Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[Viktor Viktorovich Serov. On the 100th anniversary of his birth].","authors":"S G Radenska-Lopovok, D D Protsenko","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On December 5, 2024 it was 100 years since the birth of Viktor Viktorovich Serov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spectrum of morphological changes in chronic spontaneous urticaria and urticarial vasculitis].","authors":"V A Smolyannikova, O Yu Olisova, K S Teplyakova, A V Filatov, N A Larin","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in the population is 0.5%-1%. According to modern guidelines for the management of patients with urticaria, the diagnosis of CSU does not require histological examination. However, in controversial clinical setting requiring differential diagnosis with urticarial vasculitis (UV), pathologists discover a wide range of pathomorphological changes in skin preparations in the absence of generally accepted differential diagnostic criteria. In this connection, it is of interest to study the spectrum of morphological changes in chronic spontaneous urticaria and urticarial vasculitis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze morphological changes in CSU and UV to improve differential diagnosis in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The material of 15 patients with urticarial rashes was analyzed. Comparative analysis of the number of neutrophils and mast cells in skin samples from patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and urticarial vasculitis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The material of 15 patients with urticarial rashes was analyzed. The group of patients with CSU (<i>n</i>=5) was characterized by the absence of signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis; endothelial cells and mild of moderate swelling were visualized in all samples, the perivascular infiltrate was located in the upper layer of the dermis and was sparse. And when stained with toluidine blue, a large number of mast cells were noted. In the group of patients with UV (<i>n</i>=10), signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis of varying severity, dense and deep perivascular neutrophilic infiltrates with a small number of mast cells were visualized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the wide range of morphological changes in the skin in CSU and UV, for the differential diagnosis of diseases, a comprehensive histological examination of preparations in combination with an assessment of the number of mast cells in the dermis and an assessment of the composition of the cellular infiltrate for the number of neutrophils can be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Frequency of MSI, PD-L1 (CPS), HER2 in poorly cohesive gastric carcinomas].","authors":"S N Nered, R O Torosyan, N A Kozlov, H Sun, I G Avdyukhin, P V Kononets, I S Stilidi","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous tumor with various molecular changes. An active search for molecular markers is crucial to determine the effectiveness of drug treatment and prognosis of the disease. Several biomarkers have the greatest clinical significance: HER2, MSI / dMMR, PD-L1 (CPS), EBV and Claudin 18.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the frequency of HER2, MSI / dMMR and PD-L1 (CPS) in patients with operable GC depending on the tumor type according to P. Lauren.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 600 patients with GC who underwent radical surgical treatment at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2018 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, the proportion of diffuse GC was 21.5% (120/600). HER2 overexpression was found in 5.2% (5/96) of cases with diffuse GC, 20.4% (37/181) of cases with intestinal GC, 10.1% (7/69) of cases with mixed GC (<i>p</i>=0.0029). The incidence of MSI was 3.3% (4/120) of cases with diffuse GC, 11.2% (28/251) of cases with intestinal GC, 7.3% (7/97) of cases with mixed GC (<i>p</i>=0.0378). PD-L1 expression (CPS> 1) was found in 42.3% (11/26) of cases with diffuse GC, 59.4% (35/59) of cases with intestinal GC, 27.3% (9/33) of cases with mixed GC (<i>p</i>=0.006). In poorly cohesive/signet ring cell cancer MSI occurred in 2.5% (2/79) of cases; HER2 overexpression - in 2.9% (2/68) of cases; PD-L1 (CPS> 1) - in 42.1% (8/19) of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that in diffuse and poorly cohesive/signet ring cell GC the frequency of occurrence of the above clinically significant tumor biomarkers is lower compared to intestinal/mixed GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathogenesis of fibrosis development in ovarian endometriosis].","authors":"O I Patsap, O V Bratchikova, A V Babkina, M B Khabarova, S A Mikhalev, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis-associated fibrosis is a complex phenomenon, and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Fibrosis is invariably present in all forms of the disease and contributes to the classic endometriosis-associated symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The purpose of this literature review was to study the role of various cell populations, biological mechanisms and signaling pathways in