{"title":"Monistic Determinism: Anti-Service","authors":"M. Harris","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629202","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural materialism is a scientific strategy which stresses the priority of demo-techno-econo-environmental research. It is not a theory which explains cultural differences and similarities in terms of a \"magical formula\"; much less is it a brand of \"monistic determinism.\" Moreover, the causality involved is \"probabilistic\" and is thus capable of providing a basis for reconciling moral and scientific commitment.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"198 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation Kinship Nomenclature as an Adaptation to Endogamy","authors":"Gertrude E. Dole","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a common variant of the generation pattern of kinship nomenclature and traces its development. The variant, here named bifurcate generation, has developed from bifurcate merging nomenclature among the Carib-speaking Kuikuru of Brazil following social disturbances that caused the relaxation of local and kin group exogamy. Several other instances of historic change from fully bifurcating nomenclatures to the bifurcate generation pattern are cited to show a functional correlation of this pattern with the loss of kin group exogamy. Finally, a numerical correlation of the bifurcate generation variant with social disturbance and the absence of kin group exogamy is shown by comparative data from three ethnographic areas where generation nomenclatures are especially common.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"105 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navajo Criminal Homicide","authors":"J. Levy, S. Kunitz, Michael Everett","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines several common notions concerning homicide among the Navajo and its relationship with alcohol and acculturation. Earlier references to the act are reviewed, and all reported homicides occurring between 1956 and 1965 are analyzed in a manner comparable to an extensive study done in Philadelphia between 1948 and 1952. It was found that homicide rates among the Navajo at the present time are stable and comparable with those of the nation. There are indications that they have been so for some time. Greatly increased use of alcohol was not found to increase homicide rates or to be significantly associated with violence in the homicide situation. Navajo patterns which differed from those found in Philadelphia are discussed. The Navajo offender is typically a married male between 35 and 39 years of age who kills his wife as a result of sexual jealousy or domestic quarrels. A high proportion of homicides are followed by suicide.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"29 1","pages":"124 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variations in Ancestor Worship Beliefs and Their Relation to Kinship","authors":"Terrence Tatje","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629199","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropologists have lumped a great variety of beliefs and practices together under the name \"ancestor worship.\" They have paid little attention to the variation and its theoretical significance. Most studies of ancestor worship have only gone as far as the notion that there is some relationship between \"ancestral cults\" and social structure. This paper examines the full range of variation in attitudes and beliefs about the ancestral dead and proposes a 7-type classification of beliefs about them. Cross-cultural differences in ancestral beliefs are explained in terms of kinship content rather than kinship structure. The analysis begins with the proposition that ancestral beliefs and practices are a reflection and extension of kinship behavior among the living. Different types of belief systems are related to the dominance of different dyads in the kinship systems.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"153 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"J.-F. Lafitau (1681-1746), Precursor of Scientific Anthropology","authors":"W. Fenton, E. L. Moore","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629200","url":null,"abstract":"Lafitau is an important figure in the history of ethnology, and his great comparative work which appeared early in the 18th century is a milestone on the way to a science of custom. He did not originate the comparative method, and he wrote the fashionable dissertation of the day; but he developed a method of reciprocal illumination, using field observations to throw light on the customs of antiquity and employing the customs of the ancients to provide leads for field work. His book utilized a wide variety of sources on the New World and on antiquity, and it was read, although not always acknowledged, by the thinkers of the day. A century later it influenced the founders of scientific ethnology in Europe and America. Lafitau made a number of important discoveries, which were largely rediscovered afterward.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"173 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.2.3629200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Models for the Methodology of Mouthtalk","authors":"Elman R. Service","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629468","url":null,"abstract":"Ephemeral vogues in the borrowing of concepts and methods from other disciplines have long hampered the social sciences in the quest for means appropriate for specific problems. Numerous examples from the history of ethnological theory are discussed in this article in explanation of this serious faddistic malady, and a name for it--\"Mouthtalk\"--is defined. A twofold cure is proposed: (1) instead of borrowing methods because they are in vogue, select first problems, for the their own significance, after which the appropriateness of various methods can be more advantageously considered; and (2) identify and make fun of mouthtalking wherever it is found, but especially when you do it yourself.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"68 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential Adaptations and Micro-Cultural Evolution in Guyana","authors":"Leo A. Despres","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629466","url":null,"abstract":"Guyana has been described as a plural society. The interdependent units of societies of this type comprise culturally differentiated groups rather than socially differentiated persons. The ecology of Guyana discloses that the conditions of pluralism derive from the evolutionary adaptation of culturally dissimilar populations to selective environmental forces. Contrary to widely held opinion, it appears that the selective advantage of pluralism is the reduction of competition among culturally distinctive groups.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"14 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnographic Interpretations of the Prehistory of Western Arnhem Land","authors":"C. White, N. Peterson","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629467","url":null,"abstract":"The prehistoric sequence in North West Arnhem Land is described. This is derived from archaeological excavations in stratified deposits of the rock shelters in two adjacent ecological zones: a coastal plain and a plateau. A marked cultural dichotomy emerges between the material in these two zones, and this difference apparently persisted for some 7,000 years until the ethnographic present, about 100 years ago. An attempt is made in this paper to account for this phenomenon by drawing on the field evidence, historical records, and modern ethnographic observations.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"45 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear and the Status of Women","authors":"Edward B. Harper","doi":"10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629469","url":null,"abstract":"Among Havik Brahmins in South India, widows, who occupy the lowest status position within the caste, are believed to poison others, at random, with a substance which is not poisonous in the tradition of Western science. Moreover, women in general are portrayed in the religious belief systems of this culture as being dangerous in other mystical ways. After outlining the main features of Havik social structure, I suggest that guilt may be felt toward those who occupy low status positions in a social system, and that this may lead to their being unrealistically feared.","PeriodicalId":85570,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern journal of anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"81 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/soutjanth.25.1.3629469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60742746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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