Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of performance of beef stocker cattle when fed distillers grains daily in feed bunks or distillers grains in self-feeding tubs","authors":"A.J. Burken ,&nbsp;D.B. Burken ,&nbsp;R.G. Bondurant ,&nbsp;A.K. Watson ,&nbsp;K. Brooks ,&nbsp;G.E. Erickson ,&nbsp;K.H. Wilke ,&nbsp;J.C. MacDonald","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective was to evaluate supplement intake, cattle performance, and cost of gain when dried distillers grains (DDGS) was provided daily in a bunk or through a DDGS-based self-feeding tub.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Over 2 yr, 250 crossbred steers (240 kg; SD = 12) grazed corn residue for an aver- age of 67.5 d to compare the use of commercially available self-feeding tubs (SFT) containing DDGS to daily-provid- ed dried distillers grains in a meal form (DDGS-M). In both years, an irrigated corn residue field was divided into 8 paddocks, with 4 replications receiving DDGS-M and 4 having continuous access to SFT (n = 8 replications/ treatment over 2 yr). The DDGS-M was provided daily in a bunk at 1.34 kg of DM/head per day, whereas steers provided SFT were given continuous access. Supplement intake, efficiency, calf ADG, ending weight, supplement cost, and net return were analyzed and considered signifi- cant at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Ending BW and ADG were greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for DDGS-M (276 kg; 0.62 kg/d) than for SFT (263 kg; 0.38 kg/d). Supplement intake (DM ba- sis) was also greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for DDGS-M (1.34 kg/d) than for SFT (0.92 kg/d). Supplement efficiency (ADG/ supplement intake, DM basis × 100) was not different (<em>P</em> = 0.49) for DDGS-M (46.3%) and SFT (42.9%). The DDGS-M was priced at 120% of corn when corn was $4.00, $5.50, or $7.00/25.4 kg. The SFT was held constant at $80 for a 113-kg tub. The cost to supply supplement at experimental intake rates was greater (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.02; $55.89) for SFT than for DDGS-M in all scenarios ($22.69, $30.15, $37.61, respectively). Net return was greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) for DDGS-M at all scenarios ($79.39, $71.93, $64.47, re- spectively) compared with SFT ($8.90).</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Supplementing DDGS daily in a granular meal form resulted in greater DMI of supplement, final BW, ADG, and net return in steers grazing cornstalk residue than allowing access to a self-feeding DDGS-based tub. However, the size of the op- eration, available labor, commodity storage facilities, and handling equipment may factor into the decision to feed DDGS in either bulk commodity form or in a convenience- packaged product such as a self-feeding tub.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 363-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a single supplemental dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in 2 different fixed-time artificial insemination synchronization protocols among beef cows and heifers","authors":"Jerica J.J. Rich ,&nbsp;Emmalee J. Northrop-Albrecht ,&nbsp;Kaitlin M. Epperson ,&nbsp;Saulo Menegatti Zoca ,&nbsp;Stephanie D. Perkins-Oines ,&nbsp;Julie A. Walker ,&nbsp;Rick N. Funston ,&nbsp;PAS,&nbsp;Vitor R.G. Mercadante ,&nbsp;George A. Perry ,&nbsp;PAS","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Studies evaluating single and multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatments at time of prostaglandin (PG) administration using the 7-d CO- Synch + controlled internal drug-release device (CIDR) protocol reported decreased interval to estrus and increased estrus expression, or increased conception rates, respectively. Therefore, the objectives of these studies were to determine effects of supplementing GnRH at PG on estrus expression and conception rates in beef females synchronized with different protocols.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>In Exp 1 and 2, heifers (n= 1,626) and cows (n = 1,409), respectively, were synchronized using the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocol. In Exp 3, heifers (n = 3,270) were synchronized using the melengestrol acetate-PG FTAI heifer protocol; all animals were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of GnRH (5 μg) at PG or no GnRH (control). Estrus and pregnancy rates were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>In all experiments, there was no effect of treatment on estrus (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.21), but there was an effect of estrus (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) on FTAI pregnancy rates. Estrual females had greater FTAI pregnancy rates compared with nonestrual females. In Exp 1 there was a treatment × estrus interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.01) on FTAI pregnancy rates. Heifers in the control group that exhibited estrus had greater (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.04) FTAI pregnancy rates (72.8 ± 3.2%) compared with estrual heifers that received 5 μg of GnRH (67.2 ± 3.4%) and compared with heifers that did not exhibit estrus in the control (54.4 ± 4.7%) or 5 μg of GnRH (60.8 ± 4.6%) groups. There was no effect (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.17) of treatment on breeding-season pregnancy rates in any of the experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Utilization of a supplementary dose of 5 μg of GnRH may be a useful tool to address differences in fertility of FTAI in short-term progestin synchronization protocols among animals that do not exhibit estrus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 443-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of growth-implant regimen on performance, carcass outcomes, activity, and rumination of finishing steers fed to different days on feed","authors":"S.L. Martinez ,&nbsp;A.B. Word ,&nbsp;B.P. Holland ,&nbsp;K.J. Karr ,&nbsp;J.P. Hutcheson ,&nbsp;L.J. Walter ,&nbsp;J.T. Richeson ,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;K.L. Samuelson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This experiment evaluated effects of a single extended-release implant compared with 2 re-implant pro- grams administered at either 120 d on feed (DOF) or 80 d before slaughter on growth performance, carcass char- acteristics, activity, and rumination time of feedlot steers slaughtered at 166, 180, 194, or 208 DOF.