Austral Entomology最新文献

{"title":"Oviposition strategies and interactions among invasive and native fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on guava (Psidium guajava L.)","authors":"Jamile Camara Aquino,&nbsp;Alexandre Santos Araújo,&nbsp;Fábio Luis Galvão-Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Souza do Nascimento,&nbsp;Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo","doi":"10.1111/aen.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oviposition and agonistic behaviour are important traits for understanding the pattern of coexistence and choice of host fruit shared between natives and invasive species. This study aimed to evaluate the interspecific interactions and the choice of the oviposition sites among three native species of fruit flies of the genus <i>Anastrepha</i>: <i>Anastrepha obliqua</i> (Macquart), <i>Anastrepha fraterculus</i> (Wiedemann), <i>Anastrepha sororcula</i> Zucchi, and an invasive species, <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> (Wiedemann). The interactions between species were measured by counting the number of eggs laid in semi-ripe and ripe guavas (<i>Psidium guajava</i> L.) in intra and interspecific combinations. Additionally, we compared the absolute frequency of agonistic behaviours in interactions between native and invasive fruit flies. The native species of <i>Anastrepha</i> did not change their preference for the fruit ripening stage, even in face of the invader <i>C. capitata</i>. <i>Anastrepha</i> species and <i>C. capitata</i> preferred to oviposit in semi-ripe fruits, in all experimental scenarios. We also observed that <i>C. capitata</i> avoided interactions with the native species by preferring to oviposit in ripe fruits when in the presence of <i>Anastrepha</i> species. All species reduced the number of laid eggs when in the presence of heterospecific females. Aggression was the most frequent agonistic behaviour in all species combinations, followed by display/stalking and avoidance. Finally, our results showed that aggression behaviour was the most frequent in interactions of <i>Anastrepha</i> species with <i>C. capitata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential parasitoids for management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]) in horticulture systems of tropical Australia","authors":"Frezzel Praise J. Tadle,&nbsp;Saleh Adnan,&nbsp;Erinn Fagan-Jeffries,&nbsp;Brian Thistleton,&nbsp;Helen Spafford","doi":"10.1111/aen.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, is a highly polyphagous pest, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas that invaded the Australian mainland in 2020. Since its incursion into Australia, management has largely relied on the use of different synthetic insecticides. Given pesticide resistance genes and reduced sensitivities to a variety of pesticides are already present in the population, there is a need to investigate alternative management approaches that can be incorporated into an IPM programme such as biological control. A fundamental step in establishing the potential of biological control is identifying the potential natural enemies that may be deployed in pest management. In this study, we undertook a series of surveys to identify potential parasitoids for fall armyworm and assessed parasitism rates in Western Australia (WA) and the Northern Territory (NT). Approximately, 1900 larvae of fall armyworm were sourced from maize, sweet corn, okra and sorghum fields, reared and observed for the emergence of parasitoids. Ten species of larval parasitoids from five families were recorded during the surveys with <i>Cotesia ruficrus</i> (Haliday) (56.14%) and <i>Exorista xanthaspis</i> (Wiedemann) (50%) being the most abundant larval species in WA and NT, respectively. Other parasitoids found include four recently described species, <i>Euplectrus frugiperdata</i> Fagan-Jeffries, <i>Chelonus trojanus</i> Fagan-Jeffries, <i>Coccygidium necatrix</i> Atkin-Zaldivar &amp; Fagan-Jeffries, <i>Coccygidium mellosiheroine</i> Atkin-Zaldivar &amp; Fagan-Jeffries, and previously named species, <i>Megaselia scalaris</i> (Loew) and some unidentified Tachinidae. Two species of egg parasitoids, <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> (Riley) and <i>Telenomus remus</i> (Nixon), were recovered with field parasitism rates of 7.81% and 10.16%, respectively. Overall, the occurrence of potential egg and larval parasitoids in Australian horticulture systems provides a unique platform to develop a conservation or augmentative biological control approach to manage fall armyworm in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative taxonomic revision of the Australian cave cricket Speleotettix Chopard, 1944 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): New species, distribution and conservation implications","authors":"Perry G. Beasley-Hall,&nbsp;Steven A. Trewick,&nbsp;Brock A. Hedges,&nbsp;Steven J. B. Cooper,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Reed,&nbsp;Andrew D. Austin","doi":"10.1111/aen.