Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies最新文献

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Transcultural Translation and Reliability of Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey Instrument: Thai Version 跨文化翻译与网络欺凌与网络攻击的信度调查工具:泰文版
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.036
Tanatnuch Wongchinsri, Kusalaporn Chaiudomsom, Nawanant Piyavhatkul, Siriwan Piyawattanametha, Wallapa Bunpromma
{"title":"Transcultural Translation and Reliability of Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey Instrument: Thai Version","authors":"Tanatnuch Wongchinsri, Kusalaporn Chaiudomsom, Nawanant Piyavhatkul, Siriwan Piyawattanametha, Wallapa Bunpromma","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.036","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to translate a screening instrument for cyberbullying, Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Survey (COAS), to Thai, then test for its internal consistency and report the prevalence of cyberbullying. The COAS is an original instrument self-report Likert-scale questionnaire consisting of 18 questions with two subscales (9 items each), including Cyberbullying Victimization (CV) and Cyberbullying Offending (CO) scales. The COAS was transculturally translated into a Thai version by forward-backward processes then the content validity was evaluated by six child and adolescent psychiatrists. The internal consistency was explored with secondary school students aged 12 to 18 years in Khon Kaen, a province in Northeastern Thailand. The results showed that the content validity index of the COAS-Thai was 1, and the index of item-objective congruence was 0.67–1.00. From 234 participants, Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.82, with 0.77 for CV and 0.69 for CO subscales. As high as 44.87% reported being involved in a cyberbullying incidence. In conclusion, the COAS-Thai had acceptable reliability, and almost half of the participants reported being involved in cyberbullying. However, future studies are required to improve the quality of the cyberbullying survey in the context of Thai society.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48654245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Factors Affecting Readmission to a Drug Rehabilitation Center in Brunei Darussalam 影响文莱达鲁萨兰国戒毒中心再入院的因素
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.033
Fadzilah Jali, E. Leong, Haziq Jamil
{"title":"Factors Affecting Readmission to a Drug Rehabilitation Center in Brunei Darussalam","authors":"Fadzilah Jali, E. Leong, Haziq Jamil","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.033","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the sociodemographic factors contributing to the readmission to a drug rehabilitation center among drug addicts in Brunei Darussalam. This retrospective study used de-identified data obtained from the Al-Islah Rehabilitation Center for the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses with a stepwise variable selection method were used to estimate and determine significant factors associated with readmission to the center. A total of 92 out of 705 subjects (13%) were readmitted to the rehabilitation center within the study period, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years (M = 36.1, SD = 8.6 years). Multiple logistic regression found that subjects who were in the age group of 40 to 49 (OR = 2.24, 95% CI [1.16, 4.37]) resided in the Belait district (OR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.00, 3.63]), divorced or widowed (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.19, 3.82]), had committed other criminal offenses (OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.16, 3.11]), and voluntarily admitted (OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.34, 4.01]), were found to be significantly more likely to get readmitted to the rehabilitation center. This study provides evidence of sociodemographic factors in relation to readmission to the rehabilitation center in Brunei Darussalam.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the Determinants of Women’s Age at First Marriage in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Insights From Quantile Regression (QR) Approaches 评估孟加拉国农村和城市地区妇女初婚年龄的决定因素:来自分位数回归(QR)方法的见解
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.034
Sorif Hossain, Moyazzem Hossain, S. Yeasmin, Md. Shabbir Hossain Bhuiyea, Promit Barua Chowdhury, M. T. F. Khan
{"title":"Assessing the Determinants of Women’s Age at First Marriage in Rural and Urban Areas of Bangladesh: Insights From Quantile Regression (QR) Approaches","authors":"Sorif Hossain, Moyazzem Hossain, S. Yeasmin, Md. Shabbir Hossain Bhuiyea, Promit Barua Chowdhury, M. T. F. Khan","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.034","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the determinants of age at first marriage of women in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and quantile regression (QR) were employed for analyzing the secondary datasets collected from the 2006, 2012–2013, and 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The study reveals that the prevalence of early marriage in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh was extremely high (79% vs. 21%) in 2019. An increasing trend of early marriage in rural areas is evident from 2006 to 2012 compared to a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2019. On the contrary, an opposite scenario is evident in the urban areas. The MLR and QR analysis consistently show that women’s age, geographical division, ethnic group, religion, wealth index, and women’s education are significantly associated with age at first marriage. More specifically, the higher likelihood of early marriage is evident for women living in rural areas, with a low family income, and lower education, living either in Barisal, Rangpur, Khulna, or Rajshahi, and believing in Islam. Generating and implementing more income opportunities for women, raising awareness about the drawback of early marriage, and designing new strategies would improve the current situation.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Diffusion Test of Fertility Decline in Arab Countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region 中东北非地区阿拉伯国家生育率下降的扩散检验
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-04-17 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.032
Chaimae Drioui, Bouchra El Bidaoui, F. Bakass
