Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication yields and allometric growth coefficients of carcass components of serially slaughtered implanted or non-implanted beef steers","authors":"Kaitlyn R. Wesley ,&nbsp;Sierra L. Pillmore ,&nbsp;Tylo J. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Kimberly B. Cooper ,&nbsp;Forest L. Francis ,&nbsp;Travis C. Tennant ,&nbsp;Wade T. Nichols ,&nbsp;Lee-Anne J. Walter ,&nbsp;John P. Hutcheson ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02580","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to quantify differences in carcass fabrication yield and allometric coefficients of carcass components from implanted and non-implanted steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Steers (n = 80; initial BW 271 ± 45 kg) were paired and randomized to slaughter date (d 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, 378). Individuals were randomized to treatment of negative control (CON) or Revalor-XS on d 0 and 190 (REV). One side of each animal was fabricated after a 48-h chill into primals, denuded subprimals, lean trim, trimmed fat, and bone. Weights (g) of non-carcass and carcass components were log-transformed and consolidated to arithmetic means by treatment and slaughter date. Growth coefficients were calculated using the allometric equation.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Cattle administered REV had increased cold side weights (CSW) 7.7%, bone yield 4.9%, and red meat yield 8.5%, with no differences in fat yield. Forequarter primal weights (chuck, brisket, foreshank, rib) increased 8.4%, 6.9%, 7.2%, and 5.2%, respectively, for REV cattle. Hindquarter primals (loin, flank, round) increased by 7.0%, 8.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, for REV steers. Length of feeding period notably did not affect chuck or loin yields proportionate to CSW. Fat as percentage of CSW increased at 0.04% per day, whereas bone and red meat yield decreased at −0.013% and −0.024% per day, respectively. Allometric growth coefficients were greater for REV in 2 carcass components (chuck eye roll, eye of round), whereas CON was greater in 1 component (flank steak). All primals except the round (0.81) and foreshank (0.87) exhibited growth coefficients greater than the empty body.</p></div><div><h3>Implication and Applications</h3><p>These data indicate that REV steers are more likely to have heavier side weights, greater bone yield, and increased red meat yields than CON steers. Additionally, minimal differences were observed in allometric growth coefficients between CON and REV steers. Steers administered REV greatly improved carcass yield over CON during a 378-d finishing period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 647-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000971/pdf?md5=57c150e525b5f0dec631ed6fc340b939&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000971-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lubabegron dose and duration on calculated cumulative ammonia gas emissions and growth performance by feedlot steers during the last 28, 56, or 84 days of the feeding period","authors":"Matt Edmonds ,&nbsp;John C. Kube ,&nbsp;Janet B. Allen ,&nbsp;Michelle Calvo-Lorenzo ,&nbsp;David McKenna ,&nbsp;Dale Woerner ,&nbsp;Mahesh Nair ,&nbsp;Ashley Corona ,&nbsp;John Scanga ,&nbsp;Phil Rincker ,&nbsp;K. Camara ,&nbsp;M.S. Brown","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02518","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to characterize the effects of lubabegron (Experior 10; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) on ammonia gas emissions, growth and carcass merit, and animal mobility of feedlot steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Crossbred beef steers were used in a randomized complete block with a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of dietary lubabegron concentrations. (LUB; 0, 1.5, 3.5, or 5.5 mg/kg of DM) and duration of feeding (28, 56, or 84 d before slaughter). Blocks were slaughtered after an equal time on feed.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Calculated cumulative ammonia gas emissions per kilogram of hot carcass weight decreased after 28 d (linear) as LUB increased and responded quadratically after 56 and 84 d (LUB × duration). Steer DMI (LUB × duration) decreased linearly as LUB increased after 28 and 56 d. Final shrunk BW and ADG (LUB × duration) increased (linear) as duration increased and increased (quadratic) as LUB increased. The increase in G:F (LUB × duration) as LUB increased was linear within each duration, with an increasingly smaller magnitude as duration increased. Steer G:F increased linearly as duration increased when 0, 1.5, and 3.5 mg/kg of DM was fed. Steer DP (LUB × duration) increased quadratically as duration increased and linearly as LUB increased. Marbling score (LUB × duration) decreased quadratically as LUB increased when fed for 84 d and decreased linearly when 1.5 or 3.5 mg/kg of DM was fed. Average YG decreased (LUB × duration) linearly as LUB increased. Neither LUB nor duration altered the distribution of mobility scores at lairage before slaughter.