Asian Journal of Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Retraction Note: Studies on soil stabilized hollow blocks using c & d waste","authors":"Umer Nazir Ganie, Parwati Thagunna, Preetpal singh","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01748-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01748-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 9","pages":"4699 - 4699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the UCS of lime-treated clay soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers using ensemble and deep tabular learning models with SHAP Interpretability","authors":"Anfal Rihab Cheriet,&nbsp;Ali Benzaamia,&nbsp;Bilal Sari Ahmed,&nbsp;Mohamed Ghrici,&nbsp;Khoudja AliBenyahiya","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01750-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01750-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a fundamental design parameter for chemically stabilized and fiber-reinforced soils, yet its experimental determination is both time-intensive and resource-demanding, particularly given the 28-day minimum curing period required for meaningful pozzolanic strength development. This study presents a machine learning (ML) framework for predicting the UCS of lime-treated, expansive clay soils reinforced with polypropylene fibers (PPF). A multi-source database of 310 experimental records compiled from 13 independent published studies was supplemented with original laboratory data collected on a high-plasticity clay (MH) from Medea, Algeria, incorporating five input features: lime content, PPF content, fiber length, curing time, and the initial UCS of the untreated soil. Five ML algorithms were systematically developed and benchmarked — XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, TabNet, and TabPFN — encompassing both gradient boosting ensemble and deep tabular learning paradigms. Hyperparameter optimization was performed via Bayesian search using Optuna with 100 trials per model. Results demonstrate that gradient boosting models consistently outperformed deep tabular approaches, with CatBoost and LightGBM achieving the highest predictive accuracy on the test set (R² = 0.96, RMSE = 125.48 kPa and 126.06 kPa, respectively), while TabNet yielded the lowest performance (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 187.95 kPa). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) applied to the best-performing model revealed that lime content dominated UCS predictions (mean |SHAP| = 248.51 kPa), followed by initial soil strength (208.84 kPa) and curing time (137.14 kPa), while PPF content and fiber length provided secondary yet physically meaningful contributions (59.98 and 33.72 kPa, respectively). The proposed framework constitutes an interpretable, data-driven surrogate that substantially reduces reliance on extended laboratory testing and supports efficient mix-design optimization in geotechnical ground improvement practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4949 - 4972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to resource: a critical review of waste glass powder as a green supplementary cementitious material for enhanced concrete performance and ASR control","authors":"Hariharan Surendran,&nbsp;R Vignesh,&nbsp;Pingping He","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01749-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01749-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The utilization of waste glass powder (WGP) as a supplementary cementitious material has attracted significant attention in sustainable construction owing to its high silica content, pozzolanic activity, and micro-filler effect. This review critically evaluates the influence of WGP on the performance of cementitious materials with particular emphasis on interfacial transition zone (ITZ) modification, mechanical properties, durability, and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) mitigation. The effects of key parameters including particle size, replacement level, curing conditions, and glass type are systematically examined. Literature findings indicate that finely ground WGP (&lt; 75 μm) typically incorporated at replacement levels of 10–20%, can enhance compressive strength by approximately 10–25% through secondary C–S–H formation, improved particle packing, and ITZ densification. Furthermore, WGP reduces chloride permeability by 30–60% and decreases water absorption owing to pore refinement and reduced connectivity of capillary pores. The improved microstructure contributes to enhanced resistance against aggressive environmental exposures. Fine WGP also mitigates ASR expansion by promoting pozzolanic consumption of alkalis and calcium hydroxide, thereby reducing the formation of expansive ASR gel. Current evidence indicates that WGP has the potential to improve the sustainability of cementitious materials through partial cement replacement and waste glass utilization, although the magnitude of these environmental benefits depends on material processing, replacement level, and project-specific conditions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4729 - 4743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilisation of marine clay subgrade with foundry sand and alkali-activated geopolymer: experimental and data-driven assessment","authors":"Sangepu Sai Ram,&nbsp;Pala Niteesh Sai,&nbsp;D. Koteswara Rao,&nbsp;Sugamani Gunta","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01745-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01745-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine clay deposits along the Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC), India, present severe challenges for flexible pavement subgrades due to high plasticity, low strength, and high swell potential. This study investigates the stabilisation of marine clay using Foundry Sand (FS) and Alkali-Activated Geopolymer (AAG) through an integrated experimental and data-driven framework. The untreated soil exhibited poor engineering properties (CBR = 1.34%, PI = 40.77%, DFS up to 95%). Laboratory results identified 10% FS as the optimum mechanical stabiliser, improving compaction and reducing plasticity, but remaining below IRC:37-2018 requirements. The addition of AAG significantly enhanced performance through geopolymerisation. The optimum combination (10% FS + 1.5% AAG) increased CBR to 8.07% (502% improvement), reduced plasticity index by 76.5%, and decreased swell potential by up to 58%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed mineralogical transformation associated with strength gain. Regression and machine learning models achieved high predictive accuracy (R² up to 0.989), while Bayesian analysis indicated a 94.3% probability of meeting subgrade