Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of forage inclusion strategies as a means of reducing liver abscesses in finishing feedlot cattle*†","authors":"T.J. Paterson ,&nbsp;E. O’Hara ,&nbsp;R.J. Gruninger ,&nbsp;G.B. Penner ,&nbsp;H.A. Lardner ,&nbsp;E. Stephens ,&nbsp;W. Yang ,&nbsp;K.A. Beauchemin ,&nbsp;T.A. McAllister ,&nbsp;G.O. Ribeiro","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02481","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluated different strategies of forage inclusion in finishing beef cattle diets and their ef- fects on feed intake, ruminal fermentation and microbiota, blood serum parameters, growth performance, carcass quality, and liver abscesses.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Steers (n = 360, 400 ± 29 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated across 24 pens, which were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (15 steers/pen, 6 pens/treatment) in a completely randomized experiment. Treatments included: (1) positive control (+CTRL) fed a diet (7.5% forage on a diet DM basis) with tylosin (11 mg/kg); (2) negative control (−CTRL; control diet without tylosin); (3) a diet where forage concentration decreased (DECR) every 42 d and was static for the last 84 d (forage represented 15%, 9%, 3%, and 3% of DM, respectively) without tylosin; and (4) a diet where forage concentration increased (INCR), inverse of the DECR without tylosin.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The +CTRL steers had greater ADG (1.74 kg/d vs. 1.63 kg/d), shrunk total BW gain (306 vs. 287 kg), and a tendency for greater final BW (705 vs. 687 kg), than than INCR steers. As expected, a diet × period interaction was observed for DMI, but it did not differ among treatments over the full study. Yield scores and rib fat thickness were greater in –CTRL than INCR steers. The percentage of steers with minor liver abscesses tended to be less for +CTRL (51.8%) and DECR (51.8%) compared with −CTRL (62.2%) and INCR (64.3%).</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Greater dietary con- centrations of forage earlier in the finishing phase, with a subsequent decline thereafter, has the potential to de- crease the proportion of minor liver abscesses similar to typical finishing diets including tylosin, without affecting growth performance or carcass quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 279-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000521/pdf?md5=617baa5ed054874099abd1923fccb53a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of liver-abscess presence and severity with trim loss, slaughter yield, carcass grading performance, lung lesions, and value of fed-Holsteins*","authors":"R.T. Herrick ,&nbsp;C.L. Rogers ,&nbsp;T.A. Jones ,&nbsp;T.J. McEvers ,&nbsp;T.R. Brown ,&nbsp;C.L. Maxwell ,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02471","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate the effects of liver abscesses on carcass characteristics and value of Holstein carcasses.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Fed-Holsteins were evalu- ated at 2 commercial processing facilities in Texas (n = 1,073) and Kansas (n = 1,070) from fall of 2016 through spring of 2017. Liver abscesses were visually assessed and scored; simultaneously, lungs were manually palpated to assess degree of consolidation and fibrin tag formation, to assess their association with liver abnormality. Finally, carcass trim was weighed from carcasses moved off line for zero tolerance trimming. Carcass and viscera values were assigned using USDA market reports and adjusted based on viscera condemnations along with premiums and dis- counts for quality and yield outcomes. Data were analyzed using the MIXED and GENMOD procedures of SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with carcass as the experi- mental unit.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Hot carcass weight was re- duced (−25.1 kg, −6.6%) in carcasses that had an ad- hered and open liver abscess as compared with carcasses without abscessed livers. Carcasses with adhered, open, or adhered and open liver scores had increased carcass trim (0.72, 3.92, and 3.39 kg, respectively) when compared with carcasses without abscessed livers (0.38 kg). Similarly, carcasses with adhered, open, or adhered and open liver scores returned gross carcass revenues that were 5.0% to 6.4% less (–$97.69, –$93.86, and –$121.22/carcass, re- spectively) than carcasses without abscessed livers. Liver abscesses reduced gross offal values of individual animals by 20% to 84% depending upon severity.