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Feeding lubabegron resulted in lesser calculated ammonia emissions per kilogram of output, ≤0.3 kg/d lesser DMI, up to 19 kg more hot carcass weight, and leaner carcasses with a lesser marbling score after 56 d and did not alter health status or animal mobility after transport to slaughter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 669-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000995/pdf?md5=faabfaf8d5100e91eb8ca696bb5b1ce2&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000995-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lubabegron supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and mobility of Holstein steers","authors":"William C. Kayser ,&nbsp;Randall C. Raymond ,&nbsp;Phillip J. Rincker ,&nbsp;Sara Linneen ,&nbsp;Cory T. Herr","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02528","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of feeding Lubabegron (LB; Experior, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) for 0, 28, 56, or 84 d on live growth, car- cass, and mobility in Holstein steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Holstein steers (n = 438; 521 kg ± 35.5 kg) were used in a completely randomized study with 4 duration treatments: control, LB for 28 d, LB for 56 d, and LB for 84 d. Feed intake, BW, and car- cass data were all measured and analyzed on an individual basis.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>In the pooled analysis, steers fed LB had greater total gain, ADG and G:F on a live and yield-adjusted basis relative to the controls. Lubabegron treated cattle had greater hot carcass weight, dressing per- cent and ribeye area, and decreased marbling score and average yield grade compared with the control treatment. There were no differences detected between LB or control steers in mobility at either shipment to abattoir or in lai- rage.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Application</h3><p>Supplementation with LB favorably altered growth and carcass responses. Steers fed LB had no differences in mobility or other health maladies during the feeding period. These results indicate that feedyard producers can utilize LB without negatively affecting feeding performance or carcass quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 681-687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524001009/pdf?md5=46450c1511a970321716c4dc779ed23c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524001009-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of a single extended-release implant and a re-implant strategy on performance and carcass characteristics of beef finishing heifers","authors":"J.L. Sperber ,&nbsp;E.A. Schumacher ,&nbsp;D.J. Jordon ,&nbsp;R.J. Cooper ,&nbsp;T.L. Scott ,&nbsp;S. Bundy ,&nbsp;D.B. Burken ,&nbsp;G. Sides ,&nbsp;R.M. Cleale ,&nbsp;G.E. Erickson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02533","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2023-02533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A commercial feedlot experiment evalu- ated the effects of implanting heifers with an extended- release implant (Synovex One Feedlot) compared with a re-implant strategy (Synovex Choice followed by Synovex Plus) on finishing heifer performance, animal health, and carcass characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Using a randomized com- plete block design, crossbred heifers (n = 1,737; initial BW = 313 kg ± 15.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 24 pens across 2 treatments for an average of 181 d experi- ment. Treatments included a single extended-release im- plant administered on d 0 (Synovex One Feedlot; ONE) or a re-implant strategy of Synovex Choice (d 0) followed by Synovex Plus (CH/PLUS) on d 93 to 95.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>There were no differences in live final BW or ADG between the 2 implant strate- gies; however, heifers implanted with CH/PLUS had 2.5% greater carcass-adjusted feed efficiency than ONE heif- ers. The CH/PLUS strategy produced heavier hot carcass weight (387 vs. 384 kg), larger LM area (87.9 vs. 85.3 cm²), and greater DP (62.30% vs. 61.96%) compared with ONE. Heifers implanted with ONE had greater marbling score, calculated YG, and 12th-rib fat (1.97 vs. 1.89 cm) compared with CH/PLUS heifers, resulting in a difference in QG and YG distribution between the 2 implant strate- gies. No differences were observed between treatments in morbidity, mortality, or pen removals.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>These results indi- cate that heifers receiving a more aggressive re-implant strategy have heavier hot carcass weight, greater yield, and larger LM area, but reduced marbling compared with heifers that received an extended-release implant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 661-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000983/pdf?md5=b6620ca113d87dba00b2ad7fd5fb3d29&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000983-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"October\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00102-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00102-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524001022/pdfft?md5=40f45ee6e6186e91df88d5861cfe9b8a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524001022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous melatonin on the postweaning immune response and growth performance of crossbred beef calves","authors":"Allie E. Martin,&nbsp;Vinicius S. Machado,&nbsp;Ryan J. Rathmann,&nbsp;Whitney L. Crossland","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02555","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin on the immune response and growth performance of beef calves during a vaccination series at weaning.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Crossbred beef calves (n = 48, initial BW = 176 ± 21.7 kg) were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: vaccinated with 0.5 mg of ovalbumin (d 0 and 21) or not, and a 24-mg injection of melatonin (d 0 and 21) or not. Treatments were placebo injections only (CON), vaccination only (VAC), melatonin only (MEL), and both melatonin and vaccination (MVAC). Calves were weaned on d 0 and fed for 63 d. Calf BW and blood samples were collected on d 0, 2, 4, 8, 21, 42, and 63.