requirements. Pavement design showed a 28.3% reduction in crust thickness and 33% cost savings. The proposed FS–AAG stabilisation offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for coastal infrastructure development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4915 - 4931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of coir fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC): a comparative study using finite element modelling","authors":"Lalit Dhooriya,&nbsp;Plaban Deb,&nbsp;Sandip Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01744-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01744-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rising demand for sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials, coir fiber has been found to have special properties because of its renewability, ductility, and resistance to degradation by environmental factors. Although, many experimental works have proven the beneficial effects of coir fiber-reinforced concrete, but the effects of fiber orientation, damage development, and post-peak behaviour are yet to be analysed. To address these issues, the current research aims to provide a comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analysis of coir fiber-reinforced concrete using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model. The fiber contents are kept as 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% by mass of cement with fiber orientations of random, vertical, horizontal, and inclined under both compression and split tensile loading. Numerical analysis of concrete cylinders (150 mm × 300 mm) was performed using ABAQUS to analyze the stress-strain response, crack initiation, damage development, residual strength, and ductility. The outcome shows that the addition of coir fibers has a substantial positive effect on the control of cracks, stability, and energy absorption capacity without compromising the peak load. Vertically oriented fibers are more efficient in crack bridging showing a peak split tensile stress of approximately 4.4–4.5 MPa at 3% fiber content while tensile strain capacity increased by 10–25% and damage rate decreased by about 40% compared with plain concrete. The optimal dosage of fibers is found to be 2–3%, beyond which the mechanical properties showed marginal improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4881 - 4914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of deflection-hardening fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites with sustainable matrix mortar","authors":"Ahmed Daham Mohammad,&nbsp;Dillshad Khidhir Bzeni","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01743-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01743-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deflection-hardening fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (DHFRGCs) reinforced by a hybrid steel-PVA fiber system and based on a sustainable steel slag-metakaolin binder remain largely unexplored. This study was devoted to developing these composites and evaluating their mechanical behavior. In this study, a series of standard laboratory tests was conducted on composites reinforced with various mono-and hybrid fiber levels. In addition, a single-crack tension test was performed to interpret the fiber-bridging mechanisms of the composites. The results revealed that flowability was significantly affected by PVA fibers but tended to stabilize with the inclusion of steel fibers. The compressive and flexural strengths improved by 48% and 5-fold, respectively, when the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC was hybridized with steel fibers. In addition, the hybridization with 2% PVA and 0.5% steel fibers yielded a deflection capacity of 8.35 mm, about 12% higher than that of the mono-PVA reinforced DHFRGC. Increasing the steel fibers further reduced the deflection capacity to 4.7 mm, eventually reaching 2.34 mm for the mono-steel reinforced DHFRGC. The results exhibited that the fiber-bridging complementary energy is inversely consistent with the toughness of the DHFRGCs. Moreover, the PVA fibers dominated the complementary energy exhibited by fiber bridging. In contrast, the steel fibers dominated the peak fiber-bridging strength, with limited contribution to the fiber-bridging complementary energy. Overall, the results indicate that hybrid-DHFRGC mixtures achieved a favorable balance between strength and energy absorption, while preserving adequate deflection-hardening capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4867 - 4880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable approaches for soil stabilization: geotechnical and life-cycle perspectives","authors":"Kaveh Dehghanian,&nbsp;Hasan Volkan Oral","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01746-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01746-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable soil stabilization has emerged as a promising strategy for improving weak soils while reducing the environmental impacts associated with conventional cement-based treatments. This study presents a quantitative comparative assessment of four sustainable stabilizers—fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), lime kiln dust (LKD), and biochar—for the stabilization of low-plasticity clay, integrating geotechnical performance indicators, life-cycle environmental evaluation, and multi-criteria decision analysis. Data synthesized from 27 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed to evaluate unconfined compressive strength (UCS), permeability reduction, resistance to initial cyclic degradation, carbon emissions, and energy consumption. The results indicate that all four additives improve soil performance relative to untreated clay. Among the evaluated materials, LKD provided the highest mechanical performance, achieving the greatest strength enhancement and the lowest degradation under reported low-cycle loading conditions. Fly ash demonstrated balanced geotechnical and environmental performance, whereas biochar exhibited a carbon-negative life-cycle footprint due to its carbon sequestration potential. Multi-criteria evaluation using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ranked LKD as the most favorable overall alternative under equal weighting of engineering and environmental criteria. Unlike previous narrative reviews, this study integrates geotechnical performance, environmental sustainability, transport distance sensitivity, and decision-support analysis into a single comparative framework. The findings highlight the importance of balancing mechanical performance and environmental objectives when selecting sustainable stabilizers for geotechnical infrastructure projects. Limitations associated with heterogeneous