Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of CSF1R Inhibitors for Recurrent or Unresectable Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mehmood Ahmad, Kanza Farhan, Anwar Ali Khan, Hanzala Amir, Muhammad Saad Hashmi, Muhammad Hammad Ali, Abdul Nafay Ali, Bismah Azam Ali, Amna Farhan, Ahmed Asad Raza","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm driven by overexpression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). We performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of CSF1 receptor inhibitors (CSF1Ri) versus placebo in recurrent or unresectable TGCT, defined as symptomatic disease for which surgery would cause worsening functional limitation or severe morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, CENTRAL, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry were searched from inception to March 25, 2026 for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any CSF1Ri with placebo in adults with histologically confirmed TGCT. The primary outcome was objective response rate (ORR); secondary outcomes were physical function (PROMIS-PF), range of motion (ROM), pain, health-related quality of life (EQ-VAS), and Grade 3 or higher adverse events. Risk of bias (RoB 2) and certainty (GRADE) were assessed; estimates were pooled using random-effects models (RevMan 5.4.1), with fixed-effect, Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman, risk-difference, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs were included (ENLIVEN, MOTION, MANEUVER; n = 337), all at low risk of bias. CSF1Ri significantly improved ORR (RR 25.55 [95% CI 6.43-101.52]; risk difference 0.43 [0.36-0.50]), PROMIS-PF (MD 3.81 [2.28-5.34]), relative ROM (MD 11.43 [6.53-16.34] percentage points), and EQ-VAS (MD 7.63 [4.03-11.23]) (all I² = 0%, p < 0.001), and reduced pain (SMD -1.03 [-1.65 to -0.42]; p = 0.0009; I² = 76%). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were more frequent with CSF1Ri (RR 4.08 [2.31-7.21]; p < 0.001; I² = 0%). Certainty was high for functional outcomes, moderate for ORR and Grade 3 or higher adverse events, and low for pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In recurrent or unresectable TGCT, CSF1Ri produce clinically meaningful improvements in tumor response, function, and quality of life compared with placebo, at the cost of more frequent severe adverse events, the nature of which differed between trials. The included trials did not compare agents directly, so the relative efficacy and safety of individual CSF1Ri remain uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Decision Support Interventions on Treatment Decision-Making in Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yue Wen, Yanqiu Li, Suhua Zheng, Juan Li, Xin Huang, Yaqian Zhang, Ying Jin","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of decision support interventions on treatment decision-making outcomes among men with prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2026. Eligible studies evaluated decision support interventions delivered during the prostate cancer treatment decision-making phase, including booklet-based, digital, and multimodal formats. The primary outcome was decision conflict. Secondary outcomes included decision regret, knowledge, decision readiness, and psychological distress. Bayesian network meta-analysis and conventional pairwise meta-analysis were used to compare intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included. Decision support interventions were categorized into three types: booklet-based, digital, and multimodal interventions. Network meta-analysis showed that booklet-based interventions reduced decision conflict (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI -1.60 to -0.24). No statistically significant effects were observed for decision regret or knowledge level. Pairwise meta-analysis showed that decision support interventions improved decision readiness but had limited effects on psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Decision support interventions showed outcome-specific effects in patients with prostate cancer facing treatment decisions, with booklet-based interventions providing the clearest signal for reducing decision conflict and overall interventions improving decision readiness. These findings support further evaluation of accessible, low-burden, and age-friendly decision support formats in prostate cancer treatment decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifocal Glioblastoma Managed With Primary Temozolomide as a Strategy to Delay Radiation Therapy: Clinical and Radiological Outcomes.","authors":"Chun Khai Loh, Helen Wheeler, Adrian Lee, Matthew Wong, Malmaruha Arasaratnam, Nicola Cove, Marina Kastelan, Michael Back","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of upfront temozolomide (TMZ) monotherapy in deferring radiotherapy for multifocal glioblastoma (GBM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 18 consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed, multifocal GBM treated with upfront TMZ monotherapy between 2016 and 2024. The primary endpoint was a 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and radiological tumor response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the cohort was 69 years. The median follow-up was 12 months. Thirteen (72.2%) patients had O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-methylated tumors. Bi-hemispheric disease was present in 16 patients (88.9%) at baseline. Patients received a median of six TMZ cycles. Disease relapse occurred in 94.4% (n = 17) of cases, with 47.0% of failures involving distant sites. The 6-month PFS was 61% (95% CI: 42.3%-88.3%), and the median OS was 12.2 months (95% CI: 11.2-31.1). MGMT-methylated tumors demonstrated a significant volumetric reduction at 3 months compared to unmethylated cases (median -34.2% vs. +114.0%; p = 0.007). Survival outcomes trended in favour of the methylated cohort (6-month PFS 69.2% vs. 40.0%; median OS 12.3 vs. 11.2 months), though these associations did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.480).