Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine最新文献

{"title":"A simple and purification-free nucleic acid extraction method for rapid diagnosis of malaria","authors":"Lee Phone Youth Zen, Meng Yee Lai, Mohd Hafizi Abdul Hamid, Jenarun Jelip, Rose Nani Mudin, Noor Hafizan Bt Mat Salleh, Netty Darwina Dawam, Nirzayanna Eyan Abdul Ajak, Mohd Ashrin Afiq Bin Zainudin, Yee Ling Lau","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.345946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.345946","url":null,"abstract":"In a point of care setting for the diagnosis of malaria, DNA extraction using conventional methods are time-consuming and complicated. Therefore, in this study we aim to utilize a simple nucleic acid extraction method to directly extract DNA from blood. This would in turn reduce the time, cost and equipment needed to perform DNA extraction. This method is then coupled with LAMP assay for rapid diagnosis of malaria. We obtained 77 malaria samples, of which 36 were Plasmodium (P.) knowlesi, 10 P. vivax, 10 P. falciparum, 1 P. malariae and 20 healthy blood samples from district hospitals from Selangor, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, and Perak, from 2019 to 2021. All malaria samples tested by LAMP or nested PCR were collected prior to antimalarial treatment. All malaria samples collected were confirmed by microscope at the hospital and cross-checked by Medical Laboratory Technician at the District Health Office. The samples were confirmed by microscopic examination and nested PCR as described by Snounou et al[1] and Imwong et al[2]. The LAMP assay and primers were adapted from Lau et al[3]. The extraction method and buffers were adapted from Zou et al[4] with minor modifications. Blood samples of 60 μL, and 240 μL of lysis buffer [800 mM guanidine hydrochloride, 50 mM Tris (pH 8), 0.5% Triton™ X-100, 1% Tween-20, 40 μg/mL Proteinase K] was used. The tube consisting of blood and lysis buffer mixture was constantly inverted for until homogenous. A 6 mm diameter Whatman grade 1 qualitative filter paper was inserted into the tube was mixed constantly for 1 minute. The filter paper was then removed from the blood lysis mixture and washed in 1 mL of washing buffer [10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 0.1% Tween-20]. The filter paper was then mixed constantly in the washing buffer for 1 minute. Following that, the filter paper was removed and dipped 5 times into the PCR tube consisting of the LAMP reaction before removing the filter paper. The LAMP assay was incubated in a Loopamp Real time turbidimeter LA 500 (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan) at 65 °C for 60 minutes and inactivated at 80 °C for 2 minutes. Limit of detection of the method was performed by using P. knowlesi strain A1H1 obtained from the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya. P. knowlesi strain A1H1 culture blood was ten-fold serially diluted to parasitemia of 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.000 1% respectively with healthy blood, and was tested with the above method in triplicates. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of LAMP assay was determined using microscopy as the reference standard methods. Sensitivity was calculated as (number of true positives)/(number of true positives+number of false negatives), and specificity was calculated as (number of true negatives)/(number of true negatives+number of false positives). The DNA extraction method coupled with LAMP has a detection limit of 0.001% parasitemia (5 parasites/μL of blood) (Figure 1). A highly trained technician u","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules in high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective study","authors":"Bin Liu, Liang Li, Lei Liu, Min Ye, Wei Zhang, Xiangdong Zhou, Qi Li","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.386076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.386076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsules in patients with high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study on 383 high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia cases was conducted. Patients were categorized as the standard treatment (SDT) group ( n =168) and the LHQW+SDT group ( n =215). The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom (fever, fatigue, coughing) recovery and the secondary endpoints included the time to symptom recovery, the proportion of patients with improvement in chest CT images, the proportion of patients with clinical cure, the timing and rate of negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA assay. Results: The recovery rate was significantly higher in the LHQW+SDT group as compared with the SDT group (89.7% vs. 72.0%, P<0.01). The combined use of LHQW+SDT also showed shorter time for symptom recovery, as well as shorter time for individual symptom of fever, fatigue and coughing recovery than use of SDT alone. A higher proportion of patients in the LHQW+SDT group with improvements in chest CT images and clinical cure (77.7% vs. 57.1%, P <0.01) but the proportion of patients deteriorating to severe cases (1% vs. 25%, P <0.01) in this group was significant lower than those in the SDT group. No significant difference in negative conversion rate of viral assay results was observed (76.8% vs. 75.0%, P >0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: LHQW capsules could be recommended to ameliorate clinical symptoms and reduce the rate of deteriorating to severe cases for high-risk common type COVID-19 pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and