literature datasets and the scarcity of long-term field validation data are also discussed to support appropriate interpretation of the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4933 - 4947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable machine learning surrogates for lateral pile response prediction in soft clay","authors":"Saif Ahmed Santo,&nbsp;Md. Majidur Rahman,&nbsp;Matiur Rahman Raju","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01739-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01739-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate prediction of lateral pile response requires computationally intensive nonlinear finite element analysis, limiting its use in routine design and large-scale parametric studies. This study presents a machine learning surrogate framework trained on 15,351 Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation simulations, generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling across an eleven-variable parametric space covering pile geometry, soil properties, loading conditions, and head fixity. Six structural response quantities were predicted simultaneously: maximum bending moment (<i>M</i>_max), lateral deflection (<i>δ</i>_max), shear force (<i>V</i>_max), pile head rotation (<i>θ</i>_head), peak soil reaction (<i>p</i>_max), and the soil capacity utilization ratio (<i>p/p</i>_ult). Extreme Gradient Boosting achieved R² of 0.989 (<i>M</i>_max), 0.819 (<i>δ</i>_max), 0.999 (<i>V</i>_max), 0.824 (<i>θ</i>_head), 0.988 (<i>p</i>_max), and 0.981 (<i>p/p</i>_ult) on a 20% hold-out set, with normalized root mean squared error not exceeding 5.86% across all targets. SHAP TreeExplainer analysis confirmed that lateral load and pile diameter are the dominant predictors, with opposing roles: lateral load governs moment demand while diameter controls deflection and rotation. Undrained shear strength ranked third across most targets. Head fixity reduces deflection by approximately 30 to 40% at high loads while increasing peak bending moment by 25 to 30%, indicating a clear trade-off between deflection control and structural moment demand. Three practical design tools were derived from the surrogate: a joint fixity and eccentricity design chart, closed-form power-law expressions for hand calculation, and a soil utilization index quantifying proximity to plastic failure. The framework provides a computationally efficient and physically interpretable basis for sensitivity analysis and preliminary design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 9","pages":"4669 - 4695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid base isolation systems in earthquake engineering: classification, experimental and analytical insights, and performance assessment","authors":"Ameer Mohammed Salih,&nbsp;Sardar Rashid Mohammad Ali,&nbsp;Tre Alan Abdullah,&nbsp;Ilham Jamal Hama,&nbsp;Sima Jamil Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01703-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01703-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hybrid Base Isolation Systems (HBISs) represent an advanced seismic protection strategy that integrates multiple isolation and energy dissipation mechanisms to overcome the limitations of single isolation systems and enhance structural resilience during earthquakes. This paper reviews their development, classification, and seismic performance, with emphasis on system configurations, analytical and experimental modeling techniques, and comparative effectiveness in reducing seismic demands. HBISs combine passive isolation components such as rubber bearings, sliding bearings, and fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators with supplemental devices including viscous dampers, semi-active systems (notably magnetorheological dampers), and active control systems using hydraulic actuators, contributing to energy dissipation, re-centering, and adaptability. They are classified into passive-passive, passive-semi-active, and passive-active systems. Passive-passive systems, widely used in buildings and bridges, typically combine rubber and sliding bearings to lengthen the structural period while maintaining re-centering and torsional stability. Passive-semi-active systems improve adaptability through magnetorheological dampers controlled by real-time algorithms, achieving enhanced displacement and acceleration control with minimal power demand. passive–active systems provide the highest seismic performance via real-time force generation, albeit with increased complexity, energy requirements, and maintenance. Experimental and numerical studies indicate that HBISs outperform conventional base isolation systems, achieving reductions of up to approximately 75% in maximum base drift while improving control of floor accelerations and base shear; however, challenges related to cost, system complexity, control reliability, and limited large-scale validation remain, necessitating further research and development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 10","pages":"4701 - 4713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148961984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable insulation materials from natural fibers: experimental insights and optimization for energy-efficient buildings","authors":"Amine Tilioua,&nbsp;Abderrahim Benallel,&nbsp;Youssef Khrissi","doi":"10.1007/s42107-026-01727-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42107-026-01727-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study focuses on the thermophysical, hygric, and mechanical properties of eco-friendly insulation materials based on epoxy composites made with date palm, alfa, and reed fibers suitable for constructing buildings in Morocco under local climatic conditions. Comparative experiments were carried out on samples having a fiber/resin ratio of 50:50. The study found the value of thermal conductivity to be in the range of 0.069 to 0.135 W/m.K, which proves a relatively good insulating quality comparable to conventional materials. The capillary water absorption was 12.13% to 47.95%. Mechanical tests revealed the value of compressive strength from 80.3 MPa to 130.4 MPa. In terms of energy analysis, the optimal thickness of insulation materials was found to be in the range of 0.03–0.07 m with energy savings of 45.93 to 57.43 $/m², with a payback period of 2 to 2.31 years. This study addresses the lack of coupled thermo-hygro-mechanical analysis and thermo-economic optimization of bio-based composites under arid climatic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8513,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"27 9","pages":"4385 - 4412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148807468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}