Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Bacillus spp. supplementation stimulates the growth of preweaning bull calves offered milk replacer and pelleted starter supplement","authors":"Giuseppe Copani ,&nbsp;Kimberley Morrill ,&nbsp;Oscar C.M. Queiroz ,&nbsp;Bruno I. Cappellozza","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02626","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In 2 experiments, the objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a <em>Bacillus</em>-based direct-fed microbial (<strong>DFM</strong>) on growth rates of preweaning dairy bull calves.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>In experiment (Exp.) 1, 62 Holstein-Friesian bull calves were ranked by initial BW and assigned to (1) no DFM supplementation (n = 31; CON) or (2) supplementation of a <em>Bacillus</em>-based DFM in the milk replacer and pelleted feed (n = 31; DFM). Throughout the study, calves were housed individually, milk replacer was offered twice daily with equal amounts being offered twice daily following a programmed feeding. Starting on wk 3 of the study, pelleted feed was offered in controlled amounts to all calves, whereas corn silage and lucerne hay were offered <em>ad libitum</em>. In Exp. 2, 52 Holstein-Friesian bull calves were assigned to the same treatments as reported in Exp. 1 and maintained in group pens, with individual milk and solid feed intake recordings. All data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4), using calf as the experimental unit.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>In Exp. 1, DFM-fed bull calves were heavier versus CON on d 42 and 63 of the study. A similar treatment × day interaction tended to be observed for ADG, so that ADG was greater in DFM from d 21 to 42 and tended to be greater from d 0 to 63. Similarly, in Exp. 2, calves fed DFM were heavier on d 56 (treatment × day interaction). For ADG, DFM-fed bull calves had a greater ADG from d 28 to 56 and 0 to 56. Daily pellet intake and G:F for calves fed milk replacer were greater for DFM-fed calves.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>In summary, feeding a <em>Bacillus</em>-based DFM improved growth rates of low-risk, preweaning Holstein-Friesian bull calves, while also positively affecting milk and solid feed intake. These results indicate that bacterial-based DFM are a feasible strategy to promote the growth rate of calves offered milk replacer preparations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Effects of select tannin-free grain sorghum varieties on the performance, carcass traits, intestinal morphology, and gene expression of jejunal mucosa of broiler chickens” (Appl. Anim. Sci. 38: 592–606)","authors":"Alissa H. Moritz,&nbsp;William C. Bridges,&nbsp;Stevin Wilson,&nbsp;Michael E. Blair,&nbsp;Robert E. Buresh,&nbsp;James R. Strickland,&nbsp;Mireille Arguelles-Ramos","doi":"10.15232/aas.2025-41-2-0146","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2025-41-2-0146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Page 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting methane emissions from feedlot cattle and application of prediction equations to a synthetic feedlot steer population","authors":"M.L. Galyean ,&nbsp;K.E. Hales ,&nbsp;B.P. Holland","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02664","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objectives were to develop equations to predict CH₄ emissions specific to feedlot cattle and to apply the equations we derived to a synthetic population of feedlot steers created from a commercial database of close-out data.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We built a database from the published literature of 98 treatment means from 32 studies that included measures of enteric CH₄ emissions and diet composition in cattle fed feedlot-type diets. Enteric CH₄ emissions averaged 93.2 g/d, with a mean DMI of 6.6 kg/d, and TDN, NDF, and starch concentrations averaging 82.9%, 20.5%, and 48.5%, respectively. Stepwise regression was used to screen potential dietary variables related to daily CH₄ emissions, followed by mixed-model regression to adjust prediction equations for the random effects of study. Close-out data from 3,483 lots of native steers obtained from commercial feedlots in the High Plains region were used to develop a synthetic multivariate normal population of feedlot steers for application of resulting prediction equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Two regression equations were derived from the database to predict CH₄ emissions (g/d): one that included only DMI, and one with DMI and TDN. A third equation that included only TDN was derived to predict CH₄ emissions as grams/kilogram of DMI. In addition to regression equations, the use of the database average (adjusted for random effects of study) of 14.11 g of CH₄/kg of DMI also was evaluated. Based on resampling analyses of observed versus predicted values, the equation with both DMI and TDN yielded a lower prediction error (24.7 g/d) and greater r² (0.622) than the DMI-only equation (30.8 g/d and 0.461, respectively). Using the database average of 14.11 g of CH₄/kg of DMI gave similar results to the DMI-only regression equation. When applied to the synthetic feedlot steer population, mean, minimum, and maximum daily CH₄ emissions were 111.2, 64.7, and 183.3 g/d, respectively, for the DMI plus TDN regression equation.