{"title":"Diffusion Test of Fertility Decline in Arab Countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region","authors":"Chaimae Drioui, Bouchra El Bidaoui, F. Bakass","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.032","url":null,"abstract":"After a long period of resistance and indications reflecting a natural regime, with variable starting points and rhythms, fertility has finally transited in all Arab countries of the MENA region. This paper aims to analyze this fertility decline to identify precursors and laggards in the shift to conscious birth control and test whether this widespread and rapid decline results from a process of spatiotemporal diffusion. The data used are the United Nations estimates back to 1950. Two approaches are used for dating fertility decline: Schmertmann et al. (2010) is based on the total fertility rate, and Coale and Treadway’s (1986) method is based on Coale’s Ig marital fertility index. The Knox statistic was used for the diffusion theory test. According to the two methods, the clustering of countries does not show significant differences other than a few exceptions. However, the diffusion theory test yields different results for the two approaches used. For the first method, the test is significant at the 6% level, which indicates that birth control has occurred through a contagion process among countries. However, this diffusion process was not established using the second approach, which may result from social and intentional diffusion instead. The proximate and contextual characteristics analysis in the pioneer countries around the start-up shows that the settings were favorable. The new fertility behaviors emerged first from the elites and the cities.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Term Care in Turkey: Towards a Growing Crisis of Aged Care 土耳其的长期护理:面对日益严重的老年护理危机
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.031
Serkan Deği̇rmenci̇
{"title":"Long-Term Care in Turkey: Towards a Growing Crisis of Aged Care","authors":"Serkan Deği̇rmenci̇","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.031","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey exemplifies a typical familialistic long-term care regime as having a negligible degree of state and market participation in the active delivery of aged care services. However, demographic and economic changes necessitate a transition towards a new type of care regime. An upward shift in the population’s age structure and increasing economic strains weaken the caregiving capacities of Turkish families. This paper analyzes demographic and economic factors within a demand-supply framework to question the future sustainability of the existing care regime. It presents descriptive evidence for a growing crisis of aged care in Turkey by focusing on long-term care. It also assesses the implications of a cash-for-care (CfC) scheme devised by the government to keep the care provision of disabled older people within the family sphere. Overall, this paper contributes to the ongoing debates on the distribution of aged care responsibilities by conceptualizing the proposed solution as semi-familialized care–namely, a set of alternative strategies to overcome the aged care challenges families face in Turkey. The main pillars of this proposal are much greater involvement of the state in aged care, together with some support services and entitlements granted to the family caregivers.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Reasons for the Absence of Aging PoliciesinIndonesian Universities: A Case Study of Two Fully Autonomous Public Universities 印尼大学老龄化政策缺失的原因——以两所完全自主的公立大学为例
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.030
A. P. Ramadhan, Suzyrman Sibly, Hamoon Khelghat-Doost
{"title":"The Reasons for the Absence of Aging PoliciesinIndonesian Universities: A Case Study of Two Fully Autonomous Public Universities","authors":"A. P. Ramadhan, Suzyrman Sibly, Hamoon Khelghat-Doost","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.030","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, more than 27% of academic staff at Indonesian public universities were over 60, suggesting the importance of clearly stated policies on aging in these institutions. However, an aging policy is still absent in public universities. Thus, the purpose of this study is to ascertain why Indonesian public universities lack a distinct policy for their older academic staff. An exploratory qualitative approach was employed in this study. Two fully autonomous and well-known public universities in Indonesia were chosen as case studies. The selected members of top management of these universities comprising the rector, vice-rectors, and directors were individually interviewed. The result of the study revealed that these institutions do not have a specified aging policy. The result also highlighted eight reasons why public universities do not have an aging policy in their institution. The study suggests further investigation of the reasons for the absence of aging policies in Indonesian universities are carried out using a large sample size within fully autonomous public universities, non-fully autonomous public universities, and private universities to delve deeper into the reasons for the absence of an aging policy.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46330511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Social Gradient in Physical Mobility: An Investigation Among the OlderPopulation in India 身体流动的社会梯度:印度老年人口的调查
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.029
D. Ghosh
{"title":"Social Gradient in Physical Mobility: An Investigation Among the OlderPopulation in India","authors":"D. Ghosh","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.029","url":null,"abstract":"In densely populated developing countries like India, the constant rise in the older population has worsened the burden of palliative care. Palliative care is primarily required for older people who are physically disabled. To address the issue of palliative care, a thorough understanding of physical immobility among the older population is required. Therefore, the present study aims at an in-depth understanding of the trajectory of mobility decline as well as the critical nexus between physical immobility and social status in late life.The study uses nationally representative unit-level secondary data from two rounds of the National Sample Survey of India conducted in 2004 and 2014 to examine the underlying association between socioeconomic class and physical mobility loss among older individuals. The findings suggest that physical immobility among older adults is closely related to the social gradient. Socioeconomic factors like socioreligious identity, income, education level, household type, living environment, and gender significantly influence the physical immobility in old age. The results of this study contribute to understanding the dynamics and variability of physical immobility among older individuals and help in developing policies to reduce the future burden of palliative care.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41606334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rural-Urban Differentials in Levels and Correlatesof Financial Inclusion Among Nigerian Women Aged 18to 49 尼日利亚18至49岁妇女金融包容性水平和相关性的城乡差异