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the use of primary TMZ as an exploratory strategy for short-term modulation in highly selected patients with extensive multifocal GBM. Whilst this approach facilitates a strategic delay in large-volume radiation, the high relapse rate underscores that upfront TMZ serves as a temporary window for deferring neurotoxicity rather than achieving durable disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Serotonin Receptor (5-HT3) Antagonist Prescribing in Cancer Inpatients: A Retrospective Clinical Audit.","authors":"Henshaw Corey, Matthew Gray, Kim Tam Bui, Anthony Linton","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Selective serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonists are first-line antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced, radiotherapy-induced, and post-operative nausea and vomiting; other causes of nausea in advanced cancer warrant alternative agents. We aimed to determine patterns of inpatient 5-HT3 antagonist prescribing and its guideline concordance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of all patients admitted under Medical Oncology at a single metropolitan hospital over 6 months who were prescribed a 5-HT3 antagonist. Data on demographics, cancer, and the prescription (agent, indication, prescriber, duration, administration) were extracted and reviewed for guideline concordance. Analyses were descriptive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 210 patients admitted between January and June 2025, 81 (38.6%) were prescribed a 5-HT3 antagonist. Mean age was 64.2 years (range 24-87); 41 (50.6%) were female, and 62 (76.5%) had metastatic cancer. Of 137 prescriptions written, 134 (97.8%) were for ondansetron. Nausea was documented in 104 (75.9%), but a specific cause in only 55/104 (52.9%). The most common prescribers were Emergency (62, 45.3%) and After-Hours (32, 23.4%) doctors. Prescriptions were brief (median 1 day); 82 (59.9%) were administered at least once, and 62/82 (75.6%) were single-dose. Overall, 93 (67.9%) were non-concordant. Concordance was 10/14 (71.4%) in Medical Oncology, 20/21 (95.2%) in anesthetics and intensive care, 4/4 (100%) in Radiation Oncology, and 4/4 (100%) in Palliative Care, but 2/62 (3.2%) in Emergency and 4/32 (12.5%) in After-Hours prescribers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>5-HT3 antagonists were frequently prescribed outside guideline recommendations, particularly by clinicians less familiar with cancer. Targeted education, electronic order-set redesign, and structured documentation of the suspected mechanism of nausea may improve guideline-concordant antiemetic prescribing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD147+ Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote PD-L1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via TIMP2/MMP2/IL-6 Signaling.","authors":"Yifei Wang, Bowei Lv, Xiaojing Su, Shichao Zhang, Chentao Ma, Dian Li, Jinhuan Liu, Huayi Zhang, Zhilin Sha, Wei Zhai, Yimu Fang, Ming Tang, Hao Shen, Lu Wu","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Targeting CD147 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been identified as critical components of the tumor microenvironment. The role of CD147 in CAFs is still unclear, and this study aims to explore its function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data to identify CD147 expression in CAFs. Flow cytometry and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) were used to validate protein levels. CD147 function was assessed via shRNA/overexpression. Protein interactions were examined by molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Organoid co-culture system was established to study tumor-immune interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single-cell sequencing and mIHC analyses have confirmed the presence of CD147+CAFs within tumor and adjacent tissues, with tumor-derived CAFs exhibiting elevated CD147 transcript levels. The proportion of CD147+ CAFs varied among patients and demonstrated no significant correlation with CD147 expression in HCC cells. Functionally, CD147+ CAFs secreted higher levels of IL-6 compared to CD147- counterparts. We elucidated a mechanism wherein CD147 on CAFs competitively binds to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), thereby diminishing TIMP2-mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Free MMP2 enhances IL-6 secretion via the integrin α5β1 signaling pathway. IL-6 subsequently upregulates PD-L1 expression on HCC cells. This phenomenon was validated both in vitro and organoid co-culture model, where a higher burden of CD147+ CAFs correlated with increased levels of IL-6 and PD-L1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study delineates a novel CAF-driven immunosuppressive pathway in HCC, where CD147+ CAFs enhance tumor cell PD-L1 expression and susceptibility to immune checkpoint blockade via a TIMP2/MMP2/IL-6 axis.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>CD147 has been primarily viewed as a therapeutic marker on HCC cells and has supported the development of CD147-targeted treatment strategies. This study shows that CD147 is also expressed in CAFs and functions as an independent regulator of the immune microenvironment by promoting IL 6 secretion and tumor PD-L1 upregulation. Importantly, CD147 expression in CAFs is not correlated with its expression in tumor cells. These findings suggest that evaluation of CD147 in both tumor and stromal compartments may improve patient stratification and may identify additional patients who could potentially benefit from CD147-targeted or combination immunotherapy approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multimodal Respiratory Training Combined With Resistance Exercise in Promoting Postoperative Recovery After Thoracoscopic Lung Cancer Resection.","authors":"Juan Wu, Juan Liu, Bingqing Luo, Lilong Yuan, Yiran Yuan, Wei Wang, Baoyu Wen, Xiaoqing Wang","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ajco.