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>The regression equations we developed, which use commonly available animal and diet information, can be applied to commercial feedlot data to monitor enteric CH₄ emissions. As additional CH₄ emission data from cattle fed typical feedlot diets become available, our equations can be updated to provide more accurate and precise predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of inclusion of urea and wet distillers grains with solubles in diets based on dry-rolled corn on heifer performance and carcass characteristics","authors":"Brad M. Boyd ,&nbsp;Bryan W. Neville ,&nbsp;Kristin E. Hales ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Foote ,&nbsp;Steven D. Shackelford ,&nbsp;Galen E. Erickson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02612","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of urea and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) inclusion on heifer growth performance and carcass characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Crossbred heifers (n = 96) were used to study the effects of 2 inclusion levels of both WDGS and urea in a finishing diet based on dry-rolled corn on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were individually fed using a Calan gate system with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were inclusion of WDGS at either 10% or 20% of diet DM and dietary urea at a concentration of either 0.2% or 1.2% DM basis. Cattle were stratified by BW and assigned randomly to treatment. Blood samples were collected at 3 time points during the feeding period and analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen content. The statistical model included urea and WDGS inclusions and their interactions as fixed effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>There were no interactions between WDGS and urea inclusion for any performance or carcass characteristics, so only main effects are discussed. There were no differences for final BW, ADG, and G:F on a live or carcass-adjusted basis for either urea or WDGS inclusion in the diet. Dry matter intake was less with increased urea inclusion; however, WDGS inclusion did not influence DMI. No differences were observed for any carcass characteristics because of urea or WDGS inclusion. Plasma urea nitrogen was greater for cattle as either urea or WDGS inclusion increased.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>These data would suggest that when feeding diets based on dry-rolled corn, adding urea beyond that of the 0.2% treatment is not necessary when at least 10% WDGS is included in the diet</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating and improving the pasture factor based on herbage allowance and nutritive value to estimate the daily herbage intake of stockers grazing bermudagrass","authors":"P. Woli ,&nbsp;C.R. Long ,&nbsp;L.O. Tedeschi ,&nbsp;F.M. Rouquette Jr","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02633","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The critical herbage allowance (^cHA), de- fined as the herbage allowance (HA) level below which DMI becomes limiting, is a key variable defining the pas- ture factor used in a daily gain model (DGM) to estimate the daily DMI of stockers grazing bermudagrass (<em>Cynodon dactylon</em> [L.] Pers.) as constrained by HA and nutritive value. Our objective was to evaluate the DGM containing the ^cHA function using a new, comprehensive database.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We evaluated the DGM with its ^cHA function, using the observed and model-predicted ADG values involving 1,032 stocker calves in 33 grazing trials conducted at Overton, Texas. Based on evaluation results, we then modified the ^cHA function by incorporat- ing an enhancement factor (κ). By running the DGM with a potential κ value and evaluating it using the ADG data several times iteratively, we derived the best κ value.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Evaluation results showed that the DGM containing the original ^cHA function con- sistently underpredicted ADG, as the function was too restrictive to DMI. This issue indicated that the ^cHA func- tion needed to be less restrictive. After multiple iterations of DGM running and testing, we derived 0.75 for κ. With the modification of the ^cHA function through the incor- poration of κ (= 0.75), the DGM performance improved significantly. The modeling efficiency increased by about 31%, the modeling error decreased by about 16%, and the estimated DMI increased from 1.9% BW to 2.1% BW for stockers grazing bermudagrass.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>By incorporating κ into the ^cHA function in the DGM, this study addressed the issue of consistent underprediction of ADG. By in- cluding the improved ^cHA function in an herbage intake prediction system, the DGM users can more accurately explore the effects of various management and environ- mental factors on daily DMI and ADG of stockers grazing bermudagrass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of alternative backgrounding and feedlot system strategies on performance of May-born, Red Angus cross yearling steers in the Nebraska Sandhills","authors":"Dempster M. Christenson,&nbsp;Jacki A. Musgrave,&nbsp;Rick N. Funston","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02613","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to examine the physical performance and economic outcomes of differing backgrounding and feedlot systems on May-born yearling steers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Steers weaned in January (n = 392) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 backgrounding treatments for 4 mo: given ad libitum meadow hay and 1.81 kg/d of a 33% CP supplement (HI) or allowed to graze dormant subirrigated meadow with 0.45 kg/d supplement (LO). In May, one-half of the steers from each backgrounding treatment were blocked by BW and transported to a feedlot system (S-YRL) before slaughter at 18.5 mo of age. The remaining steers grazed upland range (L-YRL), were transported to a feedlot mid-September, and were slaughtered at 21.5 mo of age. The net return of treatment for each study year was applied to 12 consecutive years of economic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>There were no interactions between treatments. Backgrounding period ADG was 0.24 ± 0.03 kg/d greater among HI calves than among LO calves, which led to 31 ± 3.6 kg greater BW after backgrounding and 20 ± 7.7 kg greater BW at slaughter. However, LO calves had $209.46 ± $12.82 per head greater net return. Greater nutritional value in S-YRL steers at an earlier age led to 0.38 ± 0.03 kg/d greater ADG after the backgrounding period and 0.01 ± 0.003 greater G:F. However, L-YRL steers entered the feedlot 4 mo later with 99 ± 7.5 kg greater BW, a tendency for 0.08 ± 0.04 kg/d greater ADG in the feedlot, 39 ± 9.7 kg greater BW at slaughter, and $148.86 ± $38.72 per head greater net return. Marbling score, LM area, and YG were greater or tended to be greater for L-YRL steers, which led to greater empty body fat.