Austral Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Promoting Pollination and Pollinators in Farming. By Peter Kevan, D. Susan Willis Chan (Eds.), Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Ltd. 2023. pp. 414, 229 × 152 mm. Some colour photos and drawings. £145.00 Hardback. ISBN: 97818014 0989.","authors":"Katja Hogendoorn","doi":"10.1111/aen.12643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"268-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of Cerodontha australis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its associated pupal endoparasitoids (Hymenoptera)","authors":"Joanne G. Jensen,&nbsp;Nicola K. Richards,&nbsp;Disna N. Gunawardana,&nbsp;Dongmei Li","doi":"10.1111/aen.12644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The wheat sheath miner, <i>Cerodontha australis</i>, is widespread and abundant in New Zealand and also occurs in eastern Australia. Adult and larval <i>C. australis</i> feed on cereals and grasses, including the economically important perennial ryegrass, <i>Lolium perenne</i>. There is little literature about <i>C. australis</i>, and much of the early work may relate to other species due to its initial misidentification. Morphology-based identification can be challenging, and the absence of online barcode sequences from voucher specimens for <i>C. australis</i> has precluded diagnosis using molecular techniques. In this study, two individual adult leafminers collected from <i>L. perenne</i> plants in New Zealand were confirmed as <i>C. australis</i> morphologically. One has been retained as a voucher specimen and its mitochondrial barcode sequence submitted to online databases. Comparison with adult and larval specimens previously sequenced by the authors confirmed they were also <i>C. australis</i>. Molecular identification of 20 hymenopteran pupal endoparasitoids, and a subset of the puparia they emerged from, revealed <i>Trichopria</i> sp. (Diapriidae), <i>Eupelmus messene</i> (Eupelmidae) and three haplotypes (or closely related species) of Eulophidae. Sequences for all wasps were submitted to GenBank. All the puparia were visually identified as <i>C. australis</i>, and a subset that included a host pupa of each identified endoparasitoid species were confirmed as <i>C. australis</i> based on comparison with our barcode sequence. This work will aid future studies on <i>C. australis</i> and has allowed identification of unidentified sequences on public databases formerly submitted by other New Zealand researchers. It also provides new records of association between <i>C. australis</i> and its pupal endoparasitoids. More broadly, our study provides an example of the importance of authoritative morphological identification of specimens alongside molecular identification, and highlights the challenges in identifying species for which this has not been done.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"257-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Australian butterfly genus Cyprotides Tite, 1963 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with descriptions of three new taxa","authors":"Michael F. Braby","doi":"10.1111/aen.12634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Taxonomic review of the monotypic Australian endemic lycaenid genus <i>Cyprotides</i> Tite, 1963, based on comparative evidence of adult and juvenile morphology and biology, indicates that it comprises three allopatric and ecologically distinct species: <i>C. pallescens</i> Tite, 1963 <b>stat. rev.</b>, <i>C. cyprotus</i> (Olliff, 1886) and <i>C. maculosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> <i>Cyprotides cyprotus</i> is considered to comprise three subspecies: <i>C. cyprotus cyprotus</i> (Olliff, 1886) in the Sydney Sandstone region; <i>C. cyprotus lucidus</i> <b>ssp. nov.</b> in the semi-arid zone of inland central New South Wales, north-western Victoria, South Australia, and south-western Western Australia; and <i>C. cyprotus aridus</i> <b>ssp. nov.</b> in the arid zone of southern Northern Territory and Western Australia. In contrast, <i>C. maculosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> appears to be a narrow-range endemic, restricted to subalpine areas in south-eastern Australia (~1100–1500 m asl). Information on the distribution, ecology and biology is reviewed and summarised for each of these five taxa, with additional data provided on the habitat and conservation status of <i>C. maculosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, which is considered to be Endangered under IUCN Red List Criteria. All three species appear to be characterised by predominantly univoltine life cycles but with variable pupal diapause that may last up to 2–3 years, larval polymorphism, facultative associations with ants, pupal stridulation and rapid larval development involving only four instars. It is hypothesised that speciation within this genus has occurred recently, driven by reinforcement following secondary contact, leading to pre-mating isolation and character displacement, resulting in divergent phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 1","pages":"15-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trunk-nesting form of the processionary caterpillar Ochrogaster lunifer (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) restricted to a single host species Corymbia tessellaris (Myrtaceae), with some comparisons to the ground-nesting form","authors":"Lynda E. Perkins,&nbsp;Mizuki Uemura,&nbsp;Myron P. Zalucki","doi":"10.1111/aen.12642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Bag-shelter moth <i>Ochrogaster lunifer</i> (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Thaumetopoeinae) is an endemic species of medical and veterinary importance that occurs throughout Australia. The gregarious species is variable with four phylogenetic clades recently identified. One clade comprises trunk-nesters restricted to one host: the Moreton Bay Ash, <i>Corymbia tessellaris</i> (Myrtaceae). Here, we describe aspects of the biology and ecology of this distinctive nesting form dupped the ‘tree-hugger’ due to its flattish, thick silk nests that hug the trunk and larger branches. The form is univoltine; egg masses are laid in spring and the gregarious larvae develop through seven instars until the mature larvae