Austral Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Photographic monitoring of glowworm Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Keroplatidae) bioluminescence in a tourist cave reveals diurnal and annual cycles","authors":"David J. Merritt","doi":"10.1111/aen.12705","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aen.12705","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glowworms are the bioluminescent larvae of a group of dipteran insects related to fungus gnats. They require sheltered, consistently moist conditions and are found in aggregations on the walls and ceilings of caves and near streams in wet forests where they attract flying insects as prey. The Waitomo Glowworm Cave in New Zealand receives many thousands of visitors each year to see the colony of the glowworm, <i>Arachnocampa luminosa</i>. The cave climate is managed to ensure the glowworms are not harmed by influxes of dry air, as happened in the 1970s. To monitor the population and warn of catastrophic population declines, time-lapse photographic monitoring of the glowworm population began in 2011 using a permanent, fixed camera. Photographs are taken 30 min apart. The population exhibits synchronised diurnal cycles of bioluminescence intensity. The time of the acrophase (the peak) of the diurnal cycle varied seasonally between 5 <span>pm</span> in early southern spring and 8 <span>pm</span> in summer. Cross-correlation analyses with cave and water temperatures incorporating time lags suggest that this annual cycle could be related to changes in the composition or density of prey insects. Annual cycles also occur in the number of glowing larvae and their overall intensity. In most years, the numbers are lowest in winter and increase in spring to produce the brightest display through summer. The summer peak is not seen every year and autocorrelation of the 13-year time series of count shows signs of a 3- to 4-year cycle beyond the annual periodicity. The availability of prey in the cave chamber could influence the annual cycles in glowworm density, underscoring the need for a deeper knowledge of the bionomics of prey species, mainly Chironomidae (non-biting midges). The photographic monitoring has proven to be a useful component of the management of the glowworm population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 3","pages":"379-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults and immatures of Udeus cerradensis Lira, de Medeiros & Grossi, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a flower visitor of Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae) preyed upon by paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)","authors":"Aline O. Lira,&nbsp;Bruno A. S. de Medeiros,&nbsp;Daniel P. P. Aguiar,&nbsp;Paschoal C. Grossi","doi":"10.1111/aen.12691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Udeus</i> Champion, 1902 is a weevil genus in the tribe Eugnomini associated with the inflorescences of <i>Cecropia</i> Loefl. (Urticaceae), with 11 valid species distributed in the Neotropics. Species of <i>Udeus</i> are generally rare in collections and their biology is poorly known, despite a high abundance in nature. Here, we describe <i>Udeus cerradensis</i> Lira, de Medeiros &amp; Grossi, <b>sp. nov.</b> from the Brazilian Cerrado, including the first descriptions of larvae and pupae for a Neotropical eugnomine. We assess their role as potential pollinators of their host plant <i>Cecropia saxatilis</i> Snethl. and find that adults do not visit pistillate flowers and therefore are unlikely to be pollinators. This contrasts with previous reports in a different pair of species in <i>Cecropia</i>-<i>Udeus</i>, suggesting that pollinator agents vary between species in this plant genus. Finally, we provide notes about the predation of larvae of <i>U. cerradensis</i> by social wasps <i>Synoeca surinama</i> (L.) and <i>Protopolybia</i> aff. <i>sedula</i> (Saussure), revealing that, in this instance, an endophytic larva does not prevent predation by a behaviourally flexible predator. This study is the first of a series on the natural history of <i>Udeus</i> and their specialised interactions with host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"244-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deviant unicorns: monocerate and dicerate versions of Carlotta Roewer, 1943 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with description of four new species from Eastern Brazil","authors":"Adriano Brilhante Kury,&nbsp;Amanda Cruz Mendes","doi":"10.1111/aen.12683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12683","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the understanding of the harvestman genus <i>Carlotta</i> Roewer, 1943, is expanded. <i>Carlotta</i> currently comprises two species found in central Espírito Santo state. The descriptions of the existing <i>Carlotta</i> species have been supplemented, including genital morphology. Four new species are herein described—<i>Carlotta beckeri</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Carlotta bicornis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Carlotta iohannis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Carlotta obtortrix</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>—extending the range of the genus both southwards and northwards from southern Espírito Santo to southern Bahia. Among the new findings, a unique trait is exhibited by two species: a pair of spines on the ocularium (dicerate), in contrast to a single spine (monocerate). This variation is significant, as the number of spines on the ocularium plays a crucial role in the Roewerian diagnosis for the genus. The characterisation of the genital morphology of <i>Carlotta</i> species is refined, with the identification and naming of two distinctive structures: the dilophium—two parallel lamellate ridges along the disto-ventral surface of the stylus, terminating in a broader loop—and the skeletal flabellum—a framework of arched cylindrical tapering branches with multiple ramifications. By shedding light on these newly identified structures, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity and evolutionary traits within the Gonyleptidae is contributed through this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"175-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Sierola Cameron, 1881 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Norfolk and Phillip Islands","authors":"Karl N. Magnacca","doi":"10.1111/aen.12684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flat wasp genus <i>Sierola</i> Cameron, 1881 is reviewed from Norfolk and Phillip Islands for the first time. Six new species are described: <i>S. bounites</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>S. dysmica</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>S. idae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>S. incomitata</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>S. longisetae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, and <i>S. phillipensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> The fauna is surprisingly large for such small islands, but consistent with high diversity of the genus found elsewhere in the Pacific. The low collecting effort and small number of specimens for most of the species suggests that more remain to be found.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"210-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myrmecia: Volume 60, Part 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aen.12702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12702","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No abstract is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"N1-N44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of Paralucia Waterhouse & Turner, 1905 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the highlands of south-eastern Australia","authors":"Michael F. Braby","doi":"10.1111/aen.12688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12688","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new species of lycaenid butterfly, <i>Paralucia crosbyi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Theclinae: Luciini), is described, diagnosed and illustrated from Namadgi National Park, ACT, and adjacent areas in New South Wales in the highlands of south-eastern Australia. It is most similar to <i>Paralucia spinifera</i> E.D. Edwards &amp; Common, 1978, but comparative morphology of the adult and immature stages indicates fundamental differences between the two species. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>) of all <i>Paralucia</i> species recovered <i>P. crosbyi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>P. spinifera</i> as reciprocally monophyletic, with a mean uncorrected ‘<i>p</i>’ pairwise divergence of 0.93%. <i>Paralucia crosbyi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> appears to be a narrow-range endemic, restricted to dry montane eucalypt open woodland or woodland between 920 and 1130 m asl, in which the mean annual rainfall varies from 700 to 800 mm and where an abundance of the larval food plant <i>Bursaria spinosa</i> Cav. subsp. <i>lasiophylla</i> (E.M.Benn.) L. Cayzer, Crisp &amp; I. Telford (Pittosporaceae) and colonies of the attendant ant <i>Anonychomyrma</i> sp. (<i>itinerans</i> species group) (Dolichoderinae) are established. The immature stages are described, illustrated and compared with those of <i>P. spinifera</i> and <i>P. aurifera</i> (Blanchard, [1848]). Despite being limited to high altitudes, adults fly in late winter–early spring (late July to early October). The species is univoltine, with much of the year (~9 months) passed in the pupal stage. The ecology, biology and life cycle are discussed, and a likely mode of speciation is hypothesised.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"224-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hymenopteran parasitoids of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) in Australia, with the description of five new species in the families Braconidae and Eulophidae","authors":"Erinn P. Fagan-Jeffries,&nbsp;Melina M. Miles,&nbsp;Tareva-Chine C. Atkin-Zaldivar,&nbsp;Andy G. Howe,&nbsp;Siva Subramaniam,&nbsp;Donna M. Chambers,&nbsp;Frezzel Praise J. Tadle,&nbsp;Saleh M. Adnan,&nbsp;Verni Sivasubramaniam,&nbsp;Alice Woodward","doi":"10.1111/aen.12682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12682","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) is an invasive pest of agricultural crops including sweet corn and maize. The moth was first recorded in Australia in January 2020 and is now considered established in most states and territories, and research is underway to develop management strategies. Extensive rearing of <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae and eggs occurred from March 2020 to April 2023 to understand the parasitoid complex present in Australia and identify potential biological control agents. We report here on the hymenopteran parasitoids reared during this period, which were identified using a combination of morphology and COI DNA barcoding, and provide images, a key to species, and contextual information to facilitate future research. Twelve species of parasitoids from five families of Hymenoptera are formally reported as parasitising <i>S. frugiperda</i> in Australia. Five species are here described as new: <i>Chelonus patbat</i> Fagan-Jeffries, <b>sp. nov.</b> (Braconidae), <i>Chelonus trojanus</i> Fagan-Jeffries, <b>sp. nov.</b> (Braconidae), <i>Coccygidium mellosiheroine</i> Atkin-Zaldivar &amp; Fagan-Jeffries, <b>sp. nov.</b> (Braconidae), <i>Coccygidium necatrix</i> Atkin-Zaldivar &amp; Fagan-Jeffries, <b>sp. nov.</b> (Braconidae), and <i>Euplectrus frugiperdata</i> Fagan-Jeffries, <b>sp. nov.</b> (Eulophidae).