inducing fibrogenesis of endometriosis lesions. PubMed and MEDLINE searched for studies published in English over the past 5 years that studied fibrosis in ovarian endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Gastric tumors with GLI1 gene alterations (plexiform fibromyxoma and gastroblastoma). Case report and literature review].","authors":"I V Sidorov, A S Sharlai, D M Konovalov","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701137","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plexiform fibromyxoma (PFM) and gastroblastoma (GB) are rare gastric tumors with a specific <i>MALAT1::GLI1</i> rearrangement, included in the conditional spectrum of neoplasms with alterations of the <i>GLI1</i> gene. The article presents a clinical case of PFM in a 6-year-old girl and a literature review highlighting current data on the morphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetic characteristics of PFM and GB. Despite the common genetic anomaly, differences in the morphology and clinical course of these tumors indicate the need for further research to clarify their relationship and potential reclassification in the light of new data on tumors with <i>GLI1</i> gene abnormalities. Integrating the accumulated knowledge about tumors with <i>GLI1</i> gene alterations into diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic approaches will help improve the treatment outcomes of patients with these rare neoplasms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Immunohistochemical method of megakaryocytic lineage staining in bone marrow biopsy specimens as an additional pathomorphological differential diagnostic sign of primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia].","authors":"Z P Asaulenko, Yu A Krivolapov","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701122","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate and compare morphometric and histotopographic characteristics of megakaryocytic lineage in preparations stained with H&E or antibodies to CD42b in diagnostic trepanobioptates of bone marrow of patients with primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia with <i>JAK2</i> or <i>CALR</i> mutation. Analyze the dimensions and quantity of CD42b-positive megakaryocytes in 1 mm² area of section and assess suitability of these parameters as an additional differential pathomorphological criterion.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>108 trephine biopsies of the bone marrow from patients with primary myelofibrosis (N=53) and essential thrombocythemia (N=55) with <i>JAK2</i> or <i>CALR</i> mutation were selected. Digitized bone marrow slides stained with H&E or antibodies to CD42b (clone EP409) were the object of study. In every sample the average values of perimeter and area of megakaryocytes were analyzed, as well as the average number of megakaryocytes in 1 mm² area of myeloid tissue section. Logistic regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between CD42b-positive megakaryocyte characteristics and disease (primary myelofibrosis or essential thrombocythemia).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immunohistochemical examination of bone marrow biopsy specimens using antibodies to CD42b in comparison with H&E staining allows to multiply the number of identifiable megakaryocytes in myeloid tissue by 3.5-4 times (<i>p</i><0.0001). Statistically significant differences in the mean values of the number of megakaryocytes in 1 mm² of the section area and megakaryocyte perimeter in patients with primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia have been demonstrated. ROC analysis (AUC=0.84, 95% CI 0.7782-0.9199) justifies the inclusion of the average perimeter size of CD42b-positive megakaryocytes and their number in 1 mm² of the section area in the differential diagnostic panel as an additional pathomorphological criterion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The revealed statistically significant differences in quantitative and geometric characteristics of megakaryocytes allowed to calculate differential threshold values of characteristics of megakaryocytic lineage of myeloid tissue in diagnostic trepanobioptates of bone marrow from patients with primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia. Counting the number of CD42b-positive megakaryocytes in one field of view at a magnification of 400 times was proposed as an additional pathomorphological differential-diagnostic sign.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle tissue of patients with dysferlinopathy].","authors":"I A Chekmareva, S N Bardakov, I S Limaev, A M Emelin, R V Deev","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701128","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysferlinopathy represents an orphan disease within the spectrum of progressive muscular dystrophies, occurring at a frequency of 1 to 9 cases per 1.000.000 individuals (Orphanet, 2024). It arises from mutations in the <i>DYSF</i> gene (OMIM 603009, 2p13, NM_003494.4), which is responsible for coding the transmembrane protein dysferlin. Dysferlin plays a critical role in the repair of muscle fiber membranes and the cellular processes of skeletal muscle regeneration. Although the molecular mechanisms of dysferlin-mediated