Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing critical period of weed competition in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2022.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.190","url":null,"abstract":"In the present era, direct-seeding is a viable alternative of traditional transplanting of rice for farmers due to water and labour shortage. It has the potential to ensure water and labour saving along with higher productivity of water. Study was performed to assess the critical period of weed-crop competition i.e. time period during which weeds cause maximum reduction of yield in dry direct-seeded basmati rice during two consecutive summer seasons of the years 2015 and 2016. This experiment consisted of 6 weed competition periods [0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after crop emergence (WAE)] and 6 weed-free periods (0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 WAE) by mixed weed flora. The experiment was executed in randomized complete block design having four replications. With the increasing duration of the weed-crop competition, the productive tillers, grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were decreased gradually. A whole season competition with mixed weed flora reduced rice grain yield up to 90% and increased N, P, and K uptake by weeds up to 28, 5, and 28 kg ha -1 , respectively. In dry direct-sown rice, the critical time of weed removal as estimated by the three-parameter logistic model was 1.4-6.3 WAE and 2.8-4.8 WAE to save 10 and 20% grain yield, respectively. Hence it is concluded that dry direct-seeded rice crop should be kept weed free during this time period of crop growing season.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Shiga toxin producing E. coli in zoo animals of Rawalpindi and\u0000Islamabad zoos","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2022.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.080","url":null,"abstract":"Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are considered pathogens of zoonotic importance. Zoo animals have been reported as reservoirs of STEC and many STEC human outbreaks have been linked with zoo animals. Available information about the occurrence of STEC in zoo animals in Pakistan is limited. Therefore, the current study was executed to estimate the occurrence of STEC in zoo animals of two zoos of Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities in Pakistan. Total of 110 faecal samples were collected from 24 species of zoo animals. The samples were analysed for determination of eae , stx1 , stx2","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69850109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of mycelial culture condition and biomass production of selected wild Agaric\u0000mushrooms from Luzon Island, Philippines","authors":"Johnmel A. Fabros, R. RichMilton, Dulay, O. KathleneClaire, Ganareal, S. Kalaw, Mark Adrian G. del Rosario, R. Reyes, J. Fabros, Dulay Rmr, Sp Kalaw, R. Reyes","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Agaricomycetous mushrooms are widely utilized as a source of food and or traditional medicine in the world as they exhibit both nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. In order to establish the optimal culture conditions of the 2 Coprinopsis, 2 Leucoagaricus, and 1 Leucocoprinus mushroom, we evaluated the optimum culture medium, pH condition, aeration, illumination, and temperature requirements for the luxuriant mycelial growth of these wild mushrooms. The fruiting body and mycelial biomass production were also carried out in this study to measure mushrooms’ biological efficiency. Among commercially-available culture media, malt extract agar (MEA) was found to be the most suitable for the 4 mushrooms (except C. cinerea ), followed by potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 3 mushrooms ( C. cinerea, C. verticillata, L. cretaceous ). Potato sucrose gulaman (local crude agar) or PSG and corn grit decoction gulaman or CGDG were also found favorable for the growth of Coprinopsis verticilatta and Leucoagaricus americanus, respectively. In terms of pH requirement, L. americanus (pH 5) and Leucoagaricus meleagris (pH 5-6) favored slightly acidic, while the other three mushrooms showed a wide range of pH requirements. C. verticillata and L. meleagris favored sealed condition, while Coprinopsis cinerea favored unsealed condition. However, L. americanus and Leucocoprinus cretaceous showed efficient mycelia growth in both sealed and unsealed conditions. Dark condition were found to be favorable for mycelial growth of both C. cinerea and L. cretaceous, whereas lighted condition was found appropriate for L. americanus mycelia. However, illumination was found to be not important factor for C. verticillata and L. meleagris . All evaluated mushrooms grew best at room temperature conditions (30-32ºC), but C. cinerea, L. meleagris, and L. cretaceous could also thrive at lower temperatures (23-25ºC). Three mushrooms namely, L. amaericanus , L. meleagris, and L. cretaceous successfully produced fruiting bodies in fruiting bags containing rice straw and sawdust at a 7:3 ratio by volume with biological efficiencies (BE) of 5.75%, 5.75%, and 2.3%, respectively. However, the mycelia of C. cinerea and C. verticillata were mass-produced in potato broth in submerged cultivation with 18.18% and 23.86% BE, respectively . Generally, the optimum culture condition for both mycelial growth and fruiting body production were found to be species-dependent.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69850478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of climate crisis from rice paddy field by tillage combination in central China","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2022.