Lab on a Chip最新文献

{"title":"Flip the chip: trapping a low number of cancer and immune cells for spheroid formation of homogeneous size","authors":"Raphael Dezauzier, Anna Fomina and Petra S. Dittrich","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00210A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00210A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Drug tests on patient-derived tumor cells enable a personalized therapy and promise early identification of resistant cells. However, most drug tests are performed on cell monolayers that do not resemble the complex tumor microenvironment. Spheroids are advanced models, as cells in 3D configuration exhibit cell–cell interaction, cell–extracellular matrix, and cell environment more similar to a tumor environment. In this study, we show the formation of homogeneous spheroids from a low number of cells, which is crucial for personalized drug tests with cells from tissue biopsies or liquid biopsies. We introduce a novel microfluidic platform that combines microwell technology with hydrodynamic trapping, thereby combining the advantages of both methods. The platform consists of trapping units, each comprising a microwell and a filter. Initially, the microwell is located on top, and the cells are homogeneously clustered by the filters. The chip is then flipped by 180°, allowing the cells to sediment at the bottom of the microwells, where they form spheroids protected from shear stress. We show that cells can be homogeneously captured along the array, while the filter geometry controls how many cells are captured per trapping unit. We explore several designs, each with different microwell and filter dimensions. With 91.5% capture efficiency, the cell loss is minimal. After turning the chip, spheroids of homogeneous size form in the wells and expand at a growth rate of 8 μm per day. We perform drug tests and show that cisplatin affects not only the viability of spheroids, but also their structural integrity. The drug ouabain octahydrate prevents the formation of spheroids by inhibiting cell–cell adhesion. Finally, we co-culture cancer cells and polarized macrophages. Macrophages can influence the susceptibility of tumors to drugs and indeed, we observe that spheroids co-cultured with M1-polarized macrophages have a lower viability after cisplatin treatment than spheroids without macrophages. In contrast, the presence of M2-polarized macrophages reduces the effect of cisplatin with more cells of the spheroids remaining viable. In summary, this platform has great potential for personalized drug tests, when a very low number of cells are available, for example cells derived from tissue biopsy samples, or circulating tumor cells obtained from liquid biopsies.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5538-5550"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00210a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular, open-sourced multiplexing for democratizing spatial omics","authors":"Nicholas Zhang, Zhou Fang, Priyam Kadakia, Jamie Guo, Dakshin Vijay, Manoj Thapa, Samuel Dembowitz, Arash Grakoui and Ahmet F. Coskun","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00286A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00286A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Spatial omics technologies have revolutionized the field of biology by enabling the visualization of biomolecules within their native tissue context. However, the high costs associated with proprietary instrumentation, specialized reagents, and complex workflows have limited the broad application of these techniques. In this study, we introduce Python-based robotic imaging and staining for modular spatial omics (PRISMS), an open-sourced, automated multiplexing pipeline compatible with several biospecimen targets and streamlined microscopy software tools. PRISMS utilizes a liquid handling robot with thermal control to enable the rapid and automated staining of RNA and protein samples. The modular sample holders and Python control facilitate high-throughput, single-molecule fluorescence imaging on widefield and confocal microscopes. We successfully demonstrated the versatility of PRISMS by imaging tissue slides and adherent cells. We demonstrate that PRISMS can be utilized to perform super-resolved imaging, such as super-resolution radial fluctuations (SRRF). PRISMS is a powerful tool that can be used to democratize spatial omics by providing researchers with an accessible, reproducible, and cost-effective solution for multiplex imaging. Specifically, PRISMS is an open-source, automated multiplexing pipeline for spatial omics, compatible with several sample types and Nikon NIS Elements Basic Research software, as well as Python-based biodevices. It performs high-throughput, single-molecule fluorescence imaging both on widefield and confocal microscopes, and can be used to perform super-resolved imaging, such as SRRF. Overall, PRISMS is a powerful tool that can be used to democratize spatial omics by providing researchers with an accessible, reproducible, and cost-effective solution for multiplex imaging. This open-source platform will enable researchers to push the boundaries of spatial biology and make groundbreaking discoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5379-5392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00286a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical assessment of pan-influenza A virus CRISPR RNA therapeutics in a human lung alveolus chip","authors":"Yuncheng Man, Ryan R. Posey, Haiqing Bai, Amanda Jiang, Pere Dosta, Diana Ocampo-Alvarado, Roberto Plebani, Jie Ji, Chaitra Belgur, Natalie Artzi and Donald E. Ingber","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00156K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00156K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >CRISPR technology offers an entirely new approach to therapeutic development because it can target specific nucleotide sequences with high specificity, however, preclinical animal models are not useful for evaluation of their efficacy and potential off-target effects because of high gene sequence variations between animals and humans. Here, we explored the potential of using the CRISPR effector Cas13 to develop a new therapeutic approach for influenza A virus (IAV) infections based on its ability to specifically and robustly cleave single-strand viral RNA using a complementary CRISPR RNA (crRNA). We engineered crRNAs to target highly conserved regions in the IAV genome to create a potential pan-viral treatment strategy. A human lung alveolus chip (Lung Chip) lined by human primary alveolar epithelial cells interfaced with human primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and infected with a pandemic IAV H3N2 strain was used to evaluate the on-target and off-target effects of these antiviral crRNA therapeutics. Our data show that the crRNAs targeting highly conserved regions in the IAV genome potently reduced viral replication in the alveolar airspace in the Lung Chip, and this was accompanied by suppression of the human host inflammatory response as indicated by a significant reduction in cytokine production and recruitment of immune cells. Importantly, only minimal off-target effects were observed based on transcriptomic analyses. As these crRNAs inhibit replication of influenza H1N1 and H3N2 in A549 cells as well as H3N2 in Lung Chips, these findings support use of CRISPR-Cas13 as a potentially viable approach to develop pan-IAV therapeutics for combating future influenza pandemics. The results also demonstrate that human Organ Chips be useful as more clinically relevant preclinical models for testing the efficacy and safety of crRNA therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5240-5254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00156k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for highly efficient intracellular delivery in stem cells and cancer cells","authors":"Athira Prasad, Gayathri. R, Nandhini. B, R. Jayaganthan, Srabani Kar and Tuhin Subhra Santra","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00448A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00448A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microfluidic devices offer more accurate fluid flow control and lower reagent use for uniform nanoparticle synthesis than batch synthesis. Here, we propose a microfluidic device that synthesizes uniform iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for highly efficient intracellular delivery. The 3D-printed device was fabricated, comprising two inlets in the T-shaped channel with an inner diameter of 2 mm, followed by a helical mixing channel with a single outlet. The unique geometries of this device enable accuracy and precision by allowing shortened reaction time and control fluid mixing, resulting in the production of homogenous NPs. By utilizing this device and using the co-precipitation method at room temperature, IONPs with an average cluster size of 90 nm were synthesized. The photothermal property of IONPs was explored through light-matter interaction using a nanosecond (ns) pulse laser at 1064 nm and a fluence of 35 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small>, which helps to create transient cell membrane pores and deliver small to large biomolecules into cells by a simple diffusion process. We carried out highly efficient intracellular delivery using propidium iodide (PI) (668 Da), dextran (3 kDa), 6159 bp pcDNA3-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and Cy-5-β-galactosidase enzyme (465 kDa) into mouse fibroblast (L929), human cervical (SiHa) cancer cells, LN229, a human glioblastoma cell line, and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The best results achieved for Cy-5-β-galactosidase enzyme transfection in hMSCs were 98.6% transfection efficiency and 98.6% cell viability. Thus, our platform might have potential applications in cell therapeutics and diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5350-5366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronically controlled deprotection chemistry for multiplex enzymatic DNA synthesis on a chip with single-base resolution","authors":"Lihuan Zhao, Qinzhuo Sun, Jian-Qiao Jiang, Xuezheng Wu, Yiming Dong, Dan Wu, Lin-Sheng Wu and Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00548E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00548E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Enzymatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis (EDS) is an environmentally friendly approach capable of generating longer and more complex sequences than chemical synthesis, making it a promising next-generation technology for high-throughput single-stranded DNA production. However, precise