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Using a randomized com- plete block design, steers (n = 6,840; initial BW = 370 ± 7.74 kg) were randomly assigned to 108 pens across 12 treatments in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement. Treatments were a single extended-release growth implant adminis- tered on d 0 (IMP), an extended-release growth implant administered on d 0 followed by a second implant at 120 DOF (REIMP+120), or an extended-release growth im- plant administered on d 0 followed by a second implant administered 80 d before slaughter (REIMP-80); steers were slaughtered at 166, 180, 194, or 208 DOF. Three-axis accelerometer ear tags were applied to a random subset of steers (n = 1,080) to quantify rumination and activity minutes.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Dry matter intake was re- duced, which improved G:F for steers administered RE- IMP+120 and REIMP-80 compared with IMP. Re-im- planted steers tended to have heavier hot carcass weight (HCW) and had greater DP and LM area but less 12th- rib s.c. fat and marbling and lower YG. Choice carcasses were less frequent and Select carcasses were more frequent for re-implanted cattle than for IMP cattle. Final BW increased, concomitant with diminishing ADG and G:F as DOF increased. As DOF increased, there was an increase in HCW, the percentage of carcasses &gt;477 kg, 12th-rib s.c. fat, marbling, YG, and DP. There were greater Choice and fewer Select carcasses with increased DOF. The propor- tion of steers exhibiting buller-steer syndrome was great- est for REIMP-80, intermediate for REIMP+120, and least for IMP. An implant × day interaction for activity minutes indicated that re-implanted steers had increased activity following re-implant.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Administration of a second growth implant that overlapped the 200-d ef- ficacy window of an extended-release implant improved G:F, HCW, and DP but decreased carcass fatness and reduced QG regardless of the timing of secondary implant administration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 456-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259028652300071X/pdf?md5=2efbae716d15e406c6e1aacafbbed85f&pid=1-s2.0-S259028652300071X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimplant strategies improve rate of weight gain in growing beef steers and heifers fed in confinement for slaughter for at least 200 days","authors":"Jase J. Ball ,&nbsp;PAS,&nbsp;Patrick C. Taube ,&nbsp;John W. Hallberg ,&nbsp;Lilian Franz ,&nbsp;Jezaniah Kira Tena ,&nbsp;Angela N. Nadrasik ,&nbsp;Nicole L. Eberhart ,&nbsp;Shelby L. Jones ,&nbsp;Karmella D. Borchers ,&nbsp;Jordan A. Scramlin ,&nbsp;David T. Bechtol ,&nbsp;Audie R. Waite ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Edmonds ,&nbsp;Ryan T. Herrick ,&nbsp;PAS,&nbsp;Kelly F. Lechtenberg ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;PAS","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate growth performance of feedlot steers and heifers administered a sham terminal implant or Synovex Choice, Synovex Plus, or Synovex ONE Feedlot terminal implant 60 or 120 d after initial implantation with Synovex Choice.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Two studies (steer and heifer) were conducted across 4 locations using 2,400 crossbred steers (n = 1,200; BW = 300.5 ± 31.1 kg) and heifers (n = 1,200; BW = 296.5 ± 27.5 kg). Within sex, cattle were blocked by BW and pen and randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) Choice-Sham, initial implant of Synovex Choice (Zoetis Inc., Parsippany, NJ; 100 mg of trenbolone acetate [TBA] and 14 mg of estradiol benzoate [EB]) fol- lowed by terminal reimplantation of an empty needle; (2) Choice-Choice, initial implant of Synovex Choice followed by terminal reimplantation with Synovex Choice; (3) Choice-Plus, initial implant of Synovex Choice followed by terminal reimplantation with Synovex Plus (Zoetis Inc.; 200 mg of TBA and 28 mg of EB); and (4) Choice-One, initial implant of Synovex Choice followed by terminal reimplantation with Synovex ONE Feedlot (Zoetis Inc.; 200 mg of TBA and 28 mg of EB). Within sex, each site was assigned randomly to reimplant on either d 60 or 120. Data were pooled across reimplant interval by sex. Within sex, animal was the experimental unit and treatments were commingled within pen (n = 3 or 4 pens per site per sex). Body weights were recorded on d 0 and 200.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Overall ADG from d 0 to 200 was greater for steers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and heifers (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.02) in the Choice-Choice, Choice-Plus, and Choice-One treatments compared with Choice-Sham, with no differences (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.15) between reimplant treatments. Minimal differences were noted in implant site retention and reaction rates between treatments within sex. There were no differences (steers, <em>P</em> = 0.67; heifers, <em>P</em> = 0.51) between treatments for the percentage of deads and removals nor the incidence of bullers (<em>P</em> = 0.80).