repair are under active investigation, reports on the ultrastructural alterations in human skeletal muscles due to dysferlin deficiency are sparse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the ultrastructural pathomorphological features of skeletal muscles in 6 patients with dysferlinopathy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study presents pathomorphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural data from skeletal muscle biopsies of 6 patients with molecularly confirmed dysferlinopathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Examination of paraffin-embedded sections of the anterior tibialis and vastus lateralis muscles, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, identified a primarily myopathic pattern of skeletal muscle injury. Immunohistochemical staining with dysferlin antibodies revealed the absence of the protein in muscle tissue compared to the positive control. Transmission electron microscopy has revealed ultrastructural alterations characteristic of dysferlinopathy, although not specific, including thickening and fragmentation of the basal membrane, thinning and lysis of myofibrils, folding and disruptions of the sarcolemma, destruction of mitochondria, and, newly described in this disease, necrosis of myosatellite cells and telocytes in skeletal muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the non-specificity of the identified ultrastructural alterations, electron microscopy of skeletal muscle biopsies in dysferlinopathy can provide additional information about the mechanisms underlying the disease development. The finding of myosatellite cell and telocyte necrosis indicates the impairment of skeletal muscle regenerative capacity, which may be a novel link in the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Aseptic osteitis of the tibia after intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid in a patient with knee osteoarthritis].","authors":"G K Eshmotova, A A Semina, A V Korshunov, D A Kobzarev, A I Semenov, A P Bonartsev, A Yu Zarov, L V Kaktursky, A V Volkov","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee osteoarthritis is a widespread disease with an insufficiently studied pathogenesis that affects various age groups and leads to progressive disappearance of hyaline cartilage with a severe impairment of function. In some cases, it requires a radical treatment - endoprotestics. Among conservative methods of osteoarthritis treatment intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid preparations are often used alongside with drug therapy. We present a case of granulomatous osteitis of the proximal tibial epiphysis caused by the injection of hyaluronic acid in a patient with severe osteoarthritis. X-ray examination revealed apparent dystrophic-degenerative changes in the left knee joint and the cancellous bone of the proximal tibial epiphysis in the patient. Macro- and microscopic examination showed absence of articular cartilage on a large area of the joint surface and its partial replacement by fibrous cartilage. Microscopic examination and scanning electron microscopy of the cancellous bone of the left proximal tibial epiphysis revealed fields of homogeneous gel-like, electron-transparent substance with a giant cell reaction to it. We present the first case in Russia of osteitis of the proximal tibial epiphysis due to intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in a patient with severe osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Extragenital endometriosis without a glandular component with damage to the diaphragm and pleura].","authors":"Z D Shtanev, N B Paramonova, N V Kovyazina, E E Shchelokova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis continues to be a significant problem for women of childbearing age, with between 6 and 10 percent of women suffering from this condition. Despite its high prevalence, the diagnosis of endometriosis can be difficult due to its different localization and morphological characteristics. This article presents a case of endometriosis affecting the diaphragm and pleura, without a glandular component. The immunohistochemical examination was instrumental in confirming the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Placenta increta into the scar in combination with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix].","authors":"L V Tsoy, M O Kutusheva, I V Barinova, N B Paramonova, Yu V Lerner, V A Varshavskiy, T A Demura","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Placenta increta is a pathological condition characterized by an invasion of placental tissue into the myometrium. The placenta doesn't detach naturally after delivery and cannot be separated without pathological hemorrhage. Previous cesarean section represents the main risk factor for the occurrence of placenta accreta. Pregnancy-related tissue changes complicate the identification of co-existing diseases of the cervix and uterine body. This case report discusses the characteristics and diagnostic methods of placenta increta in combination with cervical high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in a 35-year-old female patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"64-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}