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.122","url":null,"abstract":"We have tested the tillage combination to study methods that help curtail the release of greenhouse gasses from rice paddy fields have had on the climate and contrasted the potential outcomes for rice production (Oryza sativa L.), no-tillage plus no fertilizer (NT0), conventional tillage plus no fertilizer (CT0), conventional tillage plus compound fertilizer (CTC), no-tillage plus compound fertilizer (NTC) by measuring ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) from paddy fields for rice throughout the year of 2018 in the subtropical area of central China. The mean NH 3 volatilization in CT0 was 9.55% greater than that in NT0 by (p>0.05), and for NTC, it was 11.30% (p>0.05) lower than in CTC. In comparison to CT0, the mean CH 4 emission flux in NT0 was 1.12% (p>0.05) lower, but the mean CH 4 emission flux in CTC was 28.34% (p> 0.05) higher than that in NTC. The mean N 2 O emission flux in NT0 was 174.72% (p˂0.05) lower than in CT0. The average flux of N 2 O emission in CTC was 47.90% (p˃ 0.05) greater than in NTC. We compared the IGWPs based on N 2 O, CH 4 , and CO 2 emission flux. CT0 had the lowest (non-significant) recorded amount at 12097.43KgCO 2 .ha -1 of GWPs, which was only 397.5KgCO 2 .ha -1 lower than that in NT0. CTC had the highest recorded amount at 20042.72KgCO 2 .ha -1 of GWPs, which was 2292.53KgCO 2 .ha -1 higher than that reported in NTC. NTC system to be the superior, sustainable method for mitigating the harmful effects of GHG emissions contributing to the climate crisis by way of rice production in rice paddy fields","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hormone and cold treatments on dormancy breaking of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2021.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2021.422","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69849550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on stingless bee (kelulut) honey composition and its contribution to quality of honey products","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"The kelulut farming industry in Malaysia has experienced exponential growth, driven by the increasing demand for kelulut honey, which can be attributed to the widespread dissemination of information about its benefits. Previously, many researchers worked out on factors responsible on improving the quality of honey. However, the data of honey as a food ingredient and its functions is lacking and should be retrieved in order to have a clear picture on the importance of the specific composition of honey-based products. The composition of kelulut honey such as sugar contents, acidity, antioxidants, water content, minerals and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) play an important role in determining the quality of kelulut honey. The illustrious Malaysian Standard MS2683: 2017 was firmly established with the noble objective of safeguarding the pristine purity and unparalleled excellence of both raw and processed kelulut honey, assuring their unwavering compliance with the exalted guidelines and unrivalled standards set forth. Generally, the utilization of kelulut honey as a preservative in food products are not fully discovered yet. In addition, the presence of good bacteria such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) contributes to a special attribute in kelulut honey. However, kelulut honey is also highly susceptible towards harmful bacteria such as Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus and Shigella as reported in previous work. This may occur due to inappropriate handling of the kelulut honey during harvesting. Furthermore, kelulut honey as food ingredient which contains antibacterial value is very useful and can be used in food preservation due to its function in prolonging the shelf life. Therefore, the shelf life of honey and honey-based products are related with the composition, handling practice and the method of storage implementation throughout the food supply chain.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and antimicrobial properties of biosurfactant production by four indigenous soil bacterial species","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2022.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.146","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants of microbial origin are metabolites; hence their production is dependent on the growth of the producing microbe. The objective of this study was to assess the optimum conditions for biosurfactant by four bacterial species. Biosurfactant detection was carried out using emulsification index, drop collapse and oil displacement assays. Functional composition of the crude biosurfactant was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). In the presence of Pseudomonas fuscoginae significantly higher EI 24 of 53.98% and 52.60% was observed in media that contained glucose or sodium acetate as carbon source, respectively. When P. fuscoginae or P. aeruginosa was used for inoculation, highest EI 24 of 61.18% and 48.40% was observed in media that contained potassium nitrate as nitrogen source. In the medium that was inoculated with either B. subtilis or B. proteolyticus, highest EI 24 of 53.65% and 49.63% was observed in the presence of tryptone and peptone, respectively. At the respective pH used for investigation, significantly highest EI 24 was observed at pH 6, when inoculated with the respective isolates. In the case of incubation temperature, positive results were obtained throughout the incubation period at 25 and 30 o C. This was also irrespective of the isolate used for inoculation. All the extracted biosurfactants showed antimicrobial potentials against the test pathogens used for investigation. Characterization of the crude biosurfactant revealed the presence of compounds with antimicrobial properties. The study was able to provide useful information on optimum conditions for biosurfactant production by test bacterial species and the potential for possible application of the biosurfactants as antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethoxysulfuron causes nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes, DNA damage in some\u0000visceral organs, and oxidative stress in male Japanese quail","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2023.