Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)最新文献

{"title":"Disease control by means of induced resistance.","authors":"S Isebaert,&nbsp;R Verhoeven,&nbsp;G Haesaert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biological control of fungal diseases in agriculture and horticulture based on induced resistance can become an attractive alternative to traditional fungicides. The principle is that all plants have genetic information about resistance mechanisms against pathogens such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria. The purpose of our research is to activate these resistance factors that are latent present in the plant, by treating the plants with abiotic and biotic agents (elicitors) to activate defence responses. The resistance inducing products used in the experiments are based on non-pathogenic rhizobacteria, and metabolites of micro-organisms and plants. In our experiments the different products and organisms were tested against powdery mildew on tomato. Good results are obtained with Milsana, Elexa and Serenade, especially Milsana showed a strong reduction of the disease symptoms of O. lycopersicum. These products could contribute to an environmentally more acceptable crop protection and suits in the aim to durable production techniques in agriculture and horticulture.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"159-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22346436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fumigation with chloropicrin in Italy: experimental results on melon, eggplant and tomato.","authors":"M Lodovica Gullino,&nbsp;Andrea Minuto,&nbsp;Angelo Garibaldi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Starting in 1999, seven experimental trials were carried out in Italy in order to evaluate the efficacy of chloropicrin (CP) (Tripicrin, a.i. 99% by wt) as alternative to methyl bromide for soil disinfestation. CP applied by shank injection at 30-40 g/m2 provided a satisfactory and consistent control of Fusarium wilt on melon and Verticillium wilt on eggplant, particularly in sandy soils. On melon against Fusarium wilt and on tomato against F. radicis lycopersici and Fusarium and Verticillium wilts CP at 40 or 60 g/m2 applied by drip irrigation at the concentration of 400 to 700 microliters/l or 850 microliters/l provided the best results. CP applied at 80 g/m2 with 60 mm of water (corresponding to 850 microliters/l) did not increase the efficacy of the soil fumigation treatment and, on tomato, was phytotoxic, causing sudden collapse of plants immediately after the transplant. The comparison of chloropicrin drip application under polyethylene, widely used in the past for methyl bromide soil fumigation, or under virtually gas impermeable film (VIF), to reduce atmosphere emissions, showed an increase of CP efficacy under VIF only reducing the dosages below 40 or 30 g/m2.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"171-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22346438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of steady state oxygen profiles to estimate degradation rates of a diesel contamination in a loamy sand soil.","authors":"Joke Van De Steene,&nbsp;Hubert Verplancke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 4","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22181203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the liquid formulation of some nematicides.","authors":"F Lamberti,&nbsp;T D'Addabbo,&nbsp;P Greco,&nbsp;A Carella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bunches of 25 g of tomato galled roots containing ca. 270 eggs and juveniles/g of Meloidogyne incognita were buried on 29 September 2001 in gauze bags at the depth of 15, 30 and 45 cm in a sandy loam. The liquid formulation of the nematicides 1,3 dichloropropene (at the rate of 100, 200 and 300 l/ha), metam sodium (at the rate of 500, 1000, and 1500 l/ha), oxamyl (at the rate of 50, 100 and 150 l/ha) and fenamiphos (at the rate of 30, 60, and 90 l/ha) were then applied in 10, 20 or 40 l/m2 of water. Control plots received only plain water. One month later all bags were recovered and the roots mixed with steamed soil and filled in plastic pots in which two tomato seeds were planted. Fifty days later plants were uprooted and aliquots of roots were macerated in blender to determine the number of eggs and juveniles. 1,3 dichloropropene, metam sodium and oxamyl were equally effective in controlling root-knot nematodes; fenamiphos was less effective. For all chemicals degree of control increased with the increase of rate of application and the volume of water of application, but decreased in the increase of depth of nematode burial.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"699-702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22341336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of MCA-coated grits in maize fields after high wheel tractor application for disrupting orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte.","authors":"Ludger Wennemann,&nbsp;Hans E Hummel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High wheel tractor applications of 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (MCA)-coated corn granules ('grits') were conducted in Ruski Krstur (Serbia) in summer 2001 in a 5 ha corn field. Grits are a by-product after corn is harvested and separated from the cob and used as a carrier medium to disseminate MCA into the corn field. MCA is a kairomone mimic derived form Cucurbita maxima (Duchesne) used to disrupt orientation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte towards different MCA and pheromone baited traps. The ultimate goal is to investigate the use of MCA as a mating disruptant. MCA was dissolved in an organic solvent and mixed in a cement machine with the grits. Grits were applied at rates of 17.39, 17.1 and 12.45 kg/ha on July 4th, July 19th and August 3rd. Before the impact of MCA as a disruptant can be addressed, the distribution patterns of MCA coated grits have to be thoroughly investigated. They were evaluated by counting girts deposited in 16 or 20 plastic dishes of 30-cm diameter positioned along 2 rows through the field directly after the grit application by tractor. Additionally, grits deposited on corn plant surface such as leaves, leaf axils and corn cobs were counted. Total number of grits collected in plastic dishes revealed even application rates at the first and second application but not on the third application date. Number of grits collected on plant surfaces were significantly different from each other regarding each application date. Altogether, grit distribution in the dishes as well as on the plant surface was variable. However, distribution patterns achieved so far hold promise to disseminate MCA coated grits into corn fields for orientation disruption or mating disruption of D. virgifera virgifera.