{"title":"Toward a rediscovery of ‘feminine’ principles in architecture and planning","authors":"Margrit I. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96388-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96388-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women in most societies were the original builders. Nowhere appears the loss suffered as a result of the suppression of women and the degradation of feminine principles, by society as a whole, as blatantly obvious as in our built environment.</p><p>Based on my own experiences and observations as an architect, as well as historic and so-called ‘anonymous’ examples of an architecture shaped by women, and studies related to genetic, social, and psychological sex differences, it seems safe to suggest that there would be a significant difference between an environment shaped by women, female values and priorities, and our present environment shaped mainly by men, male values and priorities.</p><p>This article deals with seven hypotheses. It defines male and female principles in architecture, suggests traits of an alternative architecture shaped by women and discusses some of the main barriers and more recent opportunities which would allow women to rediscover, accept and design according to their specific goals, needs and priorities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96388-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79162752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women and technology in ancient Alexandria: Maria and Hypatia","authors":"Margaret Alic","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96493-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96493-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since earliest times women have been important contributors to the advancement of technology, but we know very little about the work of specific women in antiquity. This paper reviews our knowledge of the technological innovations made by two women in Alexandria—Maria the Jewess and Hypatia. Their inventions may be the earliest technological work that can be ascribed to individual women. Maria probably lived in the first century. She was one of the founders of both theoretical and experimental alchemy. She is credited with the invention of laboratory apparatus that remain basic tools of the modern chemist. Hypatia (370–415) is better known for her mathematical work, but her designs for scientific instruments are of interest as examples of the technological work of ancient women. Her death marked the end of Greek science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96493-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88175478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Men, women and sexuality: A feminist critique of the sociology of deviance","authors":"Sue Rodmell","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)92918-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)92918-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article critically examines a number of works by sociologists of deviance and locates three fundamental inadequacies regarding the nature of male sexual crimes against women. Firstly, there is a failure to distinguish those crimes which are deviant from those which are not; secondly, these writers ignore or trivialize the effects of male sexual crimes on their female victims; and thirdly, a world view is presented in which male sexual violence is recognized as a form of social control only in non-Western societies. The interactionist perspective, a strong current within the sociology of deviance, in particular subsumes heterosexual power structures within the overall context of mutual, consensual sexual relations. My discussion lends support to the claim that even radical sociology remains male-defined by situating the male actor at the centre of the analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)92918-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78554216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sociology and susan sontag: Re-shaping the discipline","authors":"Joanne L. Finkelstein","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93134-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93134-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sociology's origins lie in moral idealism, in a concern to end human misery and, instead, create a humanistic society. It has betrayed these origins through an overconcern with its stature as a science. The desire for academic respectability has limited sociology to conventional methodological practices, whereas, to fulfil its original ambitions it needs a broader vision and wider data base than is conventionally permitted. Indeed, those works outside the academic framework, from the avant-garde to Feminist scholarship, come closer to explaining modernity than does the discipline commissioned to do so. The continuity between all acts of intellectuality and conceptuality is based upon the human experience. The emergence of interpretative frameworks and metalanguages limits understanding: there is a need for broader research questions and perspectives. Feminist scholarship offers that vision and the works of Susan Sontag, her concern with art, photography, language and modernity, illustrate the principles of this alternative scholarship. With sociology reshaped through a new perspective, its research questions would focus on the authoritarianism of knowledge systems; the hierarchical arrangement of ideas; the infantilism of individuals through certain linguistic practices; and the need to construct knowledge which is emancipatory. The arts, the avant-garde, marginal voices and alternative knowledge systems should, thus, become beacons for sociology in its desire to understand the modern, social experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93134-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73034438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women in Portugal","authors":"Madelena Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96032-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96032-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 477-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96032-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22013986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching women and technology at the University of Washington","authors":"Christine Bose, Philip Bereano, Ivy Durslag","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96669-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96669-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 374-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)96669-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73360193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Janet M. Bujra","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)94430-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)94430-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 2","pages":"Page 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)94430-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72630637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of sex roles and psychology of women quarterly","authors":"Beverly M. Walker","doi":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93404-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93404-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85875,"journal":{"name":"Women's studies international quarterly","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 229-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0148-0685(81)93404-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80122477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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