ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)最新文献

{"title":"Pretreatment of Coal Power Plant RO Retentate using AR floc 100","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, L. V. Schalkwyk, F. Waanders, G. Gericke","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118241","url":null,"abstract":"The water purification process at Eskom includes a reverse osmosis (RO) treatment plant. There are several limitations to this process depending on the water characteristics. The most common problems limiting the success of water purification include scaling, biological fouling and corrosion. This study is mainly focused on reducing scale forming agents in the RO system. Scaling is the precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts onto the equipment, primarily the RO membrane. These salts start to precipitate once the salt concentration in the water is higher than the allowable solubility constant. These salts can be removed from the water by a process called coagulation-flocculation. The success of such process is partly dependent on the type of flocculant and the dosage used. In this study the performances of one coagulant namely Rheofloc 5023 in combination with three flocculants including Rheofloc 5414, Genesys genefloc and AR floc 100 were tested at various dosages for the reduction of conductivity assimilated with ions in the RO retentate from coal power plant was investigated at 40 and 60C. The AR floc 100 was determined to be the optimum flocculant required for the RO reject treatment. The optimum flocculant dosage resulted in 1 ppm along with a Rheofloc 5023 coagulant dosage of 0.7 ppm. Keywords—AR floc 100, RO retentate, flocculation, conductivity.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91108053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of COD from Biodiesel Wastewater using a Hydrophobic Polymer","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, M. Berg, F. Waanders, S. Pandey","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118242","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel production is increasing internationally as an alternative fuel. This is due to the rapid depletion of non-renewable energy sources. Pure biodiesel product can be obtained by washing the product with hot water. This results in a huge quantity of wastewater that is unsafe for disposal in normal drainage systems. Treatment of this wastewater is thus important for reuse or safe disposal in the environment. There are a lot of existing treatment methods, but they are costly, produce large quantities of excessive sludge and are not economically feasible. Flocculation is widely used in water treatment as it is easy to use and affordable. Flocculants can be synthesized to treat the specific wastewater type focusing on the reduction of certain impurities. The reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the biodiesel wastewater was investigated through jar-tests using hydrophobic, non-hydrophobic and a combination of hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic polymers that were synthesized. Almost 68% COD removal was obtained with the non-hydrophobic polymer and about 56% COD removal was obtained with the hydrophobic polymer. The non-hydrophobic polymer has a better removal efficiency, as the wastewater contains a large quantity of hydrophilic organic matters. Although the hydrophobic polymer also removes COD, it could be seen that the hydrophobic polymer attracted the unreacted oil in the biodiesel wastewater.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86102810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Acceptance and Usability for Educational Technology: The Conceptual Gaps","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90499560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Reduction of COD and Sulphate by SRB in Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor under High Metal Loading Conditions","authors":"E. Akinpelu, E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, S. K. Ntwampe","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118236","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) containing AnoxKaldnes K5 model for the treatment of raw acid mine drainage (AMD) was investigated for the reduction of sulphate and chemical oxygen demand using a consortium of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) dominated by Proteobacteria. The MBBR was enriched for 4 weeks, followed by introduction of raw AMD and sampling at intervals for 7 weeks. Maximum removal efficiency of COD was 99 % followed by 75 % sulphate reduction. The results showed that the bio-carrier is more suited for the COD reduction. Keywords— Acid mine drainage; Chemical oxygen demand; Heavy metals; moving bed biofilm reactor; Sulphate reducing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85623459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Aqueous Phase Recirculation During Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds","authors":"J. Grobler, C. J. Schabort","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73546292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brewery Effluent Sludge Characterization and Dewatering to Increase Potential Water Recycling Capabilities","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, Christiaan Van der Vyver, Dumisane Moyakhe, F. Waanders, C. D. Klerk","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract—In this study various coagulants and flocculants were tested for optimum removal of COD from brewery wastewater. The coagulants used were ferric chloride and an organic coagulant mixture obtained from the brewery company. The flocculants used were a cationic flocculant (Genesys’ genefloc, polyquaternary amine), an anionic flocculant (Senfloc 5210), a non-ionic flocculant (Senfloc 5330) and a cationic acrylamide copolymer in aqueous dispersion (Brewery flocculant) for comparison. The organic coagulant mixture in aqueous solution was more effective than the ferric chloride at the same optimal dosage of 25 ppm. The ferric chloride and organic coagulant mixture used