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.056","url":null,"abstract":"Ethoxysulfuron is frequently used as a post-emergent herbicide in different food crops to control broad leaf weeds. This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of ethoxysulfuron herbicide on male Japanese quail. 48 adult male birds were divided into 4 groups and orally administered with varying doses of the herbicide for 45 days. Quail were exposed to four sub-lethal concentrations (0 mg/kg, 0.70 mg/kg/day, 0.90 mg/kg/day, and 1.25 mg/kg/day) of ethoxysulfuron starting from day 1 to 45 of trial and different samples from each quail were obtained at days 15, 30 and 45 of trial following exposure. Results exhibited that with increasing ethoxysulfuron concentrations different nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes such as the formation of micronuclei, binucleated erythrocyte, notched nuclei, blabbed nuclei, lobbed nuclei, condensed nuclei, nuclear remnants and the erythrocytes without nuclei increased in treated birds. Results showed that exposure to herbicide led to genotoxicity, as evidenced by increased values of DNA damage in different visceral organs of the exposed quail compared to the control group. Various antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced and escalated in the liver tissues of quail. Histological examination revealed prominent histoarchitectural changes in the liver (degeneration of hepatocytes and necrosis) and kidneys (degeneration of renal tubules, necrosis of renal tubules, and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells) of the exposed quail. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to ethoxysulfuron herbicide can cause significant morphological and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes, DNA damage, and histoarchitectural changes in different visceral organs of Japanese quail. These findings suggest that exposure to herbicides may pose a health risk to both humans and wildlife.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69850789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune enhancing activity of garlic polysaccharide, selenizing Codonopsis pilosula compounds in chickens","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2023.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2023.149","url":null,"abstract":"Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide is a main ingredient of Codonopsis. The key component in Condoposis is identified as Codonopsis pilosula . This Codonopsis has multiple functions including stimulation of spleen, lungs and tonifying the middle Jiao and Qi. Allium sativum has functions of regulating vital energy, appetizing, detoxification, and disinfection. Polysaccharide of the bulbous is key component to perform the functions of this bulbous. In current study, the immune enhancing activity of GP, sCPP and GP-sCPP through in-vivo and in-vitro trials was evaluated. For in-vivo trials, a total of 150 one day old white roman chicks were randomly divided into five groups, namely immune control (VC), blank control (BC), GP-sCPP, sCPP and GP groups. Chicks in group GP-sCPP, sCPP and GP was intramuscularly treated with 0.5 mg, 0.5 mg and 4.5 mg of polysaccharide, respectively, in all experimental days, and chicks in VC and BC were treated with equal volume of normal saline injections daily. All chicks were bred according to the standards for the rearing of laying hens. For in-vitro trials, lymphocyte cells were cultured in a 12-well plate along with different concentrations of GP-sCPP, sCPP and GP were supplemented in the cells and incubated at 37.5℃. After that, MTT was employed to measure the cytotoxicity of those polysaccharides. The results showed that GP, sCPP and GP-sCPP could increase immune-enhancing activities by releasing cytokines of IL-2 and IFN-γ. In-vivo experiments in chicks showed significantly higher serum antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 levels in GP-sCPP group. These results demonstrated that GP-sCPP can significantly promote immune enhancing activity, which could be recognized as a novel candidate for new type of immune modulator.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of chicken feather into organic liquid fertilizer through two species of Bacillus bacteria fermentation","authors":"","doi":"10.35495/ajab.2022.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.148","url":null,"abstract":"The valorization of industrial poultry waste by microbes into value-added products has received significant attention for reducing pollutants and producing a healthy environment. The current study aims to explore the use of liquid fertilizer from fermented chicken feathers by Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis . The study was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized trial design with 10 different treatments of liquid fertilizer, each of which was repeated 12 times. The current study showed that both bacteria can secrete keratinase enzymes, degrade chicken feathers, and increase the nitrogen content of liquid fertilizer. However, the keratinase activity, degradation, and nitrogen content of chicken feather liquid fertilizer produced by B. subtilis fermentation were significantly higher (P˂0.05) than those of B. cereus . Likewise, the growth, anthocyanin content in the leaves, and yield of red spinach plants nurtured with chicken feather liquid fertilizer from B. subtilis fermentation were significantly (P˂0.05) higher than those given liquid fertilizer from B. cereus . The current study concluded that chicken feathers could be valorized into liquid fertilizer for plants, especially red spinach, by both B. cereus and B. subtilis bacteria. The current study recommends liquid fertilizer from chicken feathers fermented by B. subtilis at 0.05 g/plant to replace chemical fertilizers in plants, especially red spinach.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135704883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}