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Fed-Holsteins have been a significant portion of the beef industry, even though Holsteins have increased rates of severe liver ab- scesses compared with their non-dairy-reared equivalents. Therefore, methods to control liver abscesses should be employed, to mitigate the greater financial risk that Hol- steins and dairy-reared animals incur to both cattle feeders and beef processors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000594/pdf?md5=d56e6e671142003aedb8bcb10255f04c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000594-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of calcium magnesium carbonate, tylosin phosphate, or both on growth performance, carcass traits, liver outcomes, and rumination activity of yearling beef steers fed a finishing diet*","authors":"B.B. Grimes Francis ,&nbsp;F.L. Francis ,&nbsp;E.R. Gubbels ,&nbsp;T.C. Norman ,&nbsp;T.M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;S.R. Hanson ,&nbsp;C.R. Ross ,&nbsp;D.M. Paulus Compart ,&nbsp;W.C. Rusche ,&nbsp;Z.K. Smith","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02479","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with calcium magnesium carbonate (CMC), tylosin phosphate (TYL), or both on rumination behavior, growth performance, liver abscess prevalence, and carcass characteristics of yearling beef steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial including CMC and TYL. Beef steers (n = 156; 469 ± 18 kg) were assigned to 1 of 20 pens. Di- etary inclusion of CMC was included at 1.5% of the diet (DM basis) in replacement of dry-rolled corn, and TYL was provided at 90 mg per steer/d. Growth performance was calculated on a carcass-adjusted basis (hot carcass weight/0.625). Data were analyzed as a randomized com- plete block design with fixed effects of CMC, TYL, and their interaction; block was a random effect.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Dry matter intake was 4.9% less when CMC was fed and 1.6% greater when TYL was fed. Carcass weight tended to be lighter with CMC supplementation compared with CON (432 vs. 439 kg). Supplementation of TYL tended to reduce the percentage of abscessed livers by 55.7%.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>These results indi- cate that supplementation of CMC did not result in any improvements in growth, carcass, or dietary net energy utilization, but TYL supplementation tended to reduce liver abscess prevalence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000533/pdf?md5=64d80c67df2eb88a0fbfba9f159854fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Summary of the Special Issue on liver abscesses in cattle and thoughts on future research*","authors":"K.E. Hales","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02553","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>My objective was to summarize 16 original research manuscripts and 1 perspectives and commentary contribution that were submitted, peer reviewed, and ac- cepted in this Special Issue on liver abscesses in cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A summary of key points made in the Special Issue articles is provided. Additional conclusions and thoughts about future directions of re- search to address liver abscesses (LA) in cattle are offered. <strong>Results and Discussion:</strong> This Special Issue represents the current understanding of the etiology, blood chemis- try biomarkers, dietary and management strategies, and mitigation strategies for LA in cattle used in the feedlot industry throughout the United States and Canada. Sev- enteen articles from researchers and industry professionals studying LA in cattle are included, with studies ranging from practical dietary intervention strategies to experi- ments designed to understand the mode of action and the etiology of LA development.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Liver abscess disease is a multifactorial, polymicrobial disease that affects mul- tiple organ systems within the body, reflecting complex interactions among the host, environment, and pathogens. The pathogenesis of this disease needs to be further exam- ined, and basic and applied research approaches should be employed to advance our understanding of liver abscesses in cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 430-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000648/pdf?md5=cc9eb5e25d05b05609b48e6fdf8365d9&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000648-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of isolation of Fusobacterium varium from liver abscesses and ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues of feedlot cattle*","authors":"Alyssa Deters ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Shi ,&nbsp;Ty Lawrence ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02512","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to isolate and determine prevalence of <em>Fusobacterium varium</em> in liver abscesses and the corresponding ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues and ruminal and colonic contents of feedlot cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A total of 96 intact liver abscess samples and matched ruminal and colonic tissues and contents from cattle, originating from feedlots that did not receive in-feed tylosin, were collected at slaughter. Liver abscesses and ruminal and colonic tissue were ho- mogenized and then plated, before and after enrichment in lactate or lysine medium with selective antibiotics, onto blood agar and selective lactate or lysine agar for isolation of <em>Fusobacterium</em> and to determine prevalence and concentration. Putative colonies were tested by a quantitative PCR assay targeting the <em>hgdA</em> gene for species confirma- tion.