Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[Clinical and morphological analysis of a case of retroperitoneal malakoplakia].","authors":"A N Belkin, D A Lobanov","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704158","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malakoplakia is a rare chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the genitourinary system. A case of malakoplakia in the retroperitoneal space in a 53-year-old female patient with abdominal pain syndrome is presented. According to the results of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space, the changes were assessed as nonspecific. Diagnostic biopsy revealed specific microscopic signs - the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration in the soft tissues of the retroperitoneal space with an abundance of CD68-positive macrophages containing PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions - Michaelis-Gutman bodies. Morphological examination allows differential diagnosis of malakoplakia with other pathological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"58-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Eosinophilic cells associated with BRAF mutation in borderline serous ovarian tumors].","authors":"A S Badlaeva, A V Tregubova, A A Udina, A V Asaturova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To define the diagnostic value of eosinophilic cells for the detection of <i>BRAF</i>-mutated serous borderline ovarian tumors.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 42 cases of serous borderline ovarian tumor, each of which was analyzed by 3 pathologists for the presence of eosinophilic cells. Genetic profiling using Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the <i>BRAF</i>^V600E mutation. Comparisons between two groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test. Fleiss's kappa was used to assess the interobserver agreement. To assess the diagnostic value of eosinophilic cells, sensitivity and specificity were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of a genetic study, the <i>BRAF</i>^V600Emutation was found in 19 of 42 tumors. When analyzing interobserver agreement, the Fleiss's kappa values allowed us to determine the reliability of the test as sufficient (ϰ=0.7). The sensitivity and specificity for predicting <i>BRAF</i>^V600Emutation for eosinophilic cells were 78.9% and 91.3%, respectively. Patients with the <i>BRAF</i>^V600E mutation were significantly younger than patients without it. Thus, the average age of patients in the group with the <i>BRAF</i>^V600E mutation was 33.6±15.6 years, while in the group of tumors without the mutation the average age of patients was 43.9±12.7 years (<i>p</i>=0.002). Non-invasive implants were less frequently found in tumors with the <i>BRAF</i>^V600E mutation compared to tumors without the mutation: 11.76% (2/17) versus 33.3% (6/18), respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i>=0.228).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eosinophilic cells in ovarian serous borderline tumors may sufficiently reflect the <i>BRAF</i>^V600E mutation, thereby correlating with disease prognosis (low risk of progression to low-grade serous carcinoma).</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Infectious diseases of the respiratory system in Irkutsk in 2023 according to autopsy data].","authors":"V V Svistunov, A E Makarova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize infectious diseases of the respiratory system in Irkutsk based on autopsy data for 2023.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The results of 1166 autopsies of those who died in multidisciplinary hospitals in Irkutsk in 2023 were analyzed. The data of macro- and microscopic, immunohistochemical, bacterioscopic, microbiological studies, and PCR were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of deaths from infectious diseases of the respiratory system was 683 - 59% of the total number of autopsies. Of these, acute pneumonia, including secondary, was 557 (48%). The etiology of secondary pneumonia is in most cases associated with <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, including in various combinations with other pathogens. The largest number of registered secondary pneumonias occurred during the period of increased incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Among those who died from tuberculosis, HIV-infected individuals predominated; in 67% of cases, the etiology of the disease was associated with the Beijing genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infectious diseases of the respiratory system remain one of the most pressing problems in medicine, and acute secondary pneumonia is the most common complication and the most common cause of death of patients in somatic hospitals in Irkutsk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quality control of immunohistochemical studies: compulsory duty or urgent need?]","authors":"L E Zavalishina, Yu Yu Andreeva, A A Barinov, I Yu Vinogradov, S V Vtorushin, I A Demidova, O A Kuznetsova, E M Olyushina, S V Petrov, G A Raskin, N A Savelov, K A Skripnikova, G A Frank","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunohistochemical study is an integral component of modern morphologic diagnostics, providing accurate marker detection and identification of molecular subtypes of malignant neoplasms. A quality control system is fundamental in the aspect of standardizing laboratory protocols, ensuring reproducibility of results and increasing the reliability of diagnostic conclusions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the quality of immunohistochemical studies at the successive stages of the laboratory process (pre-analytical, analytical, post-analytical) in medical organizations that are participants of the external quality control program of the IHC Quality Control Center of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education for 2024.