sequence control at high throughput remains a key challenge. Here, we present a novel electronically controlled deprotection chemistry (ECDC) integrated with a hydrogel–primer modification system on-chip for efficient multiplexed EDS. Electrochemically generated HNO<small>₂</small> at the working electrodes selectively converts the 3′-oxyamino group of DNA into a hydroxyl group, enabling precise spatiotemporal control of a multipixel synthesis array and facilitating future automation. This platform enables parallel EDS with single-base resolution on silicon chips. In four-nucleotide validation experiments, single-sequence synthesis could achieve 100% accuracy, while dual-sequence synthesis reached an average accuracy of approximately 96%. Our approach provides a highly accurate solution for high-throughput ssDNA synthesis, laying the foundation for scalable and automated enzymatic DNA manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5342-5349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-independent and Automated Single-Colony-Resolution Microdroplet Dispensing","authors":"Haemin Jung, Han Zhang, Jacob Hooper, Can Huang, Rohit Gupte, Adrian Guzman, Jeongjae Han, Arum Han","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00374a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5lc00374a","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet microfluidics-based high-throughput screening (HTS) enables rapid analysis of complex biological libraries, but accurate off-chip recovery of sorted \"hit\" droplets remains a key bottleneck. In particular, polydispersity in droplet size-common in multi-step assays-causes variation in flow velocities, where smaller droplets travel faster than larger ones. This results in the unintended co-dispensing of multiple droplets, leading to cross-contamination of hits. To address this challenge, we use blank spacing droplets as physical barriers between \"hit\" droplets to maintain consistent spacing during droplet transition. Each unit, or “drip,” consists of a single \"hit\" droplet buffered by up to 1,000 blank droplets and is dispensed individually into a well or onto agar. A distance sensor detects each drip's formation and triggers a linear motor to raise the collection plate, enabling precise and automated single-drip dispensing—even with polydisperse droplets. This approach achieves single-drip dispensing precision with 99.9% accuracy and a throughput of up to 8,640 drips per hour. We validated this system using an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) assay, where four resistant bacterial strains were identified from a mixed population of eleven. Our method ensures reliable and automated transfer of microfluidic hits to conventional biological assays, overcoming a key limitation in droplet HTS workflows. This system offers a scalable, cost-effective, and accurate solution for integrating microfluidic screening with downstream phenotypic analysis and paves the way for more complex droplet-based biological applications requiring precise hit recovery.","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-chip oocyte cumulus removal using vibration-induced flow","authors":"Amirhossein Favakeh, Amir Mokhtare, Hanxue Zhang, Yi Athena Ren and Alireza Abbaspourrad","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00414D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00414D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cumulus removal (CR), the removal of the small protective granulosa cells that surround an oocyte, is a crucial step in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Traditional CR methods rely on vortexing or manual pipetting, which can result in inconsistencies and variability. Here, we present an open-surface platform featuring pillars that actively separates differently sized particles and removes cumulus cells from oocytes through vibration-induced flow (VIF). The platform removed 99% of small particles from the loading chamber by generating a local flow through the pillar array and separating smaller particles from larger particles. The platform was then used to remove cumulus cells from oocytes. CR under different actuation powers, time exposures, and hyaluronidase (HA) concentrations was optimized. The CR of up to 23 oocytes was accomplished simultaneously without any oocyte loss. Finally, mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were inseminated and CR was performed using both manual pipetting (control) and VIF. No statistical difference was observed in the fertilization and blastocyst rates, which were 90.7%, and 50.0% using manual pipetting, respectively, and 93.1% and 43.1% using VIF respectively. This platform automates CR process and reduces the technical manual labor involved in ART, paving the way for standardization and consistency within ART protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5551-5562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00414d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput multimodal optofluidic biophysical imaging cytometry","authors":"Thiel Lee, Evelyn H. Y. Cheung, Kelvin C. M. Lee, Dickson M. D. Siu, Michelle C. K. Lo, Edmund Y. Lam, Ruchi Goswami, Salvatore Girardo, Kyoohyun Kim, Felix Reichel, Marketa Kubankova, Martin Kräter, Jochen Guck and Kevin K. Tsia","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00381D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00381D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Traditional