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cave crickets, also called wētā, are an important component of subterranean realms globally, but the true diversity of the group is poorly known. <i>Speleotettix</i> Chopard, 1944 contains two species from southeast Australia, <i>Speleotettix tindalei</i> Chopard, 1944 and <i>Speleotettix chopardi</i> (Karny, 1935). However, the initial description of the genus was poorly characterised, and its taxonomy has remained unclear since. Here, we take an integrative molecular and morphological approach to redescribe <i>Speleotettix</i> and describe three new species: <i>Speleotettix aolae</i> Beasley-Hall, <b>sp. nov.</b> from Victoria and <i>Speleotettix binoomea</i> Beasley-Hall, <b>sp. nov.</b> from New South Wales, both found in limestone caves, and <i>Speleotettix palaga</i> Beasley-Hall, <b>sp. nov.</b> from mineshafts in Victoria. To provide consistency in future work on the group, we also redescribe <i>S. tindalei</i> and treat <i>S. chopardi</i> as a <i>nomen dubium</i>. Finally, we transfer the threatened species <i>Cavernotettix craggiensis</i> Richards, 1974, an island species from Tasmania's Bass Strait, into the genus as <i>Speleotettix craggiensis</i> (Richards, 1974) <b>comb. nov.</b> In so doing, we increase the number of described rhaphidophorid species in Australia to 27 and significantly expand the distribution of <i>Speleotettix</i>, making it the most widespread of the Australian genera currently known. As all members of <i>Speleotettix</i> are short-range endemics at risk of decline, these findings have implications for their future conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Microlechia Turati, 1924 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Australia with description of a new species","authors":"Oleksiy V. Bidzilya,&nbsp;Hossein Rajaei","doi":"10.1111/aen.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Microlechia</i> Turati, 1924, including a newly described species <i>Microlechia zwicki</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> is recorded for the first time in Australia. Detailed illustrations of the adult specimen and male genitalia of this new species are provided, alongside a discussion of how it could be diagnosed form related species within the genus. An updated annotated checklist of the Australian Gnorimoschemini is also included, featuring illustrations of the adults and genitalia of several species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The abundance and phenology of four common agromyzid leafmining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and their associated parasitoid wasps in southern Victoria","authors":"Marianne P. Coquilleau,&nbsp;Peter M. Ridland,&nbsp;Xuefen Xu,&nbsp;Paul A. Umina,&nbsp;Ary A. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1111/aen.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three polyphagous agromyzid leafminers, <i>Liriomyza sativae</i> Blanchard, <i>Liriomyza huidobrensis</i> (Blanchard) and <i>Liriomyza trifolii</i> (Burgess), have recently invaded mainland Australia, posing a threat to horticultural crops. Overseas, these species are often effectively controlled by local hymenopteran parasitoids. It is important to assess the abundance and composition of the existing parasitoid community capable of impacting these pests as they spread across Australia. We surveyed three adventive agromyzids, <i>Liriomyza brassicae</i> (Riley), <i>Phytomyza plantaginis</i> Goureau and <i>Phytomyza syngenesiae</i> (Hardy), and one endemic species, <i>Liriomyza chenopodii</i> (Watt), at six sites around Melbourne, Victoria, between August 2018 and January 2020. In all, 4748 agromyzids and 2474 identified parasitoids were reared. Eleven wasp species were identified: seven eulophids, three braconids and one pteromalid. Four eulophid species—<i>Asecodes</i> sp., <i>Diglyphus isaea</i> (Walker), <i>Closterocerus mirabilis</i> Edwards &amp; La Salle and <i>Hemiptarsenus varicornis</i> (Girault)—and one braconid species, <i>Opius cinerariae</i> (Fischer), were reared from all agromyzid hosts. Three eulophid species—<i>Chrysocharis pubicornis</i> (Zetterstedt), <i>Neochrysocharis formosa</i> (Walker) and <i>Zagrammosoma latilineatum</i> Ubaidillah—and one pteromalid species, <i>Trigonogastrella parasitica</i> (Girault), were reared from three host agromyzids. <i>C. pubicornis</i> (Zetterstedt), a pupal parasitoid, was the most abundant parasitoid overall but was almost entirely reared from the two <i>Phytomyza</i> spp. at only one site. Peaks in parasitism were observed in late spring and late autumn, depending on the host. These results show that a diversity of local agromyzids persists throughout the year in southern Victoria, supporting a stable parasitoid community that should help control invasive <i>Liriomyza</i> spp. in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queen turnover, nest usurpation and colony mortality in wild nests of the stingless bees Tetragonula carbonaria and Tetragonula hockingsi (Hymenoptera: Apidae)","authors":"Estella Xia,&nbsp;Matthew Keir,&nbsp;Boyd Tarlinton,&nbsp;Caroline Hauxwell,&nbsp;Gabriele Buchmann,&nbsp;Julianne Lim,&nbsp;Nadine Chapman,&nbsp;Rosalyn Gloag","doi":"10.1111/aen.