{"title":"The \"Skill Bureaucracy\" and Intraorganizational Control","authors":"James N. Danziger","doi":"10.1177/009392857962005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857962005","url":null,"abstract":"The incompatability of a bureaucratic organization and its professional occupational groups has attracted considerable attention. This article examines the orientation and behavior of one such professional group, the personnel of the electronic data processing department, in the organizational context of American local government. This department is an example of a \"skill bureaucracy\"—a unit which provides services to clients, has a relative monopolyu within areas of both service provision and technical expertise, and has an external, professionalized reference group. Data from nearly 500 local governments suggest that the premises which guide the behavior of this skill bureaucrac-are primarily its own rather than those of its super ordinates or its clients. The EDP unit has a distinctive perspective regarding its on role responsibilities, anchored in the standards of its professional group. This skill bureaucracy is remarkabl' expansionist, and is autonomous in its operations.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"204 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857962005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/009392857961007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"127 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Social Construction of the Professions","authors":"R. Hall","doi":"10.1177/009392857961006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"124 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Education and Job Attitudes among Blue-Collar Workers","authors":"James D. Wright, R. Hamilton","doi":"10.1177/009392857961003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents national survey evidence from the 1972-1973 Michigan Quality of Employment Survey on the relationship between education and work satisfaction among blue-collar workers. Special attention is paid to the job outlooks of manual workers with one or more years of college education (who constitute approximately one-fifth of the white, male blue-collar category). Contrary to a common expectation, but consistent with previous research on the topic, the data show that among blue-collar workers, education and job satisfaction are not significantly related. Evidence on other aspects of attitudes towards work is also presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"59 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Police Perceptions of their Work Environment","authors":"J. Van Maanen, R. Katz","doi":"10.1177/009392857961002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961002","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of early career experiences consistently emphasize the importance of initial socialization. During this process, employees build and revise their perceptions of their job environment. Using a multidimensional scaling methodology, the collective and individual perceptual responses of 130 patrolmen regarding various aspects of their work setting were represented on a two-dimensional configuration. Two major questions were then addressed: (])are the collective perceptions of the patrolmen organized around dimensions related to the Meadian notions of social time and social space, and (2) are there any attitude or performance differences among those patrolmen whose individual perceptions do and do not fit the collective mapping? These questions are examined at different career stages as measured by job tenure.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"31 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex and Centralization in a Semiprofession","authors":"B. Grandjean, Helen Hazunda Bernal","doi":"10.1177/009392857961004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961004","url":null,"abstract":"Because direct empirical comparisons of the organizational participation of women and men have been lacking, attempts to incorporate gender as an explanatory variable in theories of organizational authority have had to rely on unverified sex stereotypes. This research examines contentions which have appeared repeatedly in such attempts, namely (a) that there are differences between men and women in four types of work orientation, and (b) that these differences are reflected in greater centralization of authority in predominantly female organizations. To isolate the effects of gender, semiprofessionals in ten very similar organizations were surveyed (Catholic secondary schools). Results show little difference in career commitment, and no support for stereotypes of women as less concerned with intrinsic characteristics of work and more submissive to authority than men. With or without multivariate controls, women do appear to value interpersonal relationships on the job somewhat more highly. However, faculty sex composition is not associated with degree of centralization, disconfirming the major prediction of those theoretical discussions which have suggested that gender is a partial determinant of the authority structure in complex organizations.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"102 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Craft to Art","authors":"Edward R. Kealy","doi":"10.1177/009392857961001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961001","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies popular music as a production process and delineates the varieties of its social organization. It explores the problems endemic to the collaborative nature of the production process and examines in detail the job experiences of one collaborator in particular, the sound mixer, during a period when craft activities were being transformed into artistic activities.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"29 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expertise and Power in Professional Organizations","authors":"J. Blau","doi":"10.1177/009392857961005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857961005","url":null,"abstract":"A study of architects in private firms examines the influence of various factors on individuals' decision power. Although formal position is the most important factor (as might be expected) other factors affect power also, and they do so differentially within each of three positions. Whereas general knowledge of the professional core increases managers' power, it is knowledge of peripheral areas, such as fields in engineering, that increases the power of salaried professionals (designers and staff architects). This indicates that the source of power of \"lower participants\" in the professional firm rests largely on their ability to control areas that are highly ambiguous or uncertain for most architects. Using several dimensions of expertness, the results show quite consistently that general, rather than specialized, knowledge promotes the power of individual professionals, and this is true for managers as well as for the two categories of staff.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"22 1","pages":"103 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857961005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Career Anchorage","authors":"D. R. Goldman","doi":"10.1177/009392857852003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857852003","url":null,"abstract":"A replication of the study of career-anchorage points among 493 middle managers in American industry reveals only one in seven motivated to reach higher positions. Measures correlated with career anchorage are examined. Age, education, level of labor force entry, and present position are analyzed as factors bearing upon career anchorage. The anchorage of career perspective is a mechanism common to both the unlimited and limited success orientations toward occupational mobility.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"5 1","pages":"193 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857852003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occupational Values of Male and Female Nursing Students","authors":"D. Auster","doi":"10.1177/009392857852004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857852004","url":null,"abstract":"This comparative analysis of the occupational values of nursing students is focused on males, for whom nursing is a status-contradictory occupation due to its sex typing as a female domain. The study suggests the strength of prior sex-role socialization and values and delineates the manner in which men maintain a masculine self-image and identity within the confines of an occupation in which their sex functions as a discrepancy.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"33 1","pages":"209 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857852004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：