Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"An evaluation of the population uptake and contact tracer utilisation of the Covid-19 Bluetooth Exposure Notification Framework in New Zealand","authors":"Tim Chambers ,&nbsp;Andrew Anglemyer ,&nbsp;Andrew Chen ,&nbsp;June Atkinson ,&nbsp;Phoebe Elers ,&nbsp;Michael G. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our primary research objective was to assess the population uptake and contact tracer utilisation of the Bluetooth function of the New Zealand Covid Tracer App (NZCTA) throughout the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We adopted a retrospective cohort study design using all diagnosed COVID-19 community cases from December 12, 2020 to February 16, 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At its height, more than 60 % of the eligible population had the Bluetooth function of NZCTA activated. However, only an estimated 2.2 % of the population was able to fully participate. Cases managed by the national case investigation service were 17 times (aRR 17.54, 95%CI: 13.02-23.90) and 9 times (aRR 9.27, 95%CI: 6.91, 12.76) more likely to generate a Bluetooth token than cases managed by local public health units during the Delta and Omicron periods, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Bluetooth functionality of the NZCTA likely had a low impact on the pandemic response in NZ despite its exceptionally high levels of public uptake. The primary reason for the lack of impact was the low utilisation by contact tracers.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>The results highlight the need for greater consultation and collaboration with the public health sector during the development and implementation of digital contact tracing tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 6","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection, ageing and patient rights: Time for single-occupancy hospital rooms","authors":"Cindy Towns ,&nbsp;Matthew Kelly ,&nbsp;Angela Ballantyne","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 6","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How should we fund integrated primary care for children in Australia? A resource allocation study","authors":"Cate Bailey ,&nbsp;Suzy Honisett ,&nbsp;Jacinta Dermentzis ,&nbsp;Janelle Devereux ,&nbsp;Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis ,&nbsp;Kim Dalziel ,&nbsp;Harriet Hiscock","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Integrated primary care provides health and social care services to intervene early and support children and families. Funding of integrated care is a barrier to care provision, but evidence is limited for which funding models are most appropriate. Our study aimed to provide expert judgement on what funding model, or mix of models, are most likely effective for integrating primary care for families with children aged 0-12 years in Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a resource allocation survey to value funding models for integrated care. Participants were purposively sampled experts in primary health, social care and mental health care. Six funding types were included in the study. Outcome measures included ranking of funding model preferences and qualitative analysis from open-ended questions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Block-funding, alternative-payment-methods and incentive-payments were preferred models for integrated care individually and within a blended model. Fee-for-service, capitation and pay-for-performance were the least preferred models. There was agreement Fee-for-service may hinder integrating care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A blended model, including alternative-payment-methods, incentive-payments and block-funding, were preferred models to best integrate care for child outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Determining how best to fund integrated primary care for children is a priority for decision-making in Australia, as fee-for-service is no longer considered appropriate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 6","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between vaping and subsequent initiation of cigarette smoking in young Australians from age 12 to 17 years: a retrospective cohort analysis using cross-sectional recall data from 5114 adolescents","authors":"Sam Egger ,&nbsp;Michael David ,&nbsp;Christina Watts ,&nbsp;Anita Dessaix ,&nbsp;Alecia Brooks ,&nbsp;Emily Jenkinson ,&nbsp;Paul Grogan ,&nbsp;Marianne Weber ,&nbsp;Qingwei Luo ,&nbsp;Becky Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to estimate the association between vaping and subsequent initiation of smoking among Australian adolescents and explore the impact of design and analytical methods in previous studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of cross-sectional data from 5114 Australian adolescents aged 14–17 recalling information on smoking and vaping initiation from age 12 to 17. The outcome was smoking initiation, analysed with negative-binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for vape status (ever-vaped vs never-vaped) as a time-varying exposure. We also re-analysed using the methods of previous studies not accounting for the time-varying nature of e-cigarette exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants (n=5114) were retrospectively followed for 20478 person-years. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables and proxy measures of common liabilities for vaping and smoking, the rate of smoking initiation for those who ever-vaped was nearly 5 times that of those who never-vaped (IRR=4.9; 95% confidence interval: [3.9, 6.0], <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), with IRRs considerably higher at younger ages. Not accounting for the time-varying nature of e-cigarette exposure in re-analysis attenuated the estimated IRR by 44%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Controlled analyses indicate that vaping markedly increases the risk of subsequent smoking initiation among Australian adolescents from age 12 to 17, with those aged 12, 13, and 14 bearing an alarmingly disproportionate burden of the elevated risk. Additionally, the relative risk of future smoking due to vaping may have been underestimated in other studies due to methodological differences.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Our findings highlight the need for public health interventions and strict e-cigarette access laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affirming schools, population-level data, and holistic public health are key to addressing mental ill-health and substance use disparities among gender and sexuality diverse young people in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Sasha Bailey ,&nbsp;Yael Perry ,&nbsp;Kyle Tan ,&nbsp;Jack Byrne ,&nbsp;Taine H. Polkinghorne ,&nbsp;Nicola C. Newton ,&nbsp;Jaimie Veale ,&nbsp;John Fenaughty ,&nbsp;The Matilda Centre Gender and Sexuality Diverse Youth Advisory Committee ,&nbsp;Raaya Tiko ,&nbsp;Maree Teesson ,&nbsp;Emma L. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental and neurodevelopmental health needs of Aboriginal children with experience of out-of-home care: a Western Australian data-linkage study","authors":"Benjamin Harrap ,&nbsp;Alison Gibberd ,&nbsp;Melissa O’Donnell ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Jones ,&nbsp;Richard Chenhall ,&nbsp;Bridgette McNamara ,&nbsp;Koen Simons ,&nbsp;Sandra Eades","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify additional mental and neurodevelopmental health needs of Aboriginal children born in Western Australia, who are placed in out-of-home care (OOHC), relative to Aboriginal children born in Western Australia who were not placed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data-linkage of hospitalisations, health registries and child protective services data for all Aboriginal children born in WA between 2000 and 2013 was used. Children placed in out-of-home care between 2000 and 2019 were matched to children never placed and prevalence and cumulative incidence estimates of mental and neurodevelopmental health conditions were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children placed in out-of-home care had a three times greater prevalence of mental and neurodevelopmental health conditions generally. The prevalence of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder was ten times higher, and post-traumatic stress disorder was seven times higher for those placed in out-of-home care. Cumulative incidence plots highlighted for different conditions the ages at which the rate of diagnosis diverges between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children placed in out-of-home care had greater mental and neurodevelopmental health needs generally when compared to children never placed in out-of-home care .</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Child protective services must ensure culturally safe, comprehensive, wrap-around services for Aboriginal children and their families are provided. Approaches should build on the strength of children, families and culture and avoid stigmatising children and their parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do we fund Public Health in Australia? How should we?","authors":"Alan Shiell ,&nbsp;Kate Garvey ,&nbsp;Shane Kavanagh ,&nbsp;Victoria Loblay ,&nbsp;Penelope Hawe","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To map how public health is funded in Australia. To assess whether changes to funding methods might improve system performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Review of publicly accessible documents and discussions with public health key informants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Australia spent $140 per person on public health in 2019-20, (1.8% of total health spending). But there is considerable state and territory variation. This money flows through multiple channels and payment mechanisms. Responsibility for what is funded is largely delegated to authorities close to the problems. This makes it easier to choose the best mechanism for funding an activity. Much information is hidden from view, however. This makes it impossible to assess whether the potential for population benefit is fully realised.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Australia avoids some of the difficulties experienced elsewhere because funding is largely devolved to states in block grants; they shape their own investments. The US, by contrast, prefers categorical funds for specific purposes. Three suggestions for making the funding system here more visible, useful and accountable are canvassed, including ‘satellite accounts’.