International journal of mass emergencies and disasters最新文献

{"title":"Understanding where Emergency Management Gets the Knowledge to Solve the Problems They Face: Where are We More than 20 Years after the IJMED Special Edition Calls on Closing the Gap?","authors":"Brian D. Williams","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900305","url":null,"abstract":"In 1993, the IJMED published a special edition calling for a closing of the gap between academic research and the practice of emergency management. The goal of this paper is to understand where we are in the knowledge gap by examining where emergency management professionals get the information needed to solve the problems they face. Twenty—four interviews were conducted with emergency management professionals in the Southeast Texas and Houston-Galveston Regions along the Texas Gulf Coast. The findings suggest that experience is pervasive as a source and most report utilizing a network of peers to gain information to solve problems. Even among those with an advanced degree, there is a perception that there is either no research out there, or at least nothing that is readily available. The findings accentuate the need for research to focus its distribution efforts through federal and state training programs and planning, for academia to facilitate a mix of education and experience in practice, and for experienced practitioners to reach out to research through degreed peers to facilitate knowledge transfer and close the knowledge gap for disasters.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"10 1","pages":"417 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82831411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Aftermath of IrMaria in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Temporal Patterns of Looting, Burglaries, and Community Solidarity","authors":"Hans M. Louis‐Charles, B. Aguirre, Jamile M. Kitnurse","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900301","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria (IrMaria) in the U.S. Virgin Islands and the dichotomy between media reports depicting mass looting and chaos with statements by public officials disputing these claims. Perceptions on post-hurricane criminality can influence sheltering and evacuation behavior as well as frame public policy. The authors review the post-disaster collective behavior literature and implement a mixed-methods approach to examine the veracity of these looting claims. Post-disaster interviews with impacted households, business owners, and public servants reveal a pro-social environment with strong community solidarity in the immediate aftermath of IrMaria. Sheltering behavior was not influenced by fears of looting, but was influenced by previous hurricane false alarms. Regression of available FBI-UCR data shows the rate of burglary has declined across the islands since 2010. An aggregate-level report by the U.S. Virgin Islands Police Department shows a decline in all crimes throughout the US territory compared to the fiscal year before IrMaria, but a four percent increase in burglary incidents. The comparable increase in incidents occurred within four months of IrMaria's landfall, followed by a precipitous decrease in incidents. This finding aligns with theoretical calls to consider temporal phases and patterns of post-disaster crime. Considering the delayed federal response and the decrease in all other crimes for the fiscal year, the authors attribute the momentary increase in burglary incidents as a misnomer and are likely survival appropriating acts that decreased with burgeoning humanitarian assistance. This study recommends disaster public policy and recovery efforts prioritize the unmet needs of hurricane survivors and greater scrutiny of the constraints of US colonialism that impede disaster resilience. Additionally, the paper highlights other concerns raised by participants during fieldwork interviews and emphasizes the necessity and value of ethical post-disaster qualitative research.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":" 5","pages":"319 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72380033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Complex Crises through the Lens of Intuitive Expertise: A Naturalistic Decision-Making Perspective","authors":"J. Okoli, A. Hatami-Marbini","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900304","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical paper draws extensively on the extant literature to examine the role of expert intuition in the management of non-routine crises within a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environment. It follows a theoretically driven inductive design to explore the construct of intuitive expertise, with a specific focus on high-risk domains. Methodically, the paper builds on the naturalistic decision-making (NDM) theory to explore how experienced crisis managers perform complex tasks with the aid of their tacit and intuitive knowledge. Evidence suggests that experienced decision-makers are more likely to solve time-pressured tasks using their intuitive mode as the default strategy, only switching to a deliberative mode when the proposed course(s) of action require some form of justification or where pattern recognition has proven insufficient. The paper also develops a four-dimensional framework that describes both individual and situational factors that generally influence decision-making dynamics in a VUCA crisis environment. A synthesis of the literature results in the emergence of four theoretical propositions, with implications discussed for crisis and emergency practice. A key recommendation is to integrate the NDM sub-discipline into the