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.026
Y. Adewoyin, I. Nwosu, O. G. Ossai, Juliana C. Onuh
{"title":"Rural-Urban Differentials in Levels and Correlatesof Financial Inclusion Among Nigerian Women Aged 18to 49","authors":"Y. Adewoyin, I. Nwosu, O. G. Ossai, Juliana C. Onuh","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.026","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, there is a gap in financial inclusion between men and women. Bridging this gap is imperative considering the impact of women’s financial inclusion on poverty eradication, household socioeconomic development, and attainment of related Sustainable Development Goals. Inline with the Nigerian government’s efforts at scaling up financial inclusion and bridging the gender gap, this study assessed the level of women’s financial inclusion in Nigeria. It hypothesized that correlates vary between urban and rural Nigeria. Data from 36,601 women aged 18 to 49 were extracted from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. The data were analyzed at univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. Results show the prevalence of women's financial inclusion at 20.7%, 18.5%,and 22.2% at the national, urban, and rural levels, respectively. Women without education, whose husbands also had no education, and the poor were more financially included in rural areas but least in urban areas (p< 0.05). Education, wealth, and religion were significant correlates of financial inclusion in rural areas (p< 0.05), but not in urban areas. Therefore, strategies to scale women’s financial inclusion should be cognizant of the rural-urban differentials.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41849550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fertility Intentions Among High-Parity Women in Nigeria: How Satisfying Are Four Living Children? 尼日利亚高生育率妇女的生育意愿:四个活着的孩子有多满意?
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.028
O. Olaseinde, Olusola Gabriel Owagbemi, J. Aruna, Miracle-Eunice Bolorunduro
{"title":"Fertility Intentions Among High-Parity Women in Nigeria: How Satisfying Are Four Living Children?","authors":"O. Olaseinde, Olusola Gabriel Owagbemi, J. Aruna, Miracle-Eunice Bolorunduro","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.028","url":null,"abstract":"The efforts at reducing Nigerian rapid population growth are anchored in strategies to achieve fertility decline. These approaches have yielded negligible impact as fertility preference remains high among most Nigerian women of reproductive age who are still giving birth to more than an average of four children previously recommended by a national policy. Studies have focused on fertility preference among various groups of childbearing women, but knowledge of the issue among high-parity women needs to be further explored. Employing chi-square and binary logistic regression for analyses, the data on women who had at least four living children were extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018 NDHS)to examine the associated factors of fertility intentions. The results indicate significant relationships of fertility intentions with women’s current age, region of residence, level of education, and husband’s desire for more children. Other predictors of fertility intentions are ideal number of children, children ever born, and number of living children. The study concludes that having four children is not compatible with the desired level of fertility for women due to the influence of the identified predictors. The study recommends proper advocacy on socially and economically desirable fertility levels for women.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Direct and Indirect Income Support and Their Determinants: Developing an Income Profile for Older Adults in Sri Lanka 直接和间接收入支持及其决定因素:发展斯里兰卡老年人收入概况
Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.25133/jpssv302022.027
C. Shyama, Tiloka de Silva
{"title":"Direct and Indirect Income Support and Their Determinants: Developing an Income Profile for Older Adults in Sri Lanka","authors":"C. Shyama, Tiloka de Silva","doi":"10.25133/jpssv302022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25133/jpssv302022.027","url":null,"abstract":"Given the rapid increase in population aging and older population dependency rates, a sound understanding of old-age income support systems is vital for formulating effective policy responses. This research studies old-age income sources to develop an income profile for older adults in Sri Lanka, measuring direct and indirect income sources using nationally representative survey data from Household Income and Expenditure Surveys 1995/1996 and 2016. In the absence of direct information on intergenerational transfers, we investigate the material support older adults receive from their families, an essential source of income in many developing countries. We found that while indirect income support, cash transfers, and employment are vital sources of old-age income, there have been significant changes in the composition of old-age income over time. Indirect income support is becoming less important, and income from employment and formal cash transfers is becoming more prominent. These results highlight potential avenues to improve the economic well-being of older adults, such as increasing the mandatory retirement age and taking measures to provide decent employment opportunities for older adults while also expanding pension coverage to all types of workers and access to social security for vulnerable groups such as women or the poor.","PeriodicalId":85846,"journal":{"name":"Warasan prachakon lae sangkhom = Journal of population and social studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45947298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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