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>Backgrounding with greater inputs decreased net return, whereas extended grazing followed by a relatively shorter feedlot period decreased feed costs and increased net return.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"April\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00024-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Submissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00029-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages iv-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of acidosis and bacterial inoculum concentrations on the development of liver abscesses in beef × dairy steers","authors":"Kallie D. Childress ,&nbsp;Kristin E. Hales ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez ,&nbsp;Aubrey C. Thompson-Smith ,&nbsp;Ashlee N. Hanratty ,&nbsp;Colten W. Dornbach ,&nbsp;Mina Abbasi ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Shi ,&nbsp;Maddie S. Grant ,&nbsp;Michael L. Galyean ,&nbsp;Paul R. Broadway","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02641","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the association of diet type, ruminal acidosis bout frequency, and intraruminal bacterial inoculum concentration on liver abscess (LA) development in steers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Beef × dairy steers (n = 40, initial BW = 107 ± 11 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments that included intraruminal inoculation of either a high dose (HD; 100 mL of 1 × 10⁸ and 100 mL of 1 × 10⁹ cfu per steer) or a low dose (LD; 100 mL of 1 × 10⁶ and 100 mL of 1 × 10⁷ cfu per steer) of <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> ssp. <em>necrophorum</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Lubbock, respectively. Treatments included the following: NCON = high-forage diet with no bacterial inoculation; CON+HD = high-forage diet with a single HD inoculation; 2AD+HD = 2 acidotic diet cycles with a single HD inoculation; 4AD+3LD = 4 acidotic diet cycles with a series of 3 LD inoculations; and 4AD+HD = 4 acidotic diet cycles with a single HD inoculation. Steers were slaughtered 21 d after the last bacterial inoculation. Animal was the experimental unit. Continuous data were analyzed using mixed models, and categorical data were analyzed as binomial proportions with treatment, time, and their interactions as the fixed effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Incidence of LA were 0%, 37.5%, 37.5%, 50%, and 12.5% for NCON, CON+HD, 2AD+HD, 4AD+3LD, and 4AD+HD, respectively, but the difference among treatments was not significant. Although no difference was observed in rumenitis among treatments, steers with LA presented rumenitis scores that were 8 percentage points greater than steers without LA. Steers consuming the high-forage diet also were presented with rumenitis. Hematocrit values were greater in NCON, 2AD+HD, and 4AD+HD than CON+HD or 4AD+3 LD. Similarly, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio differed among treatments, with a greater ratio for CON+HD and 2AD+HD than for NCON, 4AD+3LD, and 4AD+HD.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>A key finding of this study was that steers fed a high-forage diet given a high dose of <em>F. necrophorum</em> and <em>S. enterica</em>, even in the absence of the acidotic diet, developed LA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Sustainable phosphorus use in the United States beef cow-calf industry—Requirements, forage, soil, and water content, supplementation, and nutritional recommendations for producers","authors":"J.M. Warner ,&nbsp;G.E. Fike ,&nbsp;A.G. Schwartz ,&nbsp;J.W. Waggoner ,&nbsp;S.K. Johnson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02643","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The objective is to explain the current understanding of the biological importance of P to beef cattle congruent with current established requirements as well as describe the current management toward P supplementation, nutritional recommendations, quantify forage, soil, and water mineral concentrations, and identify existing knowledge gaps specific for improving sustainable use of the mineral in United States cow-calf production.</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>Peer-reviewed literature, abstracts, experiment station progress reports, technical bulletins, and reports were the primary sources of information reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Synthesis</h3><div>Phosphorus is essential for beef cattle productivity and health as well as a potential water contaminant. Although efforts have been made in recent years to improve our understanding of requirements for growing and finishing beef cattle, relatively little work has been done focused on the cow-calf segment of the industry. Because grazing beef cattle frequently use surface water sources, producers play a critical role in minimizing P introduction to waters. Soil and forage P levels and responses to supplementation vary widely and studies including both animal and agronomic components of P utilization are very limited. Concurrently, data directly evaluating the effect of specific best management practices for improving sustainable P use within cow-calf production systems on surface water quality are few and would be beneficial for industry guidance and producer adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Applications</h3><div>Long-term cow-calf studies reporting intake and production outcomes that also include soil and forage P levels are needed for developing industry benchmarks and accurate supplementation recommendations. Best management practices implemented holistically are key for minimizing the industry’s use of supplemental P while optimizing animal health and production, particularly in areas where public water quality is of concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}