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social bees of the tribe Meliponini (stingless bees) are used as managed pollinators of crops throughout the world's tropical and subtropical regions. On Australia's East Coast, two native species—<i>Tetragonula carbonaria</i> and <i>Tetragonula hockingsi</i>—are the most widely propagated in hives, but knowledge of their biology and ecology in natural nests remains poorly documented. Here we monitor a wild population of <i>Tetragonula</i> in remnant forest in south-east Queensland over a 5-year period to assess three aspects of their life history: (i) rates of colony mortality, (ii) rates of queen turnover and (iii) incidences of nest usurpation. The latter occurs when one colony usurps the nest cavity of another, installing its own queen and enslaving the existing workers and brood. The range of <i>T. hockingsi</i> has increased in recent decades due to hive trade and southward range expansion. Our study area was located in the southern region of overlap with <i>T. carbonaria</i>. A total of 58 wild colonies were identified within the study site (1.5 nests per hectare), three-quarters of which were <i>T. carbonaria</i>. Colony mortality averaged 8.3% per year, such that 40% of colonies had died by the end of the 5-year study interval. Sequencing of mitochondrial-COI and microsatellite genotyping of workers at four time points was used to infer that queen turnover (i.e., queens replaced by daughter queens) typically occurs every 20–30 months. Eight cases were detected consistent with interspecific nest usurpation, in all of which <i>T. hockingsi</i> replaced <i>T. carbonaria</i>. However, <i>T. hockingsi</i> colonies also had lower annual survivorship than those of <i>T. carbonaria</i>, resulting in a stable proportion of each species in the study area over time. Overall, results show that although nest occupancy by <i>Tetragonula</i> colonies is typically several years, colony death and nest usurpation are common in wild populations, and community composition is shaped by interspecific differences in both usurpation success and annual mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance, diversity and development of thrips (Thysanoptera) on avocados and macadamias in the Levubu region of Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"Maxwell K. Kibor,&nbsp;Catherine L. Sole,&nbsp;Elsje Joubert,&nbsp;Christopher W. Weldon","doi":"10.1111/aen.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some thrips (Thysanoptera) species are presumed to injure avocado and macadamia trees and fruit when feeding as nymphs and adults. We investigated the abundance and species richness of thrips and monitored fruit and nut set and damage on four avocado (Fuerte, Hass, Maluma and Pinkerton) and macadamia (695, 814, 816 and A4) cultivars. Different stages of avocado fruit (1–3, 4–6 and 7–9 cm) or macadamia nut development (closed racemes, nut set, nut size 1–1.5 cm and nut size 3–4 cm) were sampled over two seasons in the Levubu region of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Thrips development on fruit, nuts and leaf flush was recorded to verify the thrips species causing damage. A total of 15 535 thrips were collected during August–January 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Six thrips morphotypes were identified across macadamia and avocado orchards: <i>Scirtothrips aurantii</i> Faure (Thripidae), <i>Thrips tenellus</i> Trybom (Thripidae), <i>Haplothrips gowdeyi</i> Franklin (Phlaeothripidae), <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> Pergande (Thripidae), <i>Megalurothrips</i> sp. (Thripidae) and <i>Caliothrips</i> sp. (Thripidae). Thrips were less abundant in the 2020/2021 season compared to the 2021/2022 season and in avocados than in macadamias. Pinkerton (2020/2021: 4.9 ± 0.8 and 2021/2022: 13.1 ± 0.2) and Fuerte (2020/2021: 6.9 ± 1.3 and 2021/2022: 7.5 ± 0.1) had the highest damage and fruit set per inflorescence in both seasons. Fruit size 1–3 cm had a mean damage of 3.4 ± 0.8 in 2020/2021 and 4.0 ± 0.7 in 2021/2022, 4–6 cm had 5.3 ± 0.9 and 4.7 ± 0.7 in 2021/2022, and 7–9 cm had 5.2 ± 0.9 in 2020/2021 and 5.0 ± 0.8 in 2021/2022. Macadamia cultivars and developmental stages most affected by thrips were dependent on the season. Our results suggest that damage occurs earlier in fruit or nut development, and Fuerte avocados and Macadamia 695 were the least susceptible to thrips damage. <i>S. aurantii</i> larvae developed from all sampled avocado and macadamia tissues and were able to persist until the adult stage, confirming it as the main damaging thrips species of avocado and macadamia in the Levubu region.