field of crisis management, with suggestions that such integration may lead to significant improvements in crisis response effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":"394 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A Yam between Two Rocks”: A Comparative Analysis of Disaster Coverage and Geopolitical Dynamics in Nepali and Indian News Reporting of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake","authors":"S. Karki, Tamara L. Mix","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900302","url":null,"abstract":"The devastating Gorkha earthquake, measuring 7.8M on the Richter scale, struck Nepal on April 25, 2015, followed by a major aftershock on May 12, 2015. The earthquakes killed approximately 9,000 people and injured thousands more, garnering significant media coverage. We employ qualitative content analysis and media framing theories to demonstrate evidence of social construction in the Gorkha earthquake media coverage from two Nepali national and two Indian newspapers. Using a sample of 2,862 articles published within a year of the earthquake, five major frames: the disaster frame, disaster myths, the therapeutic community frame, recreancy, and international support emerged during the analysis. Our study demonstrates how media coverage reflects current geopolitical dynamics in the region, distinguishing impoverished Nepal from two emerging economic giants, India and China. We contribute to developing literature arguing that media coverage during disasters produces global human life hierarchies. Our study adds a class hierarchy dimension, where tourists are more valuable than locals, and even among tourists, those involved in high-end tourism attract additional media attention.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"3 1","pages":"346 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88318005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gendered Effect of Disasters on Mental Health: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ashleigh E. McKinzie, Jody Clay-Warner","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900202","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters produce or exacerbate mental health problems. While women and men generally experience different rates of mental illness, there have been few attempts to synthesize the literature on the gendered impacts of disaster on mental health. Our strategy was to first conduct a Google Scholar search for articles containing the words “trauma,” “gender,” and “disaster.” We then searched all 1990–2020 issues of journals germane to this topic. These combined searches yielded 167 articles, of which 34 met our inclusion criteria. We reviewed the findings of these articles within three categories: natural disaster, human-induced disaster, and disaster results in displacement/relocation. We observed three trends: 1) women and men report similar levels of mental health difficulties after human-induced disasters; 2) women report more mental health problems than men in developed countries following a natural disaster; 3) displaced women report more mental health problems than displaced men.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"25 1","pages":"227 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87705601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Fitness, Parks, and Active Transportation Organizations on Factors Influencing Physical Activity and Wellbeing during Disaster Recovery","authors":"Claire B Pendergrast, Nicole A. Errett, S. Miles, Youngjun Choe","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900204","url":null,"abstract":"While increasing physical activity is a public health priority in the United States and is known to improve health and wellbeing, little is known about how disasters influence physical activity among members of impacted communities. This qualitative study examines the experiences and activities of 17 representatives of fitness, parks, and active transportation organizations in Houston, Texas following Hurricane Harvey and in Santa Rosa, California following the Tubbs Wildfires. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using a combined inductive and deductive approach. Our findings suggest that factors on the individual, social and organizational, built environment, and natural environment levels influence participation in physical activity post-event. Fitness, parks, and active transportation organizations support activities that promote social and physical wellbeing during the disaster recovery process and would benefit from tailored resources and technical assistance to support their activities during disaster recovery.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"7 1","pages":"292 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82710134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staying above Water: Educational Outcomes of College Students during the 2016 Louisiana Flood","authors":"Kyle Breen, M. Meyer","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900201","url":null,"abstract":"College students occupy a socially constructed transitional space between childhood and traditional adulthood that may generate unique risks for them during disasters. Yet, few disaster research studies focus specifically on college students. Using data derived from in-depth, qualitative interviews six to eight months following the 2016 Louisiana Flood, this paper explores college students’ perspectives on how the flood affected their educational experience. The students described attendance issues, course schedule changes, grade fluctuations, and changes in motivation. These impacts were often indirectly related to the flood, and varied based on the amount of