</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"136-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floods and fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): the Australian experience","authors":"Ross Wylie,&nbsp;Matt McKinney,&nbsp;Austin McLennan,&nbsp;Melinda K. McNaught","doi":"10.1111/aen.12692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rafting behaviour of the red imported fire ant, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i>, in response to flooding events is well documented, although studies generally have focussed on the mechanisms of raft assembly and the behaviour of the raft's occupants. Flooding as a means of dispersal of <i>S. invicta</i> is frequently mentioned in the literature, although there are few data on the distances travelled or how effective it is compared to natural flight. In Australia, <i>S. invicta</i> is a priority invasive species with a national eradication program operating for 23 years, focussed on the population in southeast Queensland, which currently encompasses more than 700 000 ha. Flooding presents a risk to the success of the program through extending the infestation area or recolonising successfully treated areas. We used the program's extensive spatiotemporal dataset of known fire ant colony locations to assess the effects of two significant flood events on the dispersal or displacement of <i>S. invicta</i> in Queensland. Results indicated that flooding did not spread <i>S. invicta</i> beyond the known boundaries of infestation but contributed to localised spread, particularly for sites with known polygyne infestations. This situation could change if the ant spreads to new river catchments. A novel method developed to assess the risk of <i>S. invicta</i> dispersal through flooding is presented, alongside program actions that can be applied to mitigate this risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 3","pages":"369-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green cutworm Anicla ignicans (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Identity, geographical distribution, immature morphology, host plants and biology in controlled conditions","authors":"Mônica Piovesan,&nbsp;Elton Orlandin,&nbsp;Eduardo Carneiro,&nbsp;Lidia Venâncio,&nbsp;Vânia Ferreira Roque-Specht,&nbsp;Mirna Martins Casagrande,&nbsp;Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke,&nbsp;Felipe Alverne Dourado Bonfin,&nbsp;Paulo Victor Machado Vieira,&nbsp;Alexandre Specht","doi":"10.1111/aen.12689","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aen.12689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The subgenus <i>Anicla</i>, commonly known as green cutworms, harbours some of the owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuinae), whose larvae are notable for their economic importance. Knowledge of the immature stages for this group is available for three of the nine described species. <i>Anicla infecta</i> Ochsenheimer, 1816 is widely distributed in the Americas and is especially abundant in agricultural ecosystems. However, in the Neotropics, its economic damage can be confused with sympatric species, including <i>Anicla ignicans</i> (Guenée, 1852), whose distributions overlap in most parts of the American continent. In this sense, here, the identity of <i>A. ignicans</i> is investigated through its geographical distribution, based on molecular and morphological data. Additionally, the morphological and behavioural traits of immature stages were described in detail, information about its geographical distribution and larval host plants was gathered, and the species' biological parameters from larvae reared on an artificial diet were determined. <i>Anicla ignicans</i> is distributed throughout the Neotropical region, preferably in areas with xeric and/or grass-dominated ecosystems. The eggs present valuable characters to distinguish <i>A. ignicans</i> from other owlet moth species, such as the reduced number of ribs, the way the micropyle openings are arranged and the shape of the aeropyles. However, the larvae show very similar chromatic polymorphisms to other <i>Anicla</i> species. Although <i>A. ignicans</i> prefer to feed on grasses, it was observed that more than 85% of the larvae that were fed with a modified bean-based Greene diet survived. Additionally, the percentage of time for each phase of development obtained here is very similar for the different species of <i>Anicla</i>, regardless of the temperature or feeding of the larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"283-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population dynamics and prey community of the invasive paper wasp Polistes chinensis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in a protected coastal habitat in New Zealand","authors":"Aiden Reason,&nbsp;Antoine Felden,&nbsp;Mariana Bulgarella,&nbsp;Philip J. Lester","doi":"10.1111/aen.12690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Asian paper wasp (<i>Polistes chinensis</i>) is an invasive species in New Zealand and a voracious arthropod predator, incorporating a wide range of prey into its diet. We examined the colony survival and prey community composition of these wasps in a protected coastal habitat in New Zealand. Paper wasp colonies at this site were surveyed and monitored weekly over two summers. Our data showed that only ~20% of the monitored colonies each year survived until late summer, with high rates of colony mortality in late spring and early summer. We collected samples of wasp larval guts over a temporal gradient in one nesting season, and via DNA metabarcoding analysis, we identified the prey species consumed. The prey species most frequently identified in larval samples were endemic cicadas and several lepidopteran species. No native arthropod species of known conservation concern were identified in the analysis. However, 63% of the unique taxon sequences retrieved could not be identified by genus or species level, likely due to the absence of reference barcodes. These taxa may represent a group of understudied species, potentially highly endemic or localised. Our analysis indicates that these invasive wasps are opportunistic-generalist predators with the potential to exert high predation pressure on native arthropods. <i>P. chinensis</i> may be preying on a range of understudied species, especially in remote, natural habitats across New Zealand. We recommend future studies continue to barcode native New Zealand arthropods in order to improve the taxonomic assignments of dietary studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"63 2","pages":"306-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}