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The present study analyzed the results of external quality control rounds initiated by the Quality Control Center. The nature and frequency of errors at all stages of immunohistochemical study, including procedures for fixation of biological material, methodology of immunohistochemical staining, and interpretation of the results obtained were evaluated. Analytical evaluation was carried out by experts in accordance with the criteria of international standards (CAP, NordiQC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of the pre-analytical stage revealed methodological inconsistencies related to the processes of fixation of biological material, to the degree of DNA degradation and to the qualitative characteristics of histologic processing. At the analytical stage, the main errors were inadequate selection of antibodies and detection systems, and insufficient validation of diagnostic protocols.</p><p><p>The postanalytic phase was characterized by a predominance of factors of incorrect conclusions, including errors in interpretation of HER2 status and molecular genetic subtypes of breast carcinoma. Repeated rounds of follow-up demonstrate that implementation of expert recommendations contributes to statistically significant improvements in diagnostic quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The system of external quality control of immunohistochemical studies represents a key tool to optimize the accuracy and reproducibility of morphological diagnostics. Systematic participation of laboratories in control programs, standardization of methodological approaches and improvement of professional qualification of specialists ensure minimization of diagnostic errors and increase of clinical significance of research results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Viktor Viktorovich Serov. On the 100th anniversary of his birth].","authors":"S G Radenska-Lopovok, D D Protsenko","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On December 5, 2024 it was 100 years since the birth of Viktor Viktorovich Serov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of acetylamide synthetic peptide HLDF-6 on cell differentiation in breast cancer].","authors":"A A Studenikina, E D Mangazeeva, A P Bogachuk, V M Lipkin, A I Autenshlyus","doi":"10.17116/patol2025870215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol2025870215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of drugs with the ability to increase differentiation and reduce tumor malignancy is one of the promising directions in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). As such, Human Leukemia Differentiation Factor (HLDF), a protein consisting of 54 amino acids and contributing to an increase in the degree of differentiation of invasive ductal breast carcinoma cells, can be used. The key disadvantage of the full-size HLDF is its rapid biodegradation. In this connection, the acetylamide form of the peptide (HLDF-6) was synthesized to protect against hydrolysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of HLDF-6 on cell differentiation in various molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The relative content of tumor cells of various degrees of differentiation in biopsies of 33 women with breast cancer when exposed to HLDF-6 tumor was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HLDF-6 significantly increases the relative content of differentiated cells in the luminal B HER2-negative subtype of breast cancer, without significantly affecting the cells of patients with luminal A and basal-like subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed the prospects of using HLDF-6 as part of differentiating therapy in patients with luminal B HER2-negative subtype of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphological markers of mitochondrial dysfunction of the basal plate cytotrophoblast of the placenta in preeclampsia of varying severity].","authors":"Z S Khizrieva, L V Kulida, I A Panova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258702124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258702124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathomorphological changes in preeclampsia develop in all elements of the functional system \"mother-placenta-fetus\" and play a leading role in the course and outcome of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify morphological markers of mitochondrial dysfunction of the basal plate cytotrophoblast of the placenta in women with preeclampsia of varying severity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Comprehensive morphological examination of placentas from women with uncomplicated pregnancy (30), moderate (30) and severe (30) preeclampsia included overview histology, morphometry, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the severity of preeclampsia, a leading place in the pathomorphological change in the placenta is occupied by a violation of uteroplacental circulation due to a violation of cytotrophoblast invasion. Immunohistochemical parameters of mitochondrial dysfunction of cytotrophoblast cells of the basal lamina have been determined. A significant decrease in the expression of mtDNA transcription and replication proteins (TFAM, POLG) and a violation of the structure of the respiratory chain (NADH+, cytochrome C) were revealed. These changes were combined with ultrastructural rearrangement of mitochondria, which are the basis of ATP synthesis. In moderate preeclampsia, a decrease in the number of mitochondria was revealed, the ratio of oval and rounded forms of