lúcia Souza, Lúcia Aleixo, Leila Oda

引用次数: 76

Risks from GMOs due to horizontal gene transfer. 基因横向转移带来的转基因风险。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-07-01 Epub Date: 2008-09-20 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008014

Paul Keese

{"title":"Risks from GMOs due to horizontal gene transfer.","authors":"Paul Keese","doi":"10.1051/ebr:2008014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2008014","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the stable transfer of genetic material from one organism to another without reproduction or human intervention. Transfer occurs by the passage of donor genetic material across cellular boundaries, followed by heritable incorporation to the genome of the recipient organism. In addition to conjugation, transformation and transduction, other diverse mechanisms of DNA and RNA uptake occur in nature. The genome of almost every organism reveals the footprint of many ancient HGT events. Most commonly, HGT involves the transmission of genes on viruses or mobile genetic elements. HGT first became an issue of public concern in the 1970s through the natural spread of antibiotic resistance genes amongst pathogenic bacteria, and more recently with commercial production of genetically modified (GM) crops. However, the frequency of HGT from plants to other eukaryotes or prokaryotes is extremely low. The frequency of HGT to viruses is potentially greater, but is restricted by stringent selection pressures. In most cases the occurrence of HGT from GM crops to other organisms is expected to be lower than background rates. Therefore, HGT from GM plants poses negligible risks to human health or the environment.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 3","pages":"123-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ebr:2008014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27683077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 152

Response to comments by DiGiovanni and Kevan on “Session V: Estimating Likelihood and Exposure”, by Zaida Lentini, Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 193–195 对DiGiovanni和Kevan关于“第五部分:估计可能性和暴露”的评论的回应，作者:Zaida Lentini, Environ。生物安全第5 (2006)193-195

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/EBR:2008009

Z. Lentini

{"title":"Response to comments by DiGiovanni and Kevan on “Session V: Estimating Likelihood and Exposure”, by Zaida Lentini, Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 193–195","authors":"Z. Lentini","doi":"10.1051/EBR:2008009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EBR:2008009","url":null,"abstract":"I would like to thank the Editor for the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in the comments made by DiGiovanni and Kevan (2008, in this issue). My paper entitled “Estimating Likelihood and Exposure”, published in Environmental Biosafety Research 5 (2006) 193–195, summarized the presentations and discussions that took placed during Session V at the 9th International Symposium on Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms, which was held at Jeju, South Korea, September 24–29, 2006. As moderator of this session, I followed a guide by the symposium organizers that included to highlight the main conclusions drawn during the session discussion and to represent the point of view of the audience, largely composed by biosafety regulators worldwide. The assessment should also address in particular the pros and cons of each model. My paper was presented as the introduction to the 5th plenary session the last day of the meeting, giving an additional opportunity for general discussion. The issues raised in the comments made by DiGiovanni and Kevan (2008, in this issue), are aimed mainly at the empirical modeling approach to pollen-mediated gene flow presented by Gustafson and his co-authors in their recently published paper (Gustafson et al., 2006).","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 1","pages":"109-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comment on "Session V: estimating likelihood and exposure", by Zaida Lentini, Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 193-195. 对Environ的Zaida Lentini的“第五部分:估计可能性和暴露”的评论。生物安全第5(2006)193-195。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 Epub Date: 2008-06-13 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008007

Franco Digiovanni, Peter G Kevan

引用次数: 2

A method to search for optimal field allocations of transgenic maize in the context of co-existence. 共存环境下转基因玉米最佳田间分配的搜索方法。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 Epub Date: 2008-04-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008004

