Autoimmunity reviews最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis: How can we manage it?","authors":"Fabiola Atzeni ,&nbsp;Javier Rodríguez-Carrio ,&nbsp;Alessandra Alciati ,&nbsp;Angelo Tropea ,&nbsp;Antonio Marchesoni","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is now widely recognized that patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared with the general population. A number of factors contribute to this increased risk. Skin and articular inflammation have been shown to be independently associated with CVD in PsA patients. Metabolic syndrome and all its components are significantly more frequent in PsA patients than in healthy populations. Depression, which is not uncommon in psoriatic subjects, seems to increase the CV risk. Finally, corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are often used for the treatment of PsA, have a well-known pro-atherosclerotic effect.</div><div>Therefore, in PsA patients the CV risk should be regularly estimated, using validated scoring instruments and appropriate techniques of vascular assessment when needed. Instrument choice and usefulness in PsA populations are still under debate. Patients at high risk should be treated addressing all the risk factors and tightly monitored. Abrogation or, at least, reduction of skin and articular inflammation, appropriate treatment of the metabolic abnormalities, and modifications of unhealthy life habits are the measures that can substantially improve the CV outcome of the patients with PsA. Cooperation of different specialists may be needed to optimize the management of the individual patient. Artificial intelligence applications, novel biomarkers and new care approaches, including treatment strategies and decision-making processes, may be considered in the PsA setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 11","pages":"Article 103889"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of health and disparities across the Patient pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a narrative review","authors":"Daniel Guimarães de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Zoe Karakikla-Mitsakou ,&nbsp;Lena Koskina ,&nbsp;Laurent Arnaud","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease with significant heterogeneity in its presentation and progression. Social determinants of health (SDH), including socioeconomic factors, health literacy and access to care, among others, can shape SLE outcomes. This review explores the impact and interaction of these factors across the entire lupus patient pathway – from presentation to therapeutic management and outcomes - and proposes targeted solutions to improve health equity and patient outcomes in SLE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Narrative review, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies published in the last decade, focusing on SDH influencing SLE outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SDH were found to consistently influence the entirety of the SLE patient pathway. Lupus patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds experience increased diagnostic delay, worse damage accrual and higher mortality rates. Health literacy emerged as a critical factor, with tailored educational interventions shown to improve therapeutic adherence. Geographic disparities were also significant, with persons living in rural areas reporting reduced access to specialist care compared to urban counterparts. Interventions addressing financial barriers, transportation assistance and remote healthcare options demonstrated potential to improve access and outcomes. Additional approaches are proposed, that take into account the intersection of multiple vulnerabilities, their correlation and their interaction with individual lupus characteristics, which result in cumulative effects on disease severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Social determinants of health have a profound and measurable impact on SLE outcomes, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches to reduce disparities. Evidence supports targeted interventions aimed at answering local and individual patient contexts, but also multi-level policy changes that address the complexity of these determinants' intersections, to reduce disparities and improve lupus patient outcomes overall. Further studies are critically needed to understand the broader geographic and cultural implications of these social determinants, and longitudinal research should prioritize evaluating the implementation and scalability of strategies addressing these factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103887"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring vaccine safety and adverse events in major autoimmune diseases","authors":"Shabnam Sodagari ,&nbsp;Nassim Sodagari","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates post-vaccination adverse events by analyzing a large dataset of patients with major autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto’s <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>26</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>330</mn></mrow></math></span>; Rheumatoid Arthritis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>251</mn></mrow></math></span>; psoriasis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>589</mn></mrow></math></span>; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>208</mn></mrow></math></span>; Inflammatory Bowel Disease <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>831</mn></mrow></math></span>; type 1 diabetes <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>235</mn></mrow></math></span>; vasculitis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>466</mn></mrow></math></span>; Guillain-Barré Syndrome <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>185</mn></mrow></math></span>; Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>623</mn></mrow></math></span>; ankylosing spondylitis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>926</mn></mrow></math></span>; Sjögren’s syndrome <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>269</mn></mrow></math></span>; psoriatic arthritis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>355</mn></mrow></math></span>; polymyositis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>169</mn></mrow></math></span>; dermatomyositis <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>130</mn></mrow></math></span>. Our objective is not to refute the importance of vaccines, but to raise awareness about potential risks observed in autoimmune patients by analyzing CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) data. The sex distribution analysis in vaccine adverse events highlights a consistent female predominance