</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Synovex Choice as an initial implant followed by terminal implantation with Synovex Choice, Synovex Plus, or Synovex ONE Feedlot 60 to 120 d later improves ADG in feedlot steers and heifers for at least 200 d.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 6","pages":"Pages 472-483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286523000721/pdf?md5=4caf927c0d1684bfdccf1dfa006dc195&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286523000721-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138466330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feeding a fibrolytic enzyme to Holstein dairy cows on milk production and reproduction","authors":"O.A. Martinez ,&nbsp;P. Lucey ,&nbsp;G. Acetoze ,&nbsp;H.A. Rossow","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to determine whether a TMR supplemented with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme product (EFE) improved milk production and reproduc- tion in a commercial dairy.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Holstein cows were random- ly assigned to 1 of 4 study groups: (1) primiparous control (PC; 2 pens; 486 cows) or (2) primiparous EFE (PT; 2 pens; 483 cows) fed a TMR with EFE, and (3) multipa- rous control (MC; 3 pens; 1,023 cows) or (4) multiparous EFE (MT; 3 pens; 998 cows) fed a TMR with EFE. The EFE had a declared minimum of 44,750 units/g xylanase and was fed at a rate of 2 g/cow per day during the pre- calving period and 4 g/cow per day during the lactation period. Only cows that were fed the control or EFE sup- plement in the TMR for at least 2 wk in the close-up pen were enrolled in the study. After calving, cows continued in their respective treatments in control or EFE groups in high milking pens for 180 d.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>There was no difference in mean days of exposure to EFE among PC, PT, MC, and MT pens. The PC had greater milk fat yield, percentage fat, FCM, and ECM compared with PT. The MT had lower milk fat yield and FCM than MC. Median days to confirmed pregnancy was 10 d less in PT compared with PC.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Feeding a TMR sup- plemented with this EFE may have increased the energy available to primiparous cows, which reduced their days to confirmed pregnancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49716029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"October\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(23)00057-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-2865(23)00057-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49734666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of a LoRa-WAN near-real-time precision ranching system on extensive desert rangelands: What we have learned*","authors":"Matthew M. McIntosh ,&nbsp;Andres F. Cibils ,&nbsp;Shelemia Nyamuryekung’e ,&nbsp;Richard E. Estell ,&nbsp;Andrew Cox ,&nbsp;Danielle Duni ,&nbsp;Qixu Gong ,&nbsp;Tony Waterhouse ,&nbsp;John Holland ,&nbsp;Huiping Cao ,&nbsp;Laura Boucheron ,&nbsp;Huiying Chen ,&nbsp;Sheri Spiegal ,&nbsp;Glenn Duff ,&nbsp;Santiago A. Utsumi","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Precision livestock farming technologies show great promise for the management of extensive, arid rangelands, but more practical knowledge is needed to allow ranchers to determine potential applications and limitations for adoption. We tested a long-range wide area network (LoRa-WAN) precision livestock system over 3 mo (April–June 2020) in a ranch in southwest New Mex- ico, USA. The system monitors cattle position and move- ments, precipitation, and water trough water levels at pas- ture and ranch scales, in real time.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Here we describe the com- ponents of the system and share what we have learned from our preliminary experiences. This system included a solar-power LoRa-WAN receiving station with the cor- responding gateway, radio frequency antenna (824–894 MHz), and Wi-Fi bridge for data transmission into the Internet. The testbed network for testing LoRa-WAN sen- sors included 43 GPS-trackers deployed on lactating beef cows and 2 environmental sensors used to monitor precipi- tation regimens and trough water levels, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>The system collected data consistently for the trough levels and precipitation, where- as data from the cow GPS-trackers was highly heteroge- neous. On average, 46 ± 4% of daily data packets logged by GPS-trackers were successfully transmitted through the LoRa-WAN system, exceeding 80% of successful trans- mission in several cases. This report documents the neces- sary infrastructure, performance, and maintenance of sys- tem components, which could be of significant information value to ranchers and researchers with a desire to deploy similar monitoring systems.