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>None of the liver abscess samples yielded <em>F. varium</em> by direct plating; however, <em>F. varium</em> was isolated from 3 of 96 (3.1%) following enrich- ment of the homogenate in lactate or lysine medium. In contrast to liver abscesses, <em>F. varium</em> was isolated by direct plating from 27.1% (26/96) of ruminal epithelial and 3.1% (3/96) of colonic epithelial tissue homogenates. Overall, 10.1%, 77.1%, 44.8%, 86.5%, and 70.1% of liver abscess, ruminal, and colonic epithelial tissues and ruminal and colonic contents were positive for <em>F. varium,</em> respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>The increased fre- quency of isolation and high prevalence of <em>F. varium</em> in ruminal tissue and, to a lesser extent, in the colonic tissue confirms its ability to invade tissues and possibly cause bacterial ruminitis. However, the relatively low frequency of <em>F. varium</em> isolation and low prevalence in liver abscesses suggest that it is unlikely to be an etiologic agent. Inter- estingly, there is some evidence that ruminal strains of <em>F. varium</em> were resistant to tylosin; therefore, it would be of interest to determine the prevalence in cattle receiving in-feed tylosin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259028652400048X/pdf?md5=b7bf787bb6127cde5c04de4ebe1f3353&pid=1-s2.0-S259028652400048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary composition and feeding management regimen on liver abscess prevalence, growth performance, and carcass outcomes of feedlot steers*","authors":"K.N. Schneid,&nbsp;J.D. Young,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence,&nbsp;J.T. Richeson,&nbsp;K.L. Samuelson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02490","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We investigated the independent and in- teractive effects of dietary starch concentration and feed- ing management regimen on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and prevalence of liver abscesses in finish- ing beef cattle.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Beef steers (n = 720) were assigned to 48 pens in a randomized complete block de- sign, with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial (12 pens per treatment). Factors were finishing diets with ei- ther low (49.1%; CON) or high (64.4%; HOT) starch con- centrations and feeding management regimens designed for consistent feed delivery (REG) or randomized varia- tions (ERR) in both feed quantity (85% followed by 115% of the previous 4-d average randomly once per week) and delivery time (randomly delayed for 1, 2, 3, or 4 h twice per week).</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>No interactions between diet and feeding management regimen were detected for growth performance, carcass outcomes, or liver abscess prevalence. Steers fed HOT had greater liver abscess fre- quency (55.1% vs. 33.4%) and a greater proportion of liver scars (46.7% vs. 34.0%) compared with CON. Steers consuming HOT also had less final BW, ADG, DMI, hot carcass weight, marbling score, and calculated YG versus CON. Feeding management regimen did not affect liver abscess frequency, growth performance, or carcass merit.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Feeding a high- starch diet increased liver abscess prevalence and de- creased growth and affected carcass outcomes. In contrast, erratic feeding management did not affect liver or produc- tion outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 3","pages":"Pages 347-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000570/pdf?md5=07392e80ae843afe55660178c2dc1f41&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000570-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcass and non-carcass component yields of trenbolone acetate + estradiol-17β implanted steers vs. non-implanted steers across serial harvest endpoints","authors":"Sierra L. Pillmore ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn R. Wesley ,&nbsp;Tylo J. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Kimberly B. Cooper ,&nbsp;Forest L. Francis ,&nbsp;Travis C. Tennant ,&nbsp;Wade T. Nichols ,&nbsp;Lee-Anne J. Walter ,&nbsp;John P. Hutcheson ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We investigated incremental growth of carcass and non-carcass components and tissue partitioning of implanted or non-implanted steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Steers (n = 80; 271 ± 45 kg) were paired and randomized to harvest date (d 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, or 378), and individuals within pairs were randomized to CON (negative control) or REV (Revalor-XS, Merck Animal Health, on d 0 and 190) treatments. Non-carcass components were removed, cleaned, and weighed. Growth coefficients were calculated using the allometric equation Y = bX^a.