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effect of multimodal respiratory training combined with resistance exercise on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two patients were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups (n = 36 each). Routine postoperative care was implemented in the control group, whereas patients in the intervention group additionally received multimodal respiratory training integrated with resistance exercise. Recovery indices, respiratory function parameters (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV₁], peak expiratory flow [PEF], and maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV]), exercise tolerance (6-minute walk distance [6MWD] and Borg dyspnea score), arterial blood gas values (PaO₂, PaCO₂), quality of life (SF-36), and postoperative complications were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group presented shorter time to ambulation, earlier first flatus, and reduced chest drainage duration relative to the control group. Postoperatively, compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a smaller reduction in MVV, a smaller increase in Borg scores, and a smaller decline in PaO₂. Although FVC, FEV₁, PEF, 6MWD, and PaCO₂ levels improved over time in both groups, and PaCO₂ levels were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, no significant time × group interaction effects were observed for these outcomes. Although the incidence of complications was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (5.56% vs. 11.11%), the difference exhibited no differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimodal respiratory training combined with resistance exercise effectively facilitates postoperative recovery, improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity, and enhances quality of life in patients after thoracoscopic lung cancer resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies LINC00942 as a Multifunctional lncRNA Involved in Tumor Progression, Immune Regulation, and Chemoresistance.","authors":"Yaxin Ma, Yike Ding, Lihui Wang","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns, immunological functions, and prognostic value of LINC00942 across multiple cancer types, and to further examine its role in chemoresistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LINC00942 expression and its diagnostic and prognostic significance were analyzed across 33 cancer types using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEX) databases. Correlations between LINC00942 expression and genomic alterations, epigenetic regulation, tumor microenvironment, and drug response were evaluated. The correlation between LINC00942 and clinical outcomes was evaluated. LINC00942-coexpressed genes and interacting proteins were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to annotate key signaling pathways regulated by LINC00942.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LINC00942 is significantly upregulated in most cancer types, and high LINC00942 expression is associated with unfavorable overall survival in several cancer types. An increasing trend of LINC00942 amplification was observed in multiple cancers (e.g., uterine carcinosarcoma [UCS], ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma [OSC], and testicular germ cell tumors [TGCTs]). High LINC00942 copy number variations (CNVs) are associated with poor patient survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and thymoma (THYM). LINC00942 is negatively correlated with TH1/NKT cells and positively with TH2 cells across tumors. LINC00942 expression exhibits a negative correlation with target gene promoter methylation, indicating its potential epigenetic regulatory role. In addition, LINC00942 may serve as a promising therapeutic target to overcome resistance to HDAC inhibitors, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Elesclomol and torin 2 hold potential as LINC00942-targeting anticancer agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LINC00942 plays an important role in tumor development and progression in various cancers. It has the potential to act as a prognostic biomarker and a candidate therapeutic target deserving further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian Practical Guide on the Management of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.","authors":"Dickon Hayne, Shomik Sengupta, Alison Y Zhang, Niara Oliveira, Manish I Patel, Ian Vela, Ian D Davis","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle-invasive bladder cancer presents a complex clinical challenge in Australia, where survival outcomes lag behind those in other high-income nations. Radical cystectomy remains the most frequently used curative approach. This review highlights a significant shift in the Australian landscape, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy uptake increasing from historic lows to over 60% according to recent registry data. Clinical unsuitability for cisplatin use and other factors, such as geographic disparities in access to multidisciplinary care, continue to be barriers to the more consistent use of perioperative systemic therapy. Emerging data from landmark trials, such as NIAGARA, KEYNOTE-905, and KEYNOTE-B15, are ushering in a new era of perioperative immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates, offering