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of some agricultural practices and fertilizer type on both the incidence of stem borers infestation and corn yield in Egypt.","authors":"H A Mesbah,&nbsp;A K Mourad,&nbsp;Hanyiat M el-Nimr,&nbsp;M A Massoud,&nbsp;A A Abd el-Aziz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize, Zea mays, L. is one of the most important field crops in Egypt. It is used mainly for human, animal and poultry feeding. Corn plants are usually attacked by several injourious insect pests at different stages of development. Out of them, the pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica (Led.), the purple lined borer, Chilo agamemnon (Bles.), and the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.); which cause great damage and yield losses. It is profitable to adopt an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling these insect-pests. In this concern, sowing dates, planting spaces, foliar fertilizers (macro and micro-nutrients), mineral and/or biofertilization, were investigated to evaluate their role as tools in the so-called Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program of corn pests. In general, the used planting spaces of 60 and 70 cm apart between furrows insignificantly affected the level of stem borers infestation. It was clearly observed that the sowing dates have a role in the incidence of stem borers infestation throughout the corn growing seasons of 1994 and 1995. Moreover, The biofertilized corn plants were more tolerant to the infestation by the stem borers than the minerally fertilized ones. Application of Polytrin significantly decreased the mean numbers of larvae. The tested nutrients preparations affected to less extent, the infestation levels. Concerning the interaction effect of applied nutrients preparations, used sowing dates and/or fertilizer type on the deduced means of larval numbers, it was revealed that: (i) the application of the nutrients preparations decreased to a great extent the effect of the studied sowing dates on the stem borers infestation; particularly in case of spraying ascorbic acid alone or in sequence with Polymex, coppersulphate & Potasin-F, (ii) the dressing of corn grains with the biofertilizers Phosphorin & Rhizobacterin before sowing, lowered to some extent the levels of infestation by Ch. agamemnon and O. nubilalis, in comparison to the minerally fertilized corn plants, especially in case of spraying Potasin-F, copper sulphate and scorbic acid followed by Polymex for Ch. agamemnon. Spraying Ascorbic acid alone or in sequence with Polymex; Potasin-F followed by Copper sulphate gave promising results for the control of O. nubilalis. In comparison to insecticide treatment, the used foliar nutrients & fertilizer type in both sowing dates gave positive interaction effects in decreasing levels of stem borers infestation and greatly improved the yield and yield characteristics of corn plants. Such agricultural practices enabled corn plants to tackle the going on infestation; thus crop loss due to the attack of the stem borers could be compensated.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"575-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Juventox 040 SL in the control of glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) on tomato cv. Gracja.","authors":"Jan Narkiewicz-Jodko,&nbsp;Bozena Nawrocka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1999 a glasshouse experiment was carried out on the effectiveness of Juventox 040 SL at the concentration 0.05% in the control of glasshouse whitefly on tomato. The standard treatment was pyriproxyfen. In order to determine the efficiency of the insecticides the dynamics of whitefly development was determined for each treatment and in the control on 10 plants, on 3 leafs per plant. Juventox 040SL performed well in limiting of glasshouse whitefly and keep pest population on low level for many days.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"627-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First results of the application of a new Neemazal powder formulation in hydroponics against different pest insects.","authors":"Edmund Hummel,&nbsp;Hubertus Kleeberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NeemAzal PC (0.5% Azadirachtin) is a new standardised powder formulation from the seed kernels of the tropical Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) with an inert carrier. First experiments with beans--as a model-system for hydroponics--show that active ingredient is taken up by the plants through the roots and is transported efficiently with the plant sap to the leaves. After application of NeemAzal PC solution (0.01-1%) to the roots sucking (Aphis fabae Hom., Aphididae) and free feeding (Heliothis armigera Lep., Noctuidae) pest insects can be controlled efficiently. The effects are concentration and time dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 3","pages":"631-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22342584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of climatic conditions on white tip disease (Phytophthora porri) in leek (Allium porrum).","authors":"K De Jonghe,&nbsp;D Keirsebilck,&nbsp;K Martens,&nbsp;S Buysens,&nbsp;M Höfte","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In leek, one of the major vegetable crops in Belgium, Phytophthora porri causes the so-called white tip disease. During the growing seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001 the incidence of the white tip disease and the role of environmental conditions in the appearance were investigated on several non-treated leek fields in Flanders (Belgium). The first symptoms of white tip disease on leek where recorded in July and the disease progressed until March. Lesions appeared after an incubation period of 91 to 204 DD (degree days above -3 degrees C) (t0) and were diagnostic at 120 DD. The obtained data confirmed a disease increase corresponding with an amount of rainfall of more than 20 l/m2 in 4 days in the period t = t0-92 to t = t0-154 DD. A good correlation was found between the daily disease increase on one hand and the leaf wetness, relative humidity and temperature (negative correlation) on the other hand. Daily disease increase only weakly correlated with rainfall. Based on these results recommendations can be made (for further studies) to develop a model, combining several of the climatic factors, to predict infection periods with high risk on disease increase in the production of leek.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"275-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22345657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergism in mixtures of cymoxanil and mancozeb on Phytophthora infestans in vivo.","authors":"Wen-Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Xiu-Ying Han,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Juan Kang,&nbsp;Shu-Long Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The preventive activity of 1:8 mixture of cymoxanil and mancozeb against Phytophthora infestans was higher than that of either the two single ingredients or the other nine mixtures. The synergistic interaction existed (synergy ratio 2.01) between the two at the mixing ratio of 1:8, whereas additive interaction (synergy ratios ranged from 0.73 to 1.34) existed at the mixing ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:7, from 1:9 to 1:10, 1:8 was the optimal ratio. The preventive activity of 1:8 mixture was higher than the curative and the eradicative. In addition, the eradicative synergism of inhibiting sporangia production on lesions was stronger than the eradicative synergism of inhibiting lesion extension and suppressing infection of sporangia, and than the curative synergism of inhibiting lesion sporulation on detached potato leaflets.</p>","PeriodicalId":85134,"journal":{"name":"Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen)","volume":"67 2","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22345661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}