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Empty body weight (EBW), and hot carcass weight (HCW) were 6% greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in REV steers versus CON. No treatment effects (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.12) occurred for fill or dressed carcass yield (DY); however, EBW, HCW, and DY increased (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.01) and percentage fill decreased as an effect of days on feed (DOF). Absolute fill weight did not change across DOF (<em>P</em> = 0.82). Implanted steers had greater (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) absolute mass of blood, head, hide, oxtail, liver, spleen, bladder, heart, reticulum, omasum, stomach, small intestine, intestines, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), total splanchnic tissue, and total offal. Implanted steers also had smaller (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) absolute mass of thymus glands and kidney-pelvic- heart fat (KPH) than non-implanted steers. Non-carcass components with lowest growth coefficients included small intestine (0.02), large intestine (0.12), and brain and spinal cord (0.13). However, KPH (2.01) accumulated at more than 2 times the rate of the empty body, whereas cod fat (1.42) and GIT fat (1.61) grew notably faster than the empty body.</p></div><div><h3>Implication and Applications</h3><p>Results suggest that Revalor-XS increased body and carcass weights and altered many non-carcass components and their growth co- efficients, ultimately playing key biological, nutritional, and financial roles across sectors of the beef industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 176-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000259/pdf?md5=966ea9629f237e2cc57a7625773b5005&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of conventional and natural management systems on backgrounding and finishing performance of beef steers","authors":"J. Smith ,&nbsp;E. Darambazar ,&nbsp;G.B. Penner ,&nbsp;N. Erickson ,&nbsp;K. Larson ,&nbsp;J. McKinnon ,&nbsp;D. Damiran ,&nbsp;H.A. (Bart) Lardner","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluated 2 beef cattle manage- ment strategies, conventional (CONV) or natural (NAT), for 3 BW groups at weaning to evaluate growth perfor- mance during backgrounding and finishing and carcass characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A total of 240 weaned steers, free of preweaning implants, were allocated into heavy (HV) (290 ± 21 kg; mean ± SD), medium (MD) (247 ± 8 kg), or light (LT) (214 ± 15.6 kg) weight groups over 2 yr. Each weight group (n = 80) was randomly allo- cated to 1 of 2 treatments (n = 40): either conventional or natural (n = 4). Conventional treatments used hormonal implants and feed additives, but the natural treatment did not. Following a 41-d receiving phase, HV steers entered direct finishing, MD steers entered a short backgrounding and finishing, and LT steers entered a long backgrounding, grazing, and finishing, all fed to a shrink weight of 620 kg.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Steer ADG was 19% and 22% greater for MD- and LT-CONV, respectively, at backgrounding, compared with NAT. The G:F was 20% greater for HV- and MD-CONV at finishing and 25% greater for LT-CONV at backgrounding. The HV-, MD-, and LT-CONV took 50, 71, and 59 fewer days on feed, respectively, to finish, relative to NAT. The rib-eye area were greatest in HV-CONV, and NAT produced greater marbling, QG (AAA), and backfat thickness and had a greater proportion of liver abscesses.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Steers managed without performance-enhancing technologies under west- ern Canadian conditions will have lower ADG, G:F, and YG1, but greater days on feed to a target weight, AAA grade, marbling, and backfat thickness, than convention- ally-managed steers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 150-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000235/pdf?md5=cb9ad1de0a2c0fc323521a5b56abf16f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity and rumination of implanted Charolais × Angus feedlot steers versus non-implanted counterparts consuming 3 levels of roughage throughout a 361-day feeding duration","authors":"Sierra L. Pillmore ,&nbsp;Tylo J. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn R. Wesley ,&nbsp;Kimberly B. Cooper ,&nbsp;Forest L. Francis ,&nbsp;Travis C. Tennant ,&nbsp;Wade T. Nichols ,&nbsp;John P. Hutcheson ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Rumination and activity of growing feedlot steers were evaluated in response to growth-promoting implant administration, feeding duration, and dietary rough- age.