hope for more effective and personalized treatment pathways. Bladder-sparing trimodality therapy is recognized as an underutilized option that can provide good quality of life and oncologic outcomes. Integration of precision medicine, including molecular subtyping and ctDNA monitoring, optimization of surgical and other expertise, and establishment of national optimal care pathways will be essential for further improvement of outcomes. Australian clinicians must bridge the gap between the latest evidence and local reimbursement challenges to standardize care, reduce treatment-related morbidity, and improve long-term survivorship for patients with bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Defined by Anesthesia-Related Drug Target Genes During the Perioperative Period and Their Prognosis, Immunological Characteristics, and Drug Response.","authors":"Panpan Zhang, He Wang, Zhuolu Li, Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of perioperative anesthetic drugs may influence the prognosis of cancer patients, but the expression characteristics and clinical significance of their associated target genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. This study aims to establish a molecular subtyping system based on perioperative anesthesia-related drug target genes (PARDTGs) and systematically evaluate their potential value in HCC prognosis, immune microenvironment, and drug response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess HCC prognosis, we established a PAR-DTG Score derived from PARDTGs. Initial screening in the Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma and GSE14520 cohorts employed differential expression analysis, followed by univariate Cox and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression to identify prognostic genes. Comprehensive characterization of high- and low-risk groups was subsequently performed, integrating immune infiltration analyses, functional enrichment, tumor mutational burden evaluation, and drug sensitivity predictions to elucidate their distinct molecular and clinical features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A prognostic model based on a PARDTG-derived prognostic signature consisting of five genes (CD24, MCM5, PPARGC1A, SLC22A7, and VNN2) was constructed and demonstrated robust predictive performance across two independent cohorts. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited significantly reduced overall survival and enrichment in cell cycle-related pathways (e.g., E2F targets and G2M checkpoint), whereas the low-risk group showed significant enrichment in metabolic pathways (e.g., fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism). Immune microenvironment analysis revealed elevated expression of B cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and immune checkpoint molecules in the high-risk group, which also demonstrated higher response rates to PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. Drug sensitivity prediction indicated greater susceptibility to chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin and sorafenib in the high-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognostic model constructed based on PAR-DTG Score effectively distinguishes survival risks among HCC patients and reveals its connections with the immune microenvironment, molecular mechanisms, and drug responses, providing preliminary insights for developing personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Artificial Intelligence Performance on Mammographic Cases in High- and Low-Resourced Countries.","authors":"Zhengqiang Jiang, Phuong D Trieu, Melissa L Barron, Sarah J Lewis","doi":"10.1111/ajco.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population-based screening in Australia for breast cancer using mammography has delivered key outcomes in reducing deaths, but such programs are usually not present in Vietnam. Breast cancer is common in both countries, with Vietnamese women having high breast density and Vietnam having low radiology expertise. This paper investigated the performance of two state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) models for cancer detection on Datasets 1 and 2 (Vietnam and Australian mammographic cases) and determined whether the breast density in the two datasets with different vendors affected the AI performance. Both datasets consisted of the same number of mammographic cases (865 malignant; 865 normal). Mammographic images were enhanced using the contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization algorithm. Transfer learning of the Globally-aware Multiple Instance Classifier (GMIC) and Global-Local Activation Maps (GLAM) AI models was conducted on enhanced images in the two national datasets. The breast density was classified as four levels (A, B, C, and D) by three radiologists. We combined Levels A and B into 0%-50%, and Levels C and D into 50%-100% breast density. The performance of these two AI models, both with and without transfer learning, was evaluated on the two datasets using McNemar's test. The GMIC in the pre-trained and transfer learning modes outperformed the GLAM in terms of specificity and sensitivity in the two datasets. The performance of the GMIC and GLAM with transfer learning in Dataset 2 was better, with 86.7% specificity and 88.2% sensitivity, outperforming their transfer learning model with 80.4% specificity and 81.2% sensitivity in Dataset 1. The specificity and sensitivity of the two AI models (p-values <0.05) were significantly improved using transfer learning in the two datasets. The specificity and sensitivity of GMIC with transfer learning (p-values <0.05) on the 0%-50% and 50%-100% breast density in Dataset 2 were significantly higher than those in Dataset 1, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}