stop feeding in autumn and later leave the nest (in a procession). The larvae over-winter in the ground as pre-pupae in a loose cocoon of silk. Pupation occurs in late winter and adults emerge in spring. Forty-six per cent of monitored egg masses succeeded in developing through the lifecycle. Tachinids were common parasites of older larvae. Tree-hugger nests provided some insulation against summer heat during the mornings, but the physical characteristics of the nests and tree trunks and the average southern orientation of the nests likely protect larvae against extreme heat. The tree-hugger form of <i>O. lunifer</i> appears morphologically similar to the more ubiquitous ground-nesting form, but there are differences in the colour of egg masses and adults, and in the behaviour and ecology of the larvae and adults. This information adds to the body of evidence supporting the definition of separate species within what is currently known as <i>O. lunifer</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"246-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision of Nothepyris Evans, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of four new species","authors":"Wesley D. Colombo,&nbsp;Celso O. Azevedo","doi":"10.1111/aen.12633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Nothepyris</i> Evans, 1973 is revised. Six species are recognised, two being previously described species, <i>Nothepyris brasiliensis</i> Evans, 1973 and <i>Nothepyris pretiosus</i> Colombo &amp; Azevedo, 2019, and four species described and illustrated as new, <i>Nothepyris beedrill</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Nothepyris combee</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Nothepyris durant</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Nothepyris vespiquen</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. The species <i>Nothepyris sulcatus</i> (Azevedo, 1999) <b>syn. nov.</b> is proposed as a junior synonym of <i>Nothepyris brasiliensis</i>. For the first time, males of this genus are described, and the morphology of the male genitalia is compared and discussed with other Scleroderminae. An updated taxonomic key to all species for both sexes is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myrmecia: Volume 59, Part 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aen.12603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No abstract is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 1","pages":"N1-N56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control","authors":"Angela E. Ezeh,&nbsp;James P. Hereward,&nbsp;Michael D. Day,&nbsp;Tamara Taylor,&nbsp;Michael J. Furlong","doi":"10.1111/aen.12641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the identity of potential control agents is critical to successful biological control and can contribute to our understanding of the failures of previous introductions, especially in cases where host-associated cryptic species may be present. In 1975, a mealybug was introduced into Australia from Argentina for the classical biological control of the invasive cactus <i>Harrisia martinii</i> (Cactaceae). This cactus also originates from Argentina and is an environmental and agricultural weed in parts of Australia. Since its release, the imported mealybug species has been incorrectly referred to as <i>Hypogeococcus festerianus</i> (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the applied literature, and its performance as a biological control agent has been considered poor in some locations. In this study, the identities of mealybug specimens collected from 10 locations in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, were assessed. The genetic, morphological and reproductive characteristics of these specimens were compared with those of two congeneric mealybug species, <i>Hypogeococcus pungens</i> sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and <i>Hypogeococcus festerianus</i>. Specimens from the different Australian localities examined were all very similar to each other morphologically and genetically, based on comparisons of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. The morphological features of all the specimens were typical of <i>Hypogeococcus pungens</i> sensu stricto. <i>H. pungens</i> is now considered to constitute a species complex, and the specimens from Australia are genetically similar to the Cactaceae clade of this species complex from Argentina. In common with <i>H. pungens s. s</i>., the insects collected in Australia can also reproduce parthenogenetically. These findings help confirm that all populations of the mealybug in Australia are not <i>H. festerianus</i>, but part of the <i>H. pungens</i> cryptic species complex. There is no mismatch between this agent and the host plant in Australia, as <i>H. martinii</i> is one of the host plants of the most closely related cryptic species of <i>H. pungens</i> in the native range in Argentina. Thus, despite the original confusion around its identity, the variable performance of the introduced mealybug as a biological control agent of <i>H. martini</i> in Australia is likely due to other factors, and these require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50129436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography, passive surveillance and potential habitat modelling of an Australian giant trapdoor spider (Idiopidae: Euoplos grandis) from the Queensland Brigalow Belt: half a decade of population monitoring for conservation outcomes","authors":"Michael G. Rix,&nbsp;Jeremy D. Wilson,&nbsp;Melinda J. Laidlaw,&nbsp;Mark S. Harvey,&nbsp;Alan G. Rix,&nbsp;David C. Rix","doi":"10.1111/aen.12639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>‘Slow science’ approaches to generating authoritative longitudinal datasets for long-term monitoring are fundamental to conservation biology. Following reports of significant arthropod declines worldwide, and recent climate-driven disasters such as the devastating ‘Black Summer’ bushfires of 2019–2020, there has been a renewed focus on invertebrate conservation in Australia and further calls for informative baseline datasets with which to understand increasingly rapid biotic change. Trapdoor spiders of the infraorder Mygalomorphae, in particular, have been the subject of decades