across most autoimmune conditions. We designed machine learning predictive classification models by identifying key predictors to predict severe adverse events (hospitalization or death) following vaccination based on clinical and demographic predictors including age, sex, vaccine type, dose series, and vaccine route. Our models identified distinct risk profiles for severe events across diseases. Example AUC values ranged from 0.90 for dermatomyositis and GBS to 0.98 for Psoriatic Arthritis with accuracy 96% observed for ankylosing spondylitis. Vasculitis and Sjögren’s showed peak precision scores, while polymyositis showed peak recall (97%). Moreover, the reported adverse events in the first week and after the 6th week of vaccine administration are one order of magnitude larger than reported incidents in other time intervals for all diseases. Understanding these differences can inform safer vaccination strategies. We recognize the essential public health role of vaccines and underscore the importance of vigilant post-vaccination monitoring in autoimmune populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103857"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast and gynecological cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta-analysis of cohort studies","authors":"Yuejie Lu ,&nbsp;Hejing Pan ,&nbsp;Chengping Wen ,&nbsp;Lin Huang ,&nbsp;Xuanlin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the risk of breast and gynecological cancers through a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analyses were performed, with separate analyses for standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analyses, publication bias assessment using funnel plots and Egger's regression test, and subgroup analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis found no significant association between SLE and risk of breast cancer (SIR = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.64–1.11), I² = 97.8 %, <em>P</em> = 0.000) or ovarian cancer (SIR = 0.96, 95 % CI 0.72–1.28, I² = 60.9 %, <em>P</em> = 0.003). However, a significant increase in uterine cancer risk was observed (SIR = 1.41, 95 % CI 1.09–1.82, I² = 94.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.000). The strongest association was found for vaginal/vulvar cancer (SIR = 3.61, 95 % CI 2.41–5.41, I² = 66.6 %, <em>P</em> = 0.006). Subgroup analyses indicated significant regional variations. European patients showed reduced breast cancer risk (SIR = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.57–0.94), while no significant association was observed in Asian or North American populations. Patients from developed countries had lower ovarian cancer risk than those from developing countries (SIR = 0.82, 95 % CI 0.59–1.60).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SLE is associated with an increased risk of uterine and vaginal/vulvar cancers, but not with breast or ovarian cancers. Subgroup analyses reveal regional differences in the relationship between SLE and breast/gynecological cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 11","pages":"Article 103888"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersection of immune signaling and cell death: The bidirectional regulatory mechanism of STING pathway and Ferroptosis","authors":"Yuxuan Yao ,&nbsp;Xu He ,&nbsp;Yidan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yiru Gong ,&nbsp;Xuchen Song ,&nbsp;Jiali Chen ,&nbsp;Nan Guo ,&nbsp;Yinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Xingxian Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The STING signaling pathway is a central component of the innate immune system, primarily responsible for sensing cytosolic DNA and triggering type I interferon responses to regulate innate immune signaling. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond its roles in immune responses, inflammation, and infection, STING can also regulate metabolism and cell death through classical or non-classical signaling pathways. Ferroptosis, a unique iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections. Emerging research has demonstrated a correlation between STING and ferroptosis. STING activation induces the production of inflammatory factors and cytokines, which disrupt iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and oxidative balance, thereby triggering ferroptosis. Meanwhile, key proteins like GPX4 and ACSL4 in ferroptosis along with certain metabolic products can also influence the activity of the STING signaling pathway. The regulatory direction and signaling intensity of these interactions significantly impact disease states. As a result, deciphering their molecular mechanisms is critical for developing precise therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advances related to the STING signaling pathway and ferroptosis, with a particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying their mutual regulation. In addition, we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting STING signaling and ferroptosis in disease pathology, thereby highlighting their prospective clinical significance in conditions such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103877"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment and management of bone health in pediatric-onset rheumatological diseases from early age to adulthood: A critical overview","authors":"Raffaele Di Taranto ,&nbsp;Andrea Amati ,&nbsp;Chiara Crotti ,&nbsp;Francesco Baldo ,&nbsp;Stefania Costi ,&nbsp;Achille Marino ,&nbsp;Massimo Varenna ,&nbsp;Roberto Caporali ,&nbsp;Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the advancements achieved in modern rheumatology, patients with pediatric-onset rheumatological diseases are still exposed to systemic and/or articular inflammation and corticosteroid treatment, all exerting detrimental effects on the growing skeleton together with the reduced body weight and scarce physical activity that rheumatological patients usually experience. The assessment of bone mass in pediatric subjects carries computational limitations: Dual energy X-ray Absiorptiometry (DXA) underestimates bone mineral density (BMD) especially in case of smaller bone, an instance that occurs frequently in children with rheumatologic conditions due to the high rate of short stature or pubertal delay. The rates of low BMD in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients range between 3 % and 34 %, being higher in systemic and polyarticular JIA; patients with juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) present a low BMD in approximately 1/3 of cases. Such reduction in BMD presents early on disease course, persists with aging but might be reversed by rheumatological treatment. In pediatric populations, the term osteoporosis