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>This Technical Note documents the implemetation of a LoRa-WAN monitoring system at the ranch scale for a 3-mo period. The system has allowed the ranch manager and assisting staff to ef- ficiently manage cattle inventories and promptly address animal welfare concerns. However, further research is re- quired to assess the scalability of this system across com- mercial operating cattle ranches in the Southwest United States, thereby unlocking its potential for broader adop- tion and effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49715600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of intranasal and parenteral vaccines for prevention of bovine respiratory disease in feedlot heifers","authors":"J.I. Szasz ,&nbsp;T.C. Bryant ,&nbsp;K.S. Blood ,&nbsp;I. Hardee ,&nbsp;J. Jennings ,&nbsp;H.D. Hughes","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to examine the effects on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) when administering a trivalent intranasal modified live virus (MLV) vaccine in conjunction with 1 of 2 different parenteral MLV respiratory vaccines containing <em>Mannheimia haemolytica</em> (MH) toxoid relative to 2 vaccination protocols containing only parenteral MLV respiratory vaccine and MH toxoid.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Heifers (BW = 304 ± 5.7 kg; n = 5,240) procured from auction barns were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments at arrival processing: (1) concomitant administration of multivalent parenteral MLV vaccine and a parenteral clostridial bacterin containing MH toxoid (BOV); (2) concomitant administration of multivalent intranasal MLV, parenteral MH toxoid containing MLV bovine diarrhea virus, and parenteral clostridial bacterin (IF3); (3) concomitant administration of multivalent parenteral MLV containing a MH toxoid and parenteral clostridial bacterin (PYR); and (4) concomitant administration of multivalent parenteral MLV containing a MH toxoid, multivalent intranasal MLV, and parenteral clostridial bacterin (COMB).</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Morbidity and BRD mortalitiy were similar across treatments. Total death loss was less in heifers that received COMB versus PYR, and BRD death loss tended to be less in COMB heifers. Growth performance and carcass traits were unaffected by treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Intranasal vaccination in lieu of, or administered alongside, a trivalent MLV parenteral respiratory vaccine had no effect on morbidity or feedlot performance, thereby doing no harm. Intranasal vaccination alongside parenteral respiratory vaccine tended to result in lesser BRD mortality. These findings may be useful in designing arrival vaccination protocols for high-risk cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49715731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Vitamin A supply in swine production: Current science and practical considerations","authors":"Yauheni Shastak,&nbsp;Wolf Pelletier","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This paper aims to present a comprehensive overview of vitamin A metabolism in pigs and the effects of retinol supplementation on pig production, including immune function, reproductive performance, hematopoiesis, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, this review highlights crucial factors that need to be considered to ensure adequate vitamin A supply to pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><p>The primary source of information reviewed was independent, published scientific peer-reviewed literature.</p></div><div><h3>Synthesis</h3><p>Vitamin A, also known as retinol, plays a crucial role in growth, cellular metabolism, bone development, and reproduction. The amount of retinol supplementation in commercial animal production has been a topic of contention in recent discussions. Although the physiological function of vitamin A is a key factor, the cost and stability of pure commercial products, along with their stability in premix and feed formulations, are also important considerations. Failure to provide adequate levels of vitamin A to swine can lead to decreased performance, increased susceptibility to diseases, and reproductive disorders. Determining the optimal amount of vitamin A for swine is not a simple task, as it depends on various factors such as age, health, nutritional status, and physiological state. Scientific committees such as the Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (GfE) and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) provide requirement estimates (NASEM) or allowances (GfE) based on the needs of healthy animals under optimal environmental conditions, serving as a foundation for practical considerations. However, when extrapolated to real-world conditions, requirement estimates and allowances derived on controlled research settings may have inherent limitations. Therefore, it becomes imperative to comprehend the effects of supplemental vitamin A on swine metabolism and health to formulate well-balanced diets and attain optimal performance in practical circumstances.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Applications</h3><p>Retinol is crucial in pig nutrition, and synthetic retinyl acetate supplementation is necessary to meet dietary requirements, as plant feedstuffs are deficient in vitamin A. Dietary supplementation and injection of retinol have demonstrated positive effects on swine reproduction, performance, immunity, and health. To ensure a well-balanced pig diet, it is crucial to have insights into the appropriate stages for increased retinol supplementation and its interactions with other fat-soluble bioactive substances. Updates to scientific committees’ recommendations on vitamin A are recommended, to reflect the current state of knowledge on the role of vitamin A, genetics, and current pig farming practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 289-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Submissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(23)00060-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2590-2865(23)00060-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages iii-v"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49734669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}