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Funding needs to be more transparent before it is possible to assess whether public health system performance could be improved through changes to the way public health is funded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency contraception access in Fijian community pharmacies: A descriptive study","authors":"Lieu Thi Thuy Trinh ,&nbsp;Jane Estoesta ,&nbsp;Virginia Macdonald ,&nbsp;Deborah Bateson ,&nbsp;Clare Boerma ,&nbsp;Claire Rogers ,&nbsp;Rashika Gounder ,&nbsp;Angela Dawson","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess pharmacists’ knowledge regarding emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), their attitudes towards women obtaining ECPs, and ECP counselling and dispensing practices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online cross-sectional survey using Qualtrics was distributed via pharmacy emails and networks to recruit registered pharmacists working in community-based pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 22 valid respondents, predominantly female pharmacists (68%), with an average of 7.5 years of registration. All pharmacists knew the correct time frame after unprotected sex for ECPs to be effective, and 73% knew how ECPs worked, but only 50% knew that there were no contraindications. Most pharmacists (86%) knew that ECPs should be available to all women and girls, but only 59% thought that a married woman should not have to get permission from her husband to buy ECPs. Information or education for clients on the correct use of ECPs was mainly provided by pharmacists (59%), mostly through verbal communication (96%). Only 5% of pharmacists had used the emergency contraception methods wheels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There were gaps in pharmacists’ knowledge regarding ECPs. Biases, judgemental attitudes, and suboptimal practices existed.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Targeted education and training for pharmacists is needed to improve access to ECPs in Fiji.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive healthcare practice by allied health professionals: Results from a cross-sectional survey in rural and regional Victoria","authors":"Stephen Barrett ,&nbsp;Stephen Begg ,&nbsp;Sally Harris ,&nbsp;Paul O’Halloran ,&nbsp;Breanne Kunstler ,&nbsp;Bruce Bolam ,&nbsp;Kevin Masman ,&nbsp;Michael Kingsley","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the frequency of preventive healthcare practice (assess, advice, refer for support) provided by allied health professionals (AHPs) practicing in regional and rural healthcare settings to address smoking, diet and physical inactivity. To identify factors that influence the delivery of preventive healthcare practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AHPs working in public healthcare services in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria were surveyed. Clinicians reported on the proportion of clients where they had provided preventive care. Likert scale questions measured factors influencing preventive healthcare practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 115 clinicians completed the survey. AHPs reported that they assess for smoking and physical activity behaviours but not diet. Preventive health practice that included providing advice or referrals for follow-on support was rarely undertaken. Availability of screening tools and automated referral letters increased the likelihood of preventive healthcare practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Greater attention to addressing modifiable lifestyle behaviours by AHPs might be warranted to match the rates of risk factors in rural and regional Victoria. Integrating support systems, for example, embedding screening questions within clinical assessments can assist preventive healthcare practice.</div></div><div><h3>Implication for public health</h3><div>Many AHPs are not promoting healthy behaviours to prevent poor health. We present some strategies that could potentially improve this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000682/pdfft?md5=069546b47e98039eb960724a5d4547d9&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000682-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revising a right to food road map—perspectives of Australian key informants","authors":"Rebecca Lindberg ,&nbsp;Vivien Yii ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Millen ,&nbsp;Stephanie Godrich","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In Australia, an estimated 1 in 10 households experiences food insecurity. The objective of this study was to devise a visual synthesis to summarise the activities, processes and principles that support the right to food for everyone in Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Semi-structured key informant interviews (n=30) were conducted during 2019–20. Content analysis synthesised perspectives and assisted co-authors in revising an initial draft (shared during the interview) to finalise the road map through semantic realist data analysis and re-design.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The six components of the right to food road map summarise the actions, processes, and principles to address the human right to food. These include i) policy leadership, ii) advocate and enact, iii) empowerment, iv) resourcing, v) monitoring and accountability and vi) healthy, equitable and sustainable food systems.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>When all the right to food actions, processes and principles are present, the “cogs” within the map are hypothesised to interact and realise the right to food for all Australians.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><p>Considering the cost of living pressures and unrelenting demand for food relief, better solutions are needed for food insecurity. Human rights - this language, their international recognition and as a “method of working”, offer an alternative to the dominant responses to food insecurity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020024000657/pdfft?md5=1cb7e1326e875e76ec931f9a56e49f93&pid=1-s2.0-S1326020024000657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}