mitochondria associated with swelling of the central parts of the crist changes. In severe preeclampsia, the structural basis of the connection of energy metabolism between mitochondria and the granular endoplasmic reticulum is interrupted. The progressive destruction of mitochondrial crysts with the formation of pseudovesicles ends with total necrosis of ultrastructures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pregnant women with preeclampsia, mitochondrial dysfunction of the cytotrophoblast cells of the basal lamina was diagnosed, characterized by a decrease in the expression of mtDNA transcription and replication proteins in combination with a violation of the I-III enzymatic complexes of the respiratory chain. The identified immunohistochemical markers are pathogenetically associated with ultrastructural rearrangement of mitochondria in preeclampsia of varying severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 2","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Seminoma of undescended testis in a patient with false hermaphroditism].","authors":"A D Tsaregorodtseva, Yu A Tikhonova, A A Shishkina, A S Smirnov, A V Arnautov, K A Nikulina, S A Reva, S B Petrov, A K Musonova, V D Nazarov, M G Rybakova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704148","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of sex development or hermaphroditism are a condition associated with a discrepancy between genetic, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism. Typical features are cryptorchidism and the presence of underdeveloped fallopian tubes, uterus or upper vagina in a male with karyotype 46, XY. Over the past 50 years, about 200 cases of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome have been reported. The article describes an observation of a 33-year-old patient with bilateral cryptorchidism, testicular neoplasm, and false hermaphroditism revealed during the examination of surgical material. Macroscopic and microscopic pictures are presented, including those using immunohistochemical methods. The results of a molecular genetic study of the surgical material are given. After all the examinations, the patient was diagnosed with: Typical seminoma of the right undescended testicle, pT2. False hermaphroditism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The impact of combined immunotherapy on the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment in patients with gastric carcinoma].","authors":"L A Tashireva, A Yu Kalinchuk, D M Loos, E A Tsarenkova, A V Avgustinovich, S G Afanas'ev, S V Vtorushin","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704124","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of combined anti-PD-1 immunotherapy on the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment in patients with gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 9 patients with morphologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma (stages T2-4N0-1M0) and positive PD-L1 status (CPS >1). All patients received 8 courses of preoperative chemotherapy according to the FLOT regimen, combined with additional immunotherapy using pembrolizumab (400 mg every 6 weeks). Changes in the tumor microenvironment were assessed using multicolor immunofluorescence followed by quantitative analysis of the proportions of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, CD20⁺ B-lymphocytes, CD163⁺ macrophages, and FoxP3⁺ regulatory T-cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant increase in the number of CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes (from 3.18% to 6.23%, <i>p</i>=0.0391) and, in particular, their PD-1-expressing subpopulation (from 0.00% to 0.22%, <i>p</i>=0.0156) was observed, while the numbers of CD20⁺, CD163⁺, and FoxP3⁺ cells remained unchanged. As a result, the CD8⁺/FoxP3⁺ cell ratio significantly increased during combined anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (from 0.69 to 3.22, <i>p</i>=0.0039). Additionally, associations were identified between immune parameters and clinicopathological characteristics, suggesting that gender and tumor stage may influence the immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained data indicate a remodeling of the tumor microenvironment under the influence of anti-PD-1 therapy, which potentially enhances the antitumor immune response and opens prospects for further optimization of gastric cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neuroendocrine tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Case report and literature review].","authors":"D E Suraev, S O Zagagov, N A Savelov, A A Ajazova, D Yu Kanner, O V Paklina","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701141","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous tumors with a common phenotype. There are two fundamentally different groups of NENs: well differentiated with a low proliferative index, called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated with a high proliferative index, called neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Extrahepatic bile duct NETs (EBNETs) account for 0.2% to 2% of all gastrointestinal NETs and up to 2% of all malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts. To date, 114 cases of EBNETs have been described, with disease-free survival ranging from 2 to 240 months. In most cases, the tumors expressed Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, CD56, and NSE. This report presents a rare case of an EBNET in a 61-year-old patient following resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The description includes data from radiological and ultrasound diagnostic methods, macro- and microscopic characteristics of the tumor, and immunohistochemical profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}