Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Effect of nerolidol on seizure and oxidative brain damage induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice.","authors":"Seyed Hesam Hojjat, Fatemeh Rasouli, Farzaneh Shakeri","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825524","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nerolidol, a natural sesquiterpene alcohol found in essential oils, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, its effects on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure and associated oxidative brain damage remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of nerolidol on PTZ-induced seizures in mice and to investigate its impact on oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in the hippocampus and cortex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male mice were divided into 5 groups: control, PTZ, and PTZ pretreated with nerolidol (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, orally) 30 minutes before PTZ administration. Seizure activity was assessed by measuring latencies to minimal clonic seizures (MCSs) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs). After a behavioral evaluation, hippocampal and cortical tissues were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CT), and total thiol content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nerolidol significantly increased MCS and GTCS latencies compared with the PTZ group. In the hippocampus, all doses reduced MDA levels, while in the cortex this effect was observed at 50 and 100 mg/kg. Nitric oxide metabolites were decreased by the two higher doses in both brain regions. The PTZ-induced reductions in SOD and CT activities were reversed by nerolidol at all doses, and total thiol levels were restored at 50 and 100 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nerolidol exhibits anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects on PTZ-induced seizures, likely mediated by reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease in Brazil: equity, timing, and systems-level responsibility.","authors":"Renato Puppi Munhoz","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1824559","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1824559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Doppler findings in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Marcella Barreto Santos, Ana Flávia Silveira, João Brainer Clares de Andrade, Eva Carolina Rocha, Fabiano Moulin de Moraes, Hanna Nery Ferraz Martins, Daniela Laranja Gomes Rodrigues, Gisele Sampaio Silva","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825526","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a diagnostic tool to detect real-time spontaneous microembolic signals (MESs) in intracranial circulation. Critically-ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may present an increased likelihood of MESs due to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the presence of MESs and other TCD parameters, including cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), pulsatility, and resistance indices, and to calculate the estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (eCPP) in patients with and without COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TCD monitoring was performed for 1 hour in both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of adult patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The eCPP was calculated by multiplying the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by the ratio of end-diastolic velocity to mean CBFV, then adding 14 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated 31 subjects: 11 intubated COVID-19 patients, 10 non-intubated COVID-19 patients, and 10 intubated non-COVID-19 patients. Patient ages ranged from 29 to 84 (median: 62; interquartile range [IQR]: 50-70) years, with 64.5% being male individuals. A total of 17 (54.8%) subjects died during hospitalization, and 2 patients (6.45%) lacked an ultrasonographic signal via the transtemporal window. No MESs were detected. A positive correlation was found between the resistance index of MCAs (<i>p</i> = 0.390) and D-dimer (<i>p</i> = 0.049). In contrast, direct bilirubin (<i>p</i> = -0.494), C-reactive protein (CRP; <i>p</i> = -0.540), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; <i>p</i> = -0.495), and D-dimer (<i>p</i> = -0.439) were negatively correlated with eCPP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No spontaneous cerebral microemboli were observed in this cohort, but patients with higher direct bilirubin, CRP, aPTT, and D-dimer presented lower eCPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Electrophysiological and Biochemical Evaluations of Neuropathy Risk in Oral Levodopa versus Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment\".","authors":"Kishankumar Mahida, Snehal Rajendra Jagtap","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825519","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral change: from neurobiology to behavioral-change theories and back - part 1.","authors":"Conrado Regis Borges, Fabiano Moulin de Moraes, Marcelo Youngblood, Felipe Chaves Duarte Barros, Nancy Huang, Marcos Christiano Lange","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825762","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Behavioral change remains challenging despite a vast body of evidence linking health behaviors with several health outcomes. Over the past few decades, various health-behavior change theories and techniques have emerged, leading to significant advances in the field. However, although some existing theories provide competent models to structure behavioral-change approaches, they do not provide a unified neurobiological foundation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To outline the connections between neuroscientific foundations and behavioral-change theories and to provide an overarching neuroscientific perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a structured narrative review based on data retrieved from major biomedical databases and authoritative neuroscience textbooks to integrate neuroscience data with behavioral-change theories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe the neuroscience of behavior from neuroanatomical to neurophysiological mechanisms, emphasizing four brain systems: the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the mesocorticolimbic system, and the prefrontal cortex. Finally, we integrate these mechanisms with a neuroscience-based motivational theory called the Behavior Change Resource Model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present work integrates established neurobiological knowledge and behavioral-change theories, providing a framework to link theory and health-behavior interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological impact of being a caregiver to children with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.","authors":"Danilo Assis Pereira, Flávia Mariana Borges Montalvão Marques, Isabella Allegretti, Elaine Henna","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825515","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caring for children with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), a rare and progressive degenerative disease, can compromise mental health and consequently affect the quality of care given; however, there are no studies addressing this issue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study mental health, focusing on anxiety, depression, hopelessness, quality of life, and sleep patterns among Brazilian caregivers of children with INAD, identifying associations among the variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 20 caregivers of children with INAD in a cross-sectional study using the following self-report questionnaires: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Beck Hopelessness Inventory, World Health Organization Quality of Life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. We calculated the prevalence of psychological symptoms, and for the analyses of correlations among anxiety, depression, hopelessness, life quality, sleep quality, sociodemographic, and INAD symptoms, a Pearson's correlation test was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers exhibited high levels of mental distress: 95% were depressed, 75% anxious, and all reported some degree of hopelessness. The quality-of-life scores were lowest in the psychological domain, and poor sleep quality was predominant. The correlation analysis uncovered that onset of physical decline in children appeared to be the most pervasive factor associated with mental suffering within our sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Providing care for children with INAD is associated with severe psychological challenges, particularly in the early stages of the disease. These findings highlight the importance of early psychological screening and structured psychosocial interventions to support caregiver's wellbeing and enhance caregiving capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile and outcomes of Parkinson's disease deep brain stimulation in a public tertiary center in Brazil: retrospective cohort.","authors":"Juan Sebastián Sánchez-León, Alexandre Baldissera, Giovana Zazo Guidio, Ingrid Lorena da Silva Gomes, Eduardo Drews Amorim, Leonardo Bedatti Koehler, Thomas Hugentobler Schlickmann, Thais Lampert Monte, Gabriela Magalhães Pereira, Paulo Petry Oppitz, Eduardo Goellner, Carlos Roberto de Mello Rieder, Artur Francisco Schumacher Schuh, Bruno Samuel Fraiman de Oliveira, Daniel Teixeira Dos Santos","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825523","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but, in Latin America, access remains restricted, and local data are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the demographic, clinical, and procedural profile, as well as the treatment outcomes and perioperative complications, of patients undergoing DBS at a Brazilian reference center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study including 101 patients with PD who underwent bilateral DBS implantation between 2012 and 2024 at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, within the public healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at surgery was of 62.2 years; 63.4% of the patients were male. The mean ages at symptom onset, diagnosis, DBS indication, and surgery were of 43.1, 45.7, 54.5, and 56.7 years respectively. On average, the patients presented 10.9 years of disease duration when surgery was performed. Motor fluctuations (53.5%) and dyskinesias (41.6%) were the most common indications. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) was the predominant target (97%). Mild complications included wound infection (7.9%), while severe complications, such as lead migration, intracranial hemorrhage, or deep infection occurred in 6.9%. Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was the primary outcome used to assess postoperative change; it was significantly reduced by ∼ 25% after DBS, from 1,885.6 to 1,406.7 mg at 12 months (Wilcoxon <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the cohort of the present study, DBS was safe and enabled a sustained reduction in dopaminergic medication during follow-up. Despite these benefits, delays in surgery, limited access through the public health system, and device-availability issues continue to limit broader implementation, highlighting persistent structural inequalities in Latin America.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing myasthenia gravis management in practice: integrating clinical scales and classification systems.","authors":"José Pedro Soares Baima, Caio César Diniz Disserol, Eduardo Braga de Oliveira, Natália Merten Athayde, Lara Albuquerque de Brito, Hermany Capistrano Freitas, Cleonisio Leite Rodrigues","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1817031","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1817031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Fatigability and fluctuations are hallmarks of the disease, posing a challenge: evaluation through a single physical examination may not reflect disease control. A shift towards patient-reported Outcomes is a new paradigm in the current practice, and these outcomes are usually assessed through validated scales. In the present paper, we discuss some of the most used scales in the clinical practice, such as the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) scale, the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale, and the 15-Item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life (MG-QOL15) scale. Definitions of remission, minimal manifestation, high-burden disease, highly-active disease, and others are reviewed, and correlations involving these definitions and the scales are presented. Guidance on how to assess disease severity, therapeutic response, and a rationale for treatment escalation are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13301289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148326143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Letter on: \"Electrophysiological and Biochemical Evaluations of Neuropathy Risk in Oral Levodopa versus Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment\".","authors":"Miray Erdem, Bugra Selluncak, Mehmet Balal, Halit Fidanci, Meltem Demirkiran","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825517","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148975573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epilepsy and amygdalar enlargement: cause or consequence?","authors":"Cristian Hardaman, Luis Ariel Miquelini, Federico Sánchez González, Juliana Belvel Fernandes Lastoria, Yemina Soledad Neme Segura, Ignacio Lagger, Oscar Martínez","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1825522","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1825522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The amygdala is a central structure of the limbic system. For several decades, volumetric asymmetries of the amygdala have been described, initially associated with psychiatric disorders. In epilepsy, a growing literature highlights the distinctive features of amygdala enlargement (AE), considering that since its original description, diagnosis has been primarily radiological. The objective of the present work is to demonstrate, through reviews of existing academic publications and through our experience, that its function goes beyond imaging, contemplating a defined clinical, electrographic, and histopathological pattern that responds to both medical and surgical treatment. Therefore, it would be an entity that extends beyond a reactive phenomenon. In conclusion, AE would be a specific syndrome defined with particular characteristics that extends beyond a reactive mechanism secondary to adjacent epileptogenic networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"84 6","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13368397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}