biophysical cytometry has been limited by its low-dimensional phenotyping characteristics, often relying on only one or a few cellular biophysical phenotypes as readouts. This has perpetuated the perception that biophysical cytometry lacks the power to determine cellular heterogeneity. Here, we introduce a multimodal biophysical cytometry platform, termed quantitative phase morpho-rheological (QP-MORE) cytometry, which simultaneously captures a collection of high-resolution biophysical and mechanical phenotypes of single cells at ultrahigh throughput (&gt;10 000 cells per s). Combined with a microfluidic constriction channel design, QP-MORE integrates ultrafast single-cell quantitative phase imaging (QPI) and high-throughput deformability cytometry to resolve subcellular structures and whole-cell rheology in a single pass. QP-MORE's optofluidic design enables label-free, multi-contrast imaging of cells flowing at ∼1 m s<small>⁻¹</small>, achieving subcellular resolution unmatched by existing deformability-based platforms. To validate its precision, we developed a robust calibration protocol ensuring high accuracy in morpho-rheological measurements. We also deployed QP-MORE to dissect drug-induced biophysical heterogeneity in HL60 leukemia and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with latrunculin B (actin depolymerizer) and cytochalasin D (actin capping agent). QP-MORE not only revealed drug-specific subcellular biophysical signatures, but also achieved 99% accuracy in classifying drug mechanisms, surpassing deformability cytometry (78–94%). This underscores the potential of QP-MORE in expanding the capability of biophysical cytometry, especially in advancing our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and drug interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5329-5341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid pan-cancer detection via label-free impedance profiling of cell-free DNA","authors":"Tejal Dube, Puja Prasad, Pragya Swami, Ankita Singh, Meenakshi Verma, Parul Tanwar, Shantanu Chowdhury and Shalini Gupta","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00431D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00431D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer, and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) containing these abnormal methylation patterns has emerged as a promising non-invasive biomarker for pan-cancer detection. However, intrinsic challenges remain that continue to limit its broad clinical application. Here, we show a simple and rapid impedance-based bioassay called Asima Rev that can detect cancer cfDNA in under 5 min without the need for any molecular labelling, electrode modification, signal amplification, or target enrichment steps. Using 216 clinical samples (50 healthy) from 15 different cancer types (all stages), we show an overall sensitivity and specificity of 96.4% and 94.0%, respectively. Differences in methylation content between cancerous and healthy cfDNA lead to distinct solvation behaviour and electro-physicochemical properties that remain consistent across cancer types regardless of the distribution patterns of methyl cytosine. Our test exploits this inherent difference.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 21","pages":" 5563-5573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic cues regulate collective cell dynamics in curved nano/microgrooved tubular microchannels","authors":"Tatsuya Matsubara, Chris P. Miller, Chanhong Min, Chia-Yi Su, Jong Seob Choi, Chwee Teck Lim, Jude M. Phillip, Joon-wan Kim and Deok-Ho Kim","doi":"10.1039/D5LC00368G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5LC00368G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Physical properties of the extracellular matrix, such as topography and curvature, regulate collective epithelial behaviors. However, the interplay between these geometric factors on collective migration is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effects of topographic cues on a curved surface on collective epithelial migration within tubular microchannels with an inner diameter of 100 μm. These tubular microchannels feature circumferential or longitudinal micro- and nano-grooves fabricated by two-photon polymerization three-dimensional printing and micro-molding techniques. Live cell microscopy records the collective migration of GFP-labeled epithelial cells into the microchannel with each topographical design. We utilized a single-cell behavior analysis for the tracked time-dependent cell position data to visualize and quantify complex cell migration. Results show that longitudinal grooves (800 nm and 4 μm) enhanced cell migration, but circumferential grooves did not significantly enhance cell migration. This indicates that curvature rather than topography dominates migration at the microtube scale. These findings provide insights into the interplay between curvature, microscale structure, and cell behaviors and suggest the potential to control cell behaviors by manipulating the structure and topographic cues with their local microenvironments.</p>","PeriodicalId":85,"journal":{"name":"Lab on a Chip","volume":" 20","pages":" 5255-5267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lc/d5lc00368g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}