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Charolais × Angus steers (n = 80) were randomized to harvest (1, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, or 378 d on feed) and implant treatment (REV: Revalor-XS on d 0 and d 190; CON: no implant). Activity and rumination were objectively monitored via accelerometers attached to the left ear. Steers consumed 3 rations throughout the study: starter (38.5% roughage), intermediate (23% roughage), and finishing (8.5% rough- age). Data were logged in 2-h increments from 77 steers across 361 d and analyzed using mixed models.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Rumination and activity varied within 24-h, exhibiting bimodal patterns; rumination peaked at 0600 and 1400 h and troughed at 1000 and 1800 h. Activity peaked at 0800 and 1800 h and troughed at 0400, 1200 to 1400, and 2200 h. Steers administered REV ruminated less (331 vs. 354 min/d) than CON; however, activity was similar between treatments. Treatment × roughage interactions occurred for rumination and activity. Rumination tended to be greater for CON steers consuming 38.5% than CON steers consuming 23% roughage, furthermore, CON steers ruminated more than REV when consuming 8.5% roughage. Implanted and non-implanted steers ruminated less as roughage inclusion decreased from 38.5% and 23% to 8.5% (457 and 439 vs. 317 min/d, respectively) in the finishing ration. Activity was greatest for steers consuming 38.5% roughage and was similar between treatments; however, activity decreased upon transition to 23% and 8.5% roughage. Observed surges and declines in activity can be attributed to processing days and weather events. Implanted steers consuming 8.5% roughage were more active (342 vs. 337 and 333 min/d) than CON and REV steers consuming 23% roughage.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>In conclusion, rumination and activity are responsive to hour of day, dietary roughage and growth-promoting implants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000302/pdf?md5=b8d3c812f141091d4075ff2bae8ee149&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140296050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US wool industry perceptions of digital record keeping and wool supply-chain traceability","authors":"C.E. Newman ,&nbsp;C.L. Gifford ,&nbsp;D.P. Anderson ,&nbsp;J.D. Scasta ,&nbsp;W.C. Stewart","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objectives of this research were to assess the awareness and perceptions of technology currently available to the US sheep industry, to determine how each industry segment prioritizes data records, to understand what level of premiums are needed and realistic, and to assess changes by industry segment and operation size.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>An online survey was distributed at the 2022 American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) Convention and through the University of Wyoming Sheep Extension and ASI Emerging Entrepreneurs social media pages. Respondents were asked demographic questions and specific segment questions that assessed knowledge of blockchain, importance of records, and current adoption of technology. All descriptive and ANOVA analyses used R statistical procedures (R Core Team; version 2023.03.0). Least squares means were calculated, and the glm procedure of R was used to develop a binary logit model to assess statistical probabilities. Significance was considered at α = 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>A total of 61 responses were acquired (n = 52 producers; n = 9 wool warehousers/ processors), representing operations in 19 US states and Ontario, Canada. Respondents indicated they are somewhat familiar with using blockchain technology for tracking records of importance. Adoption of electronic identification (EID) technology and digital record keeping were significant by operation size, with inflection points for operations with &lt;99 head or &gt;2,000 head (i.e., extremes). A market premium 8.1–12% over base price is needed to submit a raw wool core test into a blockchain-based system, but wool warehousers/processors are willing to pay a premium to have access to the records on a blockchain- based system at 4.1–8% over base price.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Producers and wool warehousers/processors are somewhat familiar with block-chain technology for tracking records of importance, but producer adoption of the current technologies (e.g., EID, software) is limited. Adoption of current management technologies is influenced by operation size, so further work should be conducted to determine the largest barriers to adoption. Further adoption of the current technologies is needed before blockchain technology can be used to its full potential in the sheep industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000284/pdf?md5=3d43f919c27e406983403fa3bcabf54a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}