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myrmecia: Volume 61, Part 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aen.12697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No abstract is available for this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.12697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Both Native and Introduced Non-Crop Flowering Plants Around Orchards Support Potential Crop Pollinators and Other Beneficial Insects","authors":"Yolanda Hanusch,&nbsp;Ros Gloag,&nbsp;Tanya Latty","doi":"10.1111/aen.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-crop floral resources in agricultural areas play an important role in supporting crop pollinating taxa and increasing biodiversity. We studied flower-insect interactions to two spring flowering crops and accompanying non-crop flowering resources (introduced/native) in apple and blueberry orchards in southern Tasmania, Australia, to (i) identify the important crop pollinating taxa in this region and (ii) examine if crop and non-crop introduced and native flowering plants within orchards supported different community assemblages of flower-feeding insects. We found a high overall contribution to crop visitation by introduced honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), which dominated visitation to apple (91% of total visits) and blueberry (76% total visits). A second introduced bee, the earth bumblebee (<i>Bombus terrestris</i>), made up 19% of total visits to blueberry, yet rarely visited flowering apple. Reed bees (<i>Exoneura</i>) were the most frequent native bee visitor to both apple 2.5% and blueberry 4%. Non-crop flowering plants around orchards showed significantly different community assemblages of flower-feeding insects in comparison to flowering crops. These differences were shaped by high association of insects with certain vegetation types, including <i>A. mellifera</i> with flowering apple, <i>B. terrestris</i> with flowering blueberries, native reed bees (<i>Exoneura</i>) with flowering apple and native flowers, soil nesting halictid bees (<i>Lasioglossum</i>) with introduced and native flowers and hoverflies with flowering apple and introduced forbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aen.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of spinosad and spinetoram against the citrus gall wasp, Bruchophagus fellis (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), and their impacts on beneficial arthropods in citrus","authors":"Lisa S. Kirkland,&nbsp;Meena Thakur,&nbsp;Jianhua Mo","doi":"10.1111/aen.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The citrus gall wasp, <i>Bruchophagus fellis</i>, is a significant pest in Australian citrus production. It particularly affects Valencia citrus growers, as the available chemical control options are considered unsuitable due to persistence of residues and associated long withholding periods, or too costly. We investigated the effectiveness of two spinosyn-based foliar products, spinosad and spinetoram, for controlling <i>B. fellis</i> and their impact on beneficial arthropods in citrus orchards. Both chemicals demonstrated efficacy, with over 98% mortality in <i>B. fellis</i> adults within 24 h of direct application in laboratory tests. Residual toxicity assessments showed prolonged efficacy, with spinetoram remaining toxic to <i>B. fellis</i> for up to 21 days and spinosad for up to 14 days post-spray. Spinetoram appears more toxic to <i>B. fellis</i> than spinosad. A field trial confirmed efficacy of both active ingredients in reducing <i>B. fellis</i> infestations, particularly with well-timed applications before peak adult <i>B. fellis</i> emergence. A double-spray application of spinetoram (1 week apart) showed the most effective control, with 66% reduction in gall weights and 84% reduction in the proportion of large galls compared to the untreated control. Four important beneficial arthropods [<i>Aphytis lingnanensis</i> (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), <i>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</i> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), <i>Mallada signatus</i> (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and <i>Neoseiulus californicus</i> (Acari: Phytoseiidae)] of Australian citrus orchards were selected for the toxicity studies. Spinosad and spinetoram appeared relatively safe to <i>C. montrouzieri</i> and <i>M. signatus</i> but were highly toxic to <i>A. lingnanensis</i> and <i>N. californicus</i>. Based on these findings, spinetoram could be a good foliar application option for Valencia growers to target adult <i>B. fellis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8574,"journal":{"name":"Austral Entomology","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}