of research highlighting their sensitivity to environmental change and their special significance to conservation biology. In 2019, the senior author and collaborators introduced within this journal a new long-term monitoring study system for an Australian mygalomorph spider (<i>Euoplos grandis</i> Wilson &amp; Rix, 2019; family Idiopidae), then in its infancy with just 18 months of quantitative demographic data. In the current study, we extend and build upon that work and provide a synthesis of demographic information accumulated over half a decade, resulting in 166 collective years' worth of times-series data from 101 individual spiders. We infer an estimated average cumulative growth curve for the species based on census data from 77 spiders, with evidence for a 7+-year juvenile female growth period and a potential life span for adult females of over 20 years. Passive surveillance using a camera trap deployed at the study site for 8 months resulted in significant advances in our understanding of the biology and behaviour of <i>E. grandis</i>, with a suite of behaviours observed for the first time, including rarely documented interactions with conspecifics, potential predators and prey. We further summarise the results of maximum entropy potential habitat modelling as informed by extensive on-ground surveys and a refined taxonomy, and provide an updated conservation assessment using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. These results reveal that <i>E. grandis</i> is a Vulnerable threatened species endemic to the highly fragmented southern Brigalow Belt bioregion, with population dynamics and life history characteristics that underscore the considerable sensitivity of Australian idiopid trapdoor spiders to a multitude of threatening processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"200-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control of weeds in Australia: the last 120 years","authors":"J. M. Cullen,&nbsp;W. A. Palmer,&nbsp;A. W. Sheppard","doi":"10.1111/aen.12638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of the field of biological control of weeds in Australia is described, from the first attempts in 1903 to the present day. The interest sparked by the obvious success of prickly pear program, apparent from 1930 to 1935, resulted in several programs during the next 20 years, followed by a decline in activity until the 1970s when activity increased enormously following the success of the skeleton weed program and the effective use of a plant pathogen for the first time. This momentum was maintained until the beginning of the present century with several successes and was marked by several important advances in genetic profiling, host-specificity testing, economic evaluation, conflict of interest resolution and the ecology of insect/plant interactions, including evaluation of the effectiveness of individual introductions. Biological control has proved to be a valuable and effective approach to weed management in Australia with 39% of all programs considered to produce complete or near-complete control, 30.5% partial control and an average benefit–cost ratio of 23:1. Funding for research has been variable with a decline from the late 1990s but with a significant increase again since 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"133-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the sun or stars: how a dune ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) community is shaped along the day and night","authors":"Pedro Henrique Guimarães,&nbsp;Tathiana Guerra Sobrinho,&nbsp;Maykon Passos Cristiano,&nbsp;Danon Clemes Cardoso","doi":"10.1111/aen.12636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12636","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic Forest (AF) is a threatened megadiverse biome distributed from north to south along the ocean of South America and is considered a hotspot of biodiversity. Currently, over 3000 ant taxa are known to occur in AF ecosystems, and many more are expected but may never be acknowledged. The patterns and processes structuring AF ant communities are not well known, urging such studies. Temperature is a fundamental environmental condition that modulates ant species occurrences at different local and regional scales. Global warming may deeply impact species occurrence, dynamics and interactions, and efforts to amplify our understanding of AF biodiversity are urgent. Ants are widely distributed in the dunes, and many species are sensitive to local changes in temperature as some species are considered thermophilic. In open areas such as dunes, the temperature varies considerably over 24 h, with great changes mainly between day and night. In this study, we sought to answer whether the foredune ant community of the Restinga, one of the habitats of the AF, is structured by temperature from day and night. For this, we tested the following hypotheses: (i) temperature influences ant diversity; (ii) in warmer periods, there is a decrease in richness, with an increase in abundance; and (iii) ant species composition varies throughout the day and, consequently, at different temperatures. We arbitrarily drew a parallel transect to the ocean composed of 15 pitfall trap units spaced every 30 m. Traps were changed in five sampling periods: T1 (9:10–13:10 h), T2 (13:40–18:40 h), T3 (19:00–23:00 h), T4 (23:00–03:00 h) and T5 (03:00–07:00 h). In each period, we recorded the ambient temperature and relative humidity. We recovered 11 ant species on the foredunes. Our results showed that the richness and abundance of ants in the daytime period was higher than in the night‐time period, suggesting that temperature positively affected these two parameters of the studied community. The species composition also changed over the sampling periods. Considering that our aim was to describe the species diversity across 24 h of sampling, this ‘quick‐shot’ of the ant community allowed us to determine that temperature and humidity shape their occurrence and activity. These results indicate that there is an interplay between these factors that are correlated and play an important role in structuring ant communities in Restinga foredunes.","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"62 2","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}