understanding of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer care: An exploratory study of patients' perspectives in Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Shahlla Imam, Muneeba Aijaz, Wajiha Iffat, Shazia Qasim Jamshed, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam, Khang Wen Goh, Long Chiau Ming, Halima Sadia, Iqbal Azhar","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.386075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.386075","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021. Five hundred patients with cancer were invited to participate in the study. Electronic databases, namely, Google scholar, Publons, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and ResearchGate was used for questionnaire designed. The self-administered survey included questions on demographic characteristics, education level, socio-economic conditions and information about CAM therapies, prevalence, effectiveness, and common CAM modalities. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 22. Results: Out of the 500 invited patients, 433 (86.6%) successfully completed and returned the questionnaires. In contrast to patients who were with younger, highly educated, professionally active, higher income, and had advanced cancer, time since diagnosis, type of treatment, cancer types and family history are significantly associated with CAM use. The results showed that 59.8% of the participants were acquainted with complementary and/or alternative medicine and considered safe owing to its natural ingredients. The prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients was 40.9% and the most widely used CAM modality was herbal medicine (27.7%) and dietary supplements (28.8%). Patients used CAM as a complementary therapy to improve the morphological parameter (28.2%), strengthen the immune system (6.8%), and to decrease the side effects of conventional treatment (18.1%). Most of the respondents get the information regarding CAM therapy from the electronic media (43.2%) and the family members (48%) rather than healthcare personnel. Conclusions: Participants used CAM modalities along with the conventional health care practices. Further multicentre studies should be conducted to provide information regarding the usage of CAM therapies and their eventual benefits in patients with cancer.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 reaction associated sensorineural hearing loss in a drug resistant lepromatous leprosy patient: A case report","authors":"Harpreet Singh Pawar, Itu Singh, Harish Kumar Sagar","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.386077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.386077","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Leprosy, a chronic granulomatous disease often present clinically as erythema nodosum leprosum, a type 2 reaction. The involvement of cochlear part of audiovestibular system is a rarity. Patient concerns: A 26-year-old male patient with lepromatous leprosy developed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) during type 2 reactional episode. Diagnosis: Recurrent erythema nodosum leprosum in rifampicin-resistant lepromatous leprosy. Interventions: Corticosteroids and second-line multidrug therapy. Outcomes: The patient improved significantly and was further referred for management of psychosocial impact due to sensorineural hearing loss. Lessons: The hearing impairment is a rare complication of type 2 reaction. Any patient with suspected cranial nerve involvement should essentially be screened by tuning fork tests for early detection of hearing impairment and offer timely intervention as required. All high bacteriological index cases should be investigated for antimicrobial resistance in high endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135587958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snakebite: A neglected tropical disease that can stymie progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Saurabh Bhargava","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.383910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.383910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139344734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections in children in Turkey: A six-year retrospective, single-center study","authors":"N. Yakut, Z. Ergenç, Sevgi Tuncay, Sezin Bayraktar, Elvan Sayin, A. İlki, E. Kepenekli","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.383908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.383908","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and mortality-associated factors of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study of pediatric HCAIs caused by S. aureus from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between February 2014 and December 2019. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of the methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) isolates was evaluated. Results: A total of 310 pediatric patients were examined. Overall, 225 (72.6%) isolates were MSSA and 85 (27.4%) were MRSA. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, mupirocin, and daptomycin. Penicillin resistance rates were high (89.0%), while fosfomycin, gentamicin, and clindamycin resistance rates were low (1.3%, 1.0%, and 2.3%, respectively). Except susceptibility to fosfomycin, which was significantly lower in 2014 compared to 2018 and 2019, no significant difference was found in the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates between the years. Baseline characteristics and mortality rate were similar comparing MRSA and MSSA causing HCAIs. The mortality rate of HCAIs caused by S. aureus was 6.5% (20 patients). Malignancy was an independent risk factor associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis (OR 5.446, 95% CI 1.573-18.849). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that MSSA remained the most causative agent of HCAIs caused by S. aureus. The mortality rate was 6.5%, the antibiotic resistance rate was quite high for penicillin and diagnosis of malignancy was the main risk factor for increasing mortality in children. These findings could help improve the management of HCAIs caused by S. aureus in children.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"South Asian dairy smallholders: A review of practices and zoonoses","authors":"Emily Schembri, Angus Campbell, Juan Villanueva-Cabezas","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.383909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.383909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42314744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the needs and rights of sex workers for HIV healthcare services in the Philippines","authors":"Rowalt C Alibudbud","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42952619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of nosocomial COVID-19 in Turkey: A retrospective multicenter study","authors":"Süleyman Yıldırım, Celalettin Yılmaz, Gülru Polat, Serap Argun Baris, İlknur Başyiğit, İlknur Kaya, Ceyda Anar, Mihriban Bozkurt, Hüsnü Baykal, Hulya Dirol, Gamzenur Ozbey, Emine Ozsari, Emel Cireli, Ali Kadri Çırak, Dursun Tatar, Mine Gayaf, Selen Karaoglanoglu, Yener Aydin, Atilla Eroglu, Yıldız Olçar, Berna Botan Yıldırım, Bengül Gürsoy, Deniz Demir Yılmaz, Elif Yelda Ozgun Niksarlioglu, Ramazan Eren, Ayşegül Tomruk Erdem, Müge Meltem Tor, Fusun Fakili, Mustafa Çolak, Merve Erçelik, Ali Tabaru, Özlem Ediboglu","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.383912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.383912","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection during the vaccination period nationwide in Turkey. Methods: COVID-19 patients followed in the pandemic services across Turkey between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022 were investigated retrospectively. Nosocomial COVID-19 was defined as a patient neither diagnosed with COVID-19 nor suspected COVID-19 at the hospital admission and was confirmed COVID-19 ≥5 days after hospital admission. The primary outcome of this study was in-hospital mortality; demographic features and vaccination status was compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results: During the study period, 15 573 COVID-19 patients were followed in 18 centers and 543 (3.5%) patients were nosocomial COVID-19. Most patients with nosocomial COVID-19 (80.4%) were transferred from medical wards. 162 (29.8%) of the patients with nosocomial COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit due to disease severity and 138 (25.4%) of the patients died during hospital stay. Advanced age (≥65 years) and number of comorbid diseases (≥2) was found to be associated with mortality in nosocomial COVID-19 ( OR 1.74, 95% Cl 1.11-2.74 and OR 1.60, 95% Cl 1.02-2.56, respectively). Vaccination was associated with survival in nosocomial COVID-19 ( OR 0.25, 95% Cl 0.16-0.38). Conclusions: Patients with nosocomial COVID-19 had increased admission to intensive care units and higher mortality rate. Vaccination can decrease the in-hospital mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134998121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous anthrax associated with facial palsy: A case report","authors":"Majid Ghafouri, Seyed Mojtabaei, A. Shokri","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.383911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.383911","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spores of Gram-positive Bacillus anthracis, commonly affects mammals and in rare cases birds. Human infection occurs accidentally through direct or indirect exposure to animal or their products. Patient concerns: A 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital with flu-like symptoms and severe swelling and redness on the face, the roof of the mouth, and nostrils. He had a history of direct contact with a slaughtered mutton two days ago. He declared controlled diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and heart failure. Lungs were normal in lung high resolution CT, but multiple lymphadenopathies were seen in the mediastinum. Bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy with a maximum sad of 23 mm and pleural effusion on the right side was observed. CT scan of the nose and sinuses showed an increased density of polyps in the left maxillary sinus. Slides were prepared from the patient's lesions and examined under a light microscope. Bacillus shape with Streptococcus bacteria was seen. Diagnosis: Anthrax co-infection with herpes systemic virus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Interventions: Multidrug therapy started with appropriate antibiotics. Outcomes: The symptoms of the patient gradually disappeared. The patient was discharged without any complications. Lessons: Cutaneous anthrax in endemic areas in patients with skin presentations and a history of contact with infected animals or products should be considered a differential diagnosis. This is more important in mixed infections where the main cause of the problem may be hidden.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46643664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}