Yann Devos, Mathias Cougnon, Olivier Thas, Dirk Reheul

{"title":"A method to search for optimal field allocations of transgenic maize in the context of co-existence.","authors":"Yann Devos, Mathias Cougnon, Olivier Thas, Dirk Reheul","doi":"10.1051/ebr:2008004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2008004","url":null,"abstract":"Spatially isolating genetically modified (GM) maize fields from non-GM maize fields is a robust on-farm measure to keep the adventitious presence of GM material in the harvest of neighboring fields due to cross-fertilizations below the European labeling threshold of 0.9%. However, the implementation of mandatory and rigid isolation perimeters can affect the farmers' freedom of choice to grow GM maize on their fields if neighboring farmers do not concur with their respective cropping intentions and crop plans. To minimize the presence of non-GM maize within isolation perimeters implemented around GM maize fields, a method was developed for optimally allocating GM maize to a particular set of fields. Using a Geographic Information System dataset and Monte Carlo analyses, three scenarios were tested in a maize cultivation area with a low maize share in Flanders (Belgium). It was assumed that some farmers would act in collaboration by sharing the allocation of all their arable land for the cultivation of GM maize. From the large number of possible allocations of GM maize to any field of the shared pool of arable land, the best field combinations were selected. Compared to a random allocation of GM maize, the best field combinations made it possible to reduce spatial co-existence problems, since at least two times less non-GM maize fields and their corresponding farmers occurred within the implemented isolation perimeters. In the selected field sets, the mean field size was always larger than the mean field size of the common pool of arable land. These preliminary data confirm that the optimal allocation of GM maize over the landscape might theoretically be a valuable option to facilitate the implementation of rigid isolation perimeters imposed by law.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 2","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27497752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Outcrossed cottonseed and adventitious Bt plants in Arizona refuges. 亚利桑那州避难所的异交棉籽和外来Bt植物。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 Epub Date: 2008-04-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008005

Shannon Heuberger, Christine Yafuso, Gloria Degrandi-Hoffman, Bruce E Tabashnik, Yves Carrière, Timothy J Dennehy

{"title":"Outcrossed cottonseed and adventitious Bt plants in Arizona refuges.","authors":"Shannon Heuberger, Christine Yafuso, Gloria Degrandi-Hoffman, Bruce E Tabashnik, Yves Carrière, Timothy J Dennehy","doi":"10.1051/ebr:2008005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2008005","url":null,"abstract":"Outcrossing of non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (L.)) in refuges by transgenic Bt cultivars could reduce the efficacy of refuges for delaying resistance in seed-feeding pests. Based on reports that outcrossing decreased as distance from Bt cotton increased in small-scale studies, we hypothesized that increasing refuge width or distance from Bt fields would reduce outcrossing. In a large-scale study in Arizona, we quantified Bt seed in refuges of experimental and commercial fields, comparing outcrossing between in-field (narrow) and external (wide) refuges and among rows of refuges at various distances from Bt fields. Some refuges, including those in tightly controlled experimental plots, contained up to 8% adventitious Bt plants. Some, but not all, Bt plants likely resulted from Bt seed in the non-Bt seed bags. We did not detect a difference in outcrossing between in-field and external refuges. However, statistical power was low because outcrossing was low (< 0.4% of seeds) in both treatments. Higher outcrossing levels (< or = 4.6% of seeds) were observed in the studies measuring outcrossing at various distances from Bt fields, yet outcrossing did not decrease as the distance from Bt fields increased. We hypothesize that Bt plants in refuges cross-pollinated surrounding non-Bt plants, overshadowing the expected association between distance from Bt fields and outcrossing.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27495624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Response to comments by DiGiovanni and Kevan on "Session V: Estimating Likelihood and Exposure", by Zaida Lentini, Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 193-195 对DiGiovanni和Kevan关于“第五部分:估计可能性和暴露”的评论的回应，作者:Zaida Lentini, Environ。生物安全第5 (2006)193-195

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/EBR:2008008

D. Gustafson

{"title":"Response to comments by DiGiovanni and Kevan on \"Session V: Estimating Likelihood and Exposure\", by Zaida Lentini, Environ. Biosafety Res. 5 (2006) 193-195","authors":"D. Gustafson","doi":"10.1051/EBR:2008008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EBR:2008008","url":null,"abstract":"DiGiovanni and Kevan (2008, Environ. Biosafety Res. 7 : 105–108) commented extensively on the empirical approach that I and my co-authors took in our previous modeling of pollen-mediated gene flow in maize (Gustafson et al. (2006) Crop Sci. 46 : 2133–2140). As we detailed in that original paper, gene flow is a highly complex process that necessarily requires at least some level of empiricism in order to adequately quantify all of the biological, meteorological, and physical phenomena that are involved. DiGiovanni and Kevan favor a mechanistic modeling approach, and they proposed a number of potential advantages for such a method over our entirely empirical technique. However, the 20 m buffers we had proposed based on our empirical model continue to be supported by the rapidly growing body of experimental data on maize gene flow that has now been collected in Europe and elsewhere around the world. This does not mean there is no place for mechanistic modeling of gene flow, but it does suggest that properly implemented empirical approaches have a valid role to play. They offer a degree of simplicity and practical utility that is not available from more complicated approaches.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"7 1","pages":"111-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The biosafety policy on genetically modified organisms in Turkey. 土耳其转基因生物的生物安全政策。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2008010

Melike Baran, Remziye Yilmaz

引用次数: 6