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>On d 8, MEL-treated calves had a greater percentage of cells performing oxidative burst and a greater percentage of cells performing phagocytosis, and these were at a greater intensity. On d 21, MEL-treated calves also had greater burst intensity than other treatments. Melatonin alone may bolster the innate immune response. Anti-ovalbumin IgG response was different on d 63, where MVAC calves had greater circulating anti-ovalbumin IgG compared with VAC calves. Calves who received VAC treatment had greater DMI than calves who received MVAC, and MVAC-treated calves tended to have a greater G:F than VAC calves. The administration of melatonin at the time of vaccination resulted in greater feed conversion and greater IgG than VAC alone.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Melatonin may bolster the immune response of calves at weaning and improve feed conversion, incentivizing its adoption as a management protocol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 598-607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000922/pdf?md5=37fdb6f979b9dcab830892778a055e43&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000922-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic potential of field peas as an alternative to corn distillers dried grains with solubles in beef heifer growing diets","authors":"Michael Undi ,&nbsp;Jon T. Biermacher ,&nbsp;Kevin Sedivec ,&nbsp;Timothy Long","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02548","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study was conducted to (1) determine the economic potential of field peas relative to corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets of growing heifers and (2) identify price points for competitive utilization of field peas as an alternative to corn DDGS in diets of growing heifers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>In a 2-yr study, 162 heifers/ yr were kept in 6 dry lot pens and fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn DDGS-based or field pea-based TMR in the fall and winter. Animal performance (final BW, total gain, and ADG) data analysis considered the fixed effects of diet (DDGS or peas), season (fall and winter), and diet × season interaction. Base-case ration costs were calculated using prices of $325∙t⁻¹ and $366∙t⁻¹ for corn DDGS and field peas, respectively. To understand market situations where field peas are more cost effective than DDGS, and vice versa, sensitivity analysis was conducted to calculate relative total cost of feeding peas versus DDGS for several combinations of prices of DDGS and field peas.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Heifer performance was not affected by dietary treatment, which was expected because diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Therefore, the relative economics of diet (DDGS vs. field peas) is based on evaluation of costs. Base-case results indicated that field pea-based rations cost $6.89∙head⁻¹ more than DDGS-based rations. Sensitivity analysis suggests that field peas only have a lower cost relative to corn DDGS in situations where the price of peas are between 30% and 50% less than the base-case price of peas at the same time that the prices of corn DDGS are at base-case prices and below. The breakeven price of field peas was $231.15∙t⁻¹ ($7.64∙bushel⁻¹), or 71% of the base-case price of DDGS. Overall, the value of field peas was mainly driven by the amount of field peas incorporated into diets and the price of field peas relative to DDGS.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Results from this study offer useful economic information to the field pea processing industry about the range of prices that beef cattle producers can afford to pay for peas relative to DDGS. This information will help the industry to develop a reliable supply chain for field peas as a feed source for beef cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000910/pdf?md5=89b40c2405d2f58d6d6090ebc483529f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000910-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin A supplementation on liver retinol concentrations of beef cows and their calves managed in confinement","authors":"H.F. Speer ,&nbsp;K.H. Wilke ,&nbsp;M.E. Drewnoski","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02564","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate how the amount of vitamin A supplementation provided from mid- gestation through early lactation affected liver retinol con- centrations of a cow and, subsequently, of her calf in a confinement system.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Multiparous Angus cross beef cows (n = 54; BCS = 6.0) in mid-gestation (5 mo) with an initial BW of 578 kg (SD = ±74) were stratified by BCS and time spent in the confinement system and were assigned to pen (n = 9). Pens were assigned (n = 3) to each of the following treatments: current NASEM (2016) recommendation (31,000 IU/d; 1X) or 3 times (93,000 IU/d; 3X) or 5 times (155,000 IU/d; 5X) the cur- rent NASEM recommendation for supplemental vitamin A. Cows were limit fed a diet consisting of wheat straw, corn silage, and wet distillers grains. Liver biopsies were collected from cows 24 d before treatment initiation and at d 40 and 81 of supplementation, and both cows and calves were sampled 32 d after calving (d 165 of supplementa- tion, SD = ±22).