{"title":"There's more than One Way to Run a Democratic Enterprise","authors":"Joyce Rothschild-Whitt","doi":"10.1177/009392858182006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182006","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a unique system of self-management, the Breman system, that has developed in the Netherlands. Arising in a small village in the north of Holland, the Breman system has been relatively insulatedfrom the influence of other international models of worker particpation, and as a result, has developed some novel social innovations to achieve its ends. Since its conversion in 1972from an ordinary family-owned corporation to a self-managed system, it has shown an impressive capacity for financial growth, organizational productivity, and worker satisfaction. The last section of this article draws out some of the lessons of the Breman experience for democratizing enterprises in other capitalist settings such as the United States.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"73 1","pages":"201 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors' Introduction","authors":"R. Stern, W. Whyte","doi":"10.1177/009392858182001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"8 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participative Management and Worker Control in China","authors":"A. Walder","doi":"10.1177/009392858182007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182007","url":null,"abstract":"While Chinese experiments with participative management practices in industry comprise perhaps the most radical and massive such effort in the modern world, they are still among the least understood in the West. The present article is an effort to define more clearly the boundaries of worker participation in China and the limits of worker control. Through brief, but strategic comparisons with forms of worker control in different political and economic settings, and through critical scrutiny of the various participative forms employed in China, this article attempts to sketch out the configuration of participation and control in Chinese collective forms, and to place them in a broader context of organizations exhibiting \"collectivist-democratic\" features. We offer (1) an examination of the political considerations which have shaped these experiments; (2) an account of Party organization and how its control is exercised; (3) an outline of the limits on worker control imposed by China's industrial planning system; and (4) a description and critical analysis of the major participative forms employed in Chinese industry from 1956 to the present.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"8 1","pages":"224 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Worker Management","authors":"M. Silver","doi":"10.1177/009392858182002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182002","url":null,"abstract":"The article uses a single theoretical framework to analyze the development of participatory organizational forms. The histories of decision-making structures are considered in terms of the structural sources of decision-making power within organizations and supraorganizational networks. The dialectic of power at the points of production and managerial planning lead to distinct forms of authority and structures of workforce participation in the decision-making process. Structural linkages between forms of industrial organization, ownership, and development and growth of corporate structure and workforce participation in decision-making are the central issues examined. Principal conclusions of the analysis are that collective bargaining, as developed within capitalism, is a form of workers' participation and that worker ownership is a necessary but not sufficient condition of workers' control.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"3 1","pages":"145 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Work Environment Reform and Industrial Democracy","authors":"S. Deutsch","doi":"10.1177/009392858182004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182004","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests the importance of connecting work environment issues with concerns of worker control. In particular, some of the legislative reform efforts in Norway and Sweden are outlined with an analysis of current developments in the United States. Whereas there are limited advances in democratizing the workplace head-on, there are considerable achievements illustrated whereby laws and policies have advanced worker control over technology, production, and work processes through a work environment reform strategy.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"180 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preconditions for Increased Workers' Influence","authors":"Sandra L. Albrecht","doi":"10.1177/009392858182009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858182009","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of a series of legislative acts and pending proposals, the seventies and early eighties in Sweden have been marked by an increasing interest in worker influence or participation in decision making. This emphasis is seen both on the level of industrial democracy and economic democracy. The following article outlines these moves, concentrating on the Act on Employee Participation in Decision Making (MBL) and the Meidner proposal for Wage-Earners' Investment Funds. Relying on interview data from representatives of major Swedish political and economic organizations, journalists, and alternative groups, an attempt is made to explain the rise in participatory demands that surfaced in Sweden in the late sixties and has permeated the seventies and early eighties. Contrary to postindustrial theorists' contention that participatory demands rise out of the positive effects of industrial development, findings suggest that a more common perspective of Swedish interview respondents is that the increased interest in participation has risen from a negative reaction to the effects of industrialization.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"8 1","pages":"252 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858182009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Labor Force and Work Attitudes","authors":"G. Spitze, L. Waite","doi":"10.1177/009392858071001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858071001","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relations between work-related attitudes and early labor force experiences using data from the National Longitudinal Study, of Young Women. Neither young women's work-related sex-role attitudes nor taste/for market Work while still in school affect the extent of employment during first .four years after schooling is completed. Women with long-range work plans start out in relatively low-paying, low prestige jobs, possibly, with higher chance for advancement compared to those who do not plan to work later. Attitudes and tastes change in response to certain job characteristics during this earl/period, but this process does not appear to depend on race. The general picture is one in which sex-role attitudes respond to, rather than affect, early work experiences. However, strong tastes for market work malt create patterns of earl,; labor force behavior which maximize the long-term rather than short-term benefit*s f employment and so might influence both timing of work and child-bearing, and characteristics of beginning jobs.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"7 1","pages":"3 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858071001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Job Satisfaction among Female Clerical Workers","authors":"B. Grandjean, P. A. Taylor","doi":"10.1177/009392858071002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858071002","url":null,"abstract":"The most influential theoretical explanation for the job dissatisfaction of clerical workers has been that of Mills, who attributed their dissatisfaction to the declining prestige of clerical work and the unreliability of traditional bases for status claims by individual clerical workers. Kanter's alternative perspective directs attention instead to restricted opportunities for advancement and accomplishment. Specific predictions developed from these two perspectives are tested using multivariate analysis of survey data on female clerical workers in a federal agency. Perceived opportunities for training and for the full use of one's skills are most strongly associated with satisfaction, supporting the latter perspective, while hypotheses drawn from Mills's premise of \"status panic\" receive at best weak support. Research literature is briefly reviewed which suggests that these results are by no means unique to the federal agency studied.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"7 1","pages":"33 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858071002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decision-Making and Organizational Effectiveness","authors":"Jon Miller","doi":"10.1177/009392858071003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392858071003","url":null,"abstract":"As a way of examining some of the underlying assumptions commonly made about participation in decision-making, data provided by 161 members of a white-collar organization were used to explore the relationship between the structure of influence and member's perceptions of personal and organizational effectiveness. Separate analyses were performed for super ordinates and subordinates. The results showed that being allowed to participate was related to perceptions of effectiveness for subordinates but that allowing participation was not related to perceptions of effectiveness for superordinates. For the latter group, only perceptions of centralization were useful as a predictor of perceived effectiveness. The findings cast doubt on some of the social-psychological reasoning underlying many theories of participation and indicate that differences in organizational position need to be accounted for in assessing the organizational consequences of participation.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"7 1","pages":"55 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392858071003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Computer Worker in the Labor Force","authors":"Donileen R. Loseke, J. Sonquist","doi":"10.1177/009392857962003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/009392857962003","url":null,"abstract":"Mail survey and interview data are used to examine the work characteristics of persons employed in the computer field. The middle- and upper-middle strata of computer workers (programmers, analysts, engineers, academics and first-line managers) were studied. Specific job features examined include job content, pay and hours worked, employment and subemployment, job autonomy, and supervision. A new concept based on job content, \"techno-metier\", indicating the worker's relationship to technology, is found to differentiate among workers more clearly than the use of traditional job titles.","PeriodicalId":85554,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of work and occupations","volume":"6 1","pages":"156 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/009392857962003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64916754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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