alone achieved COD removal efficiencies of 32.7% and 48.5% at a pH of 5.65 respectively while their performances for turbidity removal at pH 5.65 were 63.3% and 91.9% respectively. The best results were achieved when using the ferric chloride in combination with the cationic acrylamide copolymer in aqueous dispersion (Brewery flocculant) at an optimum dosage of 30 ppm and when using the organic coagulant mixture in aqueous solution in combination with the cationic acrylamide copolymer in aqueous dispersion (Brewery flocculant) at an optimum dosage of 10 ppm. When using ferric chloride in combination with the cationic acrylamide copolymer in aqueous dispersion (Brewery flocculant) and the organic coagulant mixture in aqueous solution in combination with the cationic acrylamide copolymer in aqueous dispersion (Brewery flocculant), COD removal efficiencies of 79.6% and 78.2% at a pH of 5.85 respectively was achieved, while they exhibited similar performance for turbidity removal at pH 5.85 of 99.7%. The optimization tests carried out in this study have allowed to improve the understanding of turbidity and COD removal mechanisms and achieved lower dosages of coagulants and flocculants for better treatment, therefore suggesting a more economical approach. Comparing the achieved results with the standard disposal values, it can be seen that the results gathered in","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Exposition of Simultaneous Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification","authors":"S. G. Kanyenda, S. K. Ntwampe, N. Mpongwana, B. Godongwana","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118258","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional nitrogen removal techniques include sequential nitrification and aerobic denitrification processes. Recent technologies on nitrogen removal have shown that nitrification and denitrification processes can occur simultaneously in one bioreactor. However, models that ascertain the stoichiometric conversion ratios have not been developed for such systems. In this study simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification data was used in models to describe the substrate consumption and product formation, with simplification using Simpson's rule being used to develop a suitable model. The stoichiometric conversion ratio from NH4-N to NO3-N to NO2-N where approximately found to be ranging from 0.035 0.05 mol: 0.677 – 0.35mol: 1 mol, respectively, indicating that the biological stoichiometric ratios of the simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification processes are not equivalent as previously suggested in theoretical chemical stoichiometric ratios associated with traditional nitrification and denitrification. Keywords— Aerobic denitrification, Biological Stoichiometry, Nitrification, Simultaneity.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87709307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Cyanide Degradation Kinetics of Cyanide Degrading Bacteria","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77755800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sol-gel Preparations of ZnO/SnO2 Composite Photocatalysts Applied for the Degradation of PAH’s under Visible Light","authors":"Nthambeleni Mukwevho, E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, J. Bunt, D. Bruyn","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118245","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment challenges faced by conventional methods have necessitated the need for alternative/complementary methods that are environmentally benign and efficient especially toward recalcitrant organic pollutants. In this regard, ZnO/SnO2 composite photocatalysts were synthesized using sol-gel method and employed in the photocatalytic degradation of Phenanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene and naphthalene, typical PAH’s in water solution. The photocatalyst material was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the properties of the nanocomposite. The photocatalytic degradation activities of these nanocomposites towards phenanthrene, naphthalene and Benzo(a)pyrene were then investigated by measuring the effects irradiation time. In addition, the first-order kinetic model was used to determine the rate constant for the degradation reaction. The photocatalytic degradation data exhibited a trend fitting the pseudo first-order kinetics as defined by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, which allowed prediction of the faster degradation rate by the ZnO/SnO2 nanohybrid (NH). Keywords: Photocatalyst, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, composite","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77815939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colouring of Dolomite, Quartzite and Dolerite Mine Dump Rocks","authors":"Z. Easton, F. Waanders, E. Fosso-Kankeu","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118225","url":null,"abstract":"For environmental and aesthetic purposes it has become essential that mine dump rocks either blend into the environment or be used in the production of other products. Lately, there has been a constant need to produce more durable road and construction material and to develop an alternative for granite countertops and flooring. For the visibility of road surface material and the aesthetic aspect of countertops, the colouring of mine dump rocks was considered. A cost effective and environmentally friendly process was suggested to colour mine dump rocks. In this study different colouring agents for three mine dumping rocks, dolomite, quartzite and dolerite, were investigated. The aim was to create lasting colours that have a high wear resistance to weather conditions. Coloured dolomite can be used as road and construction material, coloured quartzite as countertops while coloured dolerite can serve as a replacement for road surfaces. Keywords— Dolerite, Dolomite, Mine dump rocks, Quartzite, Rock colouring","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78967788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}