</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>No differences in initial cow liver retinol concentrations (mean 186 μg/g of DM) were observed between treatments. A significant treatment × day interaction was observed for cow liver retinol. Liver retinol concentrations of 1X remained below adequate ref- erence ranges (300–700 μg/g of DM) throughout the study (≤189 μg/g of DM), whereas 3X and 5X were elevated into the adequate range by d 81 (334 and 412 μg/g of DM, respectively). Calf liver retinol concentration also differed among treatments, as calves of cows in 1X had lesser liver concentrations than 3X and 5X calves, which did not dif- fer. Liver retinol concentrations considered adequate for calves at 32 d of age (100–350 μg/g of DM) were not observed in 1X calves (51 μg/g of DM) but were observed in calves from 3X and 5X cows (119 and 165 μg/g of DM, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>Providing the amount of supplemental vitamin A recommended by NASEM to cows in a long- term drylot did not result in cow or calf liver retinol con- centrations within the adequate reference ranges. Supple- menting cows with 93,000 IU/d of vitamin A for 165 d brought liver retinol concentrations of cows and their calves up within adequate reference ranges. Cows being fed diets consisting mainly of brown forages and concen- trates long term may need more supplemental vitamin A than currently recommended to ensure calves receive enough vitamin A from colostrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 619-626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000946/pdf?md5=5c85a60c406a629ed14b476df91f78d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased dietary rumen degradable protein from soybean meal improved growth performance but increased liver abscess severity in finishing beef steers","authors":"Cassidy R. Ross,&nbsp;Zachary K. Smith,&nbsp;Forest L. Francis,&nbsp;Ana Clara B. Menezes,&nbsp;Warren C. Rusche","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02584","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to determine whether partial or complete replacement of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) with solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) in diets based on high-moisture corn affected growth performance, sera urea nitrogen (SUN) concentrations, and carcass traits in finishing steers.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Beef steers (n = 189; initial shrunk BW = 381 ± 37.1 kg) were used in a 139-d experiment. Treatments were DDGS fed at 20% DM (DDGS), SBM replacing 50% of DDGS (SBM50), and SBM replacing 100% of DDGS (SBM100). Steers were allotted to 1 of 24 pens (8 pens per treatment). Sera was harvested on d 77, 105, and 139 for determination of SUN. Linear and quadratic effects were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials with SUN analyzed as repeated measures.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Feeding SBM increased final BW (linear). Treatment affected ADG (quadratic) and G:F. Treatment tended to affect carcass-adjusted G:F (quadratic), and SBM increased dietary NE (linear). The SBM100 had greater rib-eye area (linear) but decreased DP (linear). Additional SBM altered liver scores with SBM100 having more severe abscesses. Day and treatment affected SUN, increasing over time, and steers fed SBM100 had greater SUN concentrations than those fed DDGS.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Replacement of DDGS with SBM increased retained protein and rib-eye area, tended to decrease DP, and tended to quadratically improve G:F, with increased liver abscess severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 627-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000958/pdf?md5=3c35f941fc96ae1be6c76d5736f4c213&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of existing and future Tennessee value-added cattle dairy enterprises","authors":"C.S. Zaring ,&nbsp;K.L. Jensen ,&nbsp;D.W. Hughes ,&nbsp;M.T. Morgan ,&nbsp;R.W. Holland ,&nbsp;W.H. Pepper ,&nbsp;M.B. Leffew ,&nbsp;J.L.Z. Ivey ,&nbsp;E.A. Eckelkamp","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02570","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective was to provide a comprehen- sive overview and assessment of Tennessee’s value-added dairy (VAD) industry.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Dairy producers and pro- cessors completed a 50-question in-person survey that included the following: (1) respondent information, (2) farm information, (3) processing information, (4) process- ing equipment, and (5) business economics. Data were reported for 15 cow dairy producer-processors separated into existing VAD (EP) and potential future VAD (FP) (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively). Descriptive statistics were run, and independent-sample <em>t</em>-tests were used to identify group differences within questions.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Existing and FP were 39 ± 12 and 38 ± 13 yr old, respectively. Seven EP processed their milk. All FP planned to process their milk, but some EP and FP did or planned to supplement their raw milk needs by purchasing Tennessee milk (n = 5). Off-farm income was a minor household income source (9 ± 15%) for EP, whereas FP relied heavily on off-farm income (62 ± 39%). In Tennessee, 6.2% of all cattle dairies were also VAD, primarily located in East Tennessee. Ice cream and creamline milk were produced most often; fluid milk had the highest annual production volume (270,287 L) per EP. Creamline milk and aged cheese were the most considered by VAD. Existing and FP were in good financial standing with a low debt-to-asset ratio (&lt;40%).</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Study outcomes will be used to assist dairy farmers in Tennessee and surrounding states who are considering entering or expanding VAD through marketing, production, or economic suggestions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 5","pages":"Pages 688-696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524001010/pdf?md5=d3a44956e41035a79f05c91f57da780c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524001010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}