should be reserved to children with clinically relevant fractures, favoring “low BMD for chronological age”. The prevalence of vertebral fractures ranges between 10 % and 30 % in JIA, peaking in female JIA patients aged 10–15 years, and between 21.4 % and 52 % in jSLE. While calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be optimized in all pediatric patients with rheumatological conditions, bisphosphonates should be reserved to subjects with fragility fractures; the prescription for primary fracture prevention in glucocorticoid-treated children is recommended only in case of a dosage &lt;0.1 mg/kg/day for at least 3 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 11","pages":"Article 103886"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Proportion of circulating T follicular helper cells in peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Autoimmunity Reviews Volume 24, Issue 10, 24 September 2025, 103874]","authors":"Futai Feng ,&nbsp;Ziyan Wu ,&nbsp;Honglin Xu ,&nbsp;Yongzhe Li ,&nbsp;Shulan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103881"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing the clinical heterogeneity of patients with Still's disease, from early diagnosis to timely treatment","authors":"Piero Ruscitti ,&nbsp;Luca Cantarini ,&nbsp;Francesco Ciccia ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Conti ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Dagna ,&nbsp;Florenzo Iannone ,&nbsp;Carlomaurizio Montecucco ,&nbsp;Pistone Giovanni ,&nbsp;Paolo Sfriso ,&nbsp;Roberto Giacomelli","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Still's disease is an inflammatory syndrome affecting patients across all ages, previously known as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) in children and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) in adults. Multiple lines of evidence reported overlapping clinical features between sJIA and AOSD, commonly manifesting with daily fever, arthritis, evanescent salmon-coloured skin rash. The concomitant various degree of multiorgan involvement may increase the heterogeneity of the patient clinical picture. In active patients, a typical hyperferritinemia is recognized in association with increases of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein. Concerning pathogenesis, also in this case, similar mechanisms are reported in sJIA and AOSD involving both innate and adaptive arms of the immune systems; thus, Still's disease is peculiarly codified at the cross-road of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, life-threatening complications burden the disease course in challenging the management of these patients, mainly macrophage activation syndrome, and worsening the prognosis. Concerning the treatment, glucocorticoids (GCs), conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), mainly IL-1 inhibitors, are administered to treat these patients. Usually, bDMARDs are considered in case of failure of GCs or GC-dependence. However, in some circumstances, bDMARDs may be administered as first-line modifying therapy without GCs, thus avoiding GC predictable side effects and optimizing the long-term outcome.</div><div>In this work, we aimed to synthetize the recent available literature considering the clinical management of patients with Still's disease, reviewing features about early diagnosis, optimal treatment algorithm, clinical therapeutic targets, treatment of complications, and patient monitoring in the follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103880"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Itaconate: A key regulator of immune responses and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases","authors":"Yutong Liu ,&nbsp;Xueling Jiang ,&nbsp;Songnian Zhuang ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhu ,&nbsp;Ke Rui ,&nbsp;Jie Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It plays a crucial role in immune regulation by modulating signal transduction and posttranslational modification. Itaconate is derived from cis-aconitate decarboxylation and is produced by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1) in the mitochondria. During cellular stress conditions, itaconate rapidly accumulates in myeloid cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that itaconate plays a pivotal role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, itaconate regulates the differentiation and function of innate immune and lymphoid cells, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we aim to explore the recent advancements in comprehending the functional regulation and mechanisms of itaconate in various populations of innate immune and lymphoid cells, as well as its immunomodulatory effects in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, we highlight the potential therapeutic applications of itaconate and its derivatives in autoimmune diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103885"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic inflammation in Long COVID relationship to autoimmune diseases","authors":"Keda Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Li ,&nbsp;Yutong Xu ,&nbsp;Siyi Gu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua Li ,&nbsp;Yanjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Naihui Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new coronavirus pandemic has been ongoing for nearly five years. In addition to the severe symptoms in the acute phase, it is accompanied by long-term complications and sequelae involving the respiratory, neurological, immune, circulatory, and gastrointestinal systems for several months or even years, which is called the Long COVID. Many studies have suggested that systemic chronic inflammation caused by residual viral components may be one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of Long COVID. In this paper, we will review the autoimmune diseases caused by chronic inflammation. In particular, cytokine storminess, pro-inflammatory responses of inflammatory vesicles, mast cell activation syndrome, changes in the gut microbiota, molecular mimicry, reactivation of latent viruses, and coagulation abnormalities are among the pathways that contribute to autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Guillain-Barré syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis. We intervene in the treatment of the disease with probiotics, immunoglobulins, the RECOVER clinical trial model, and immunomodulatory drugs. The aim is to enhance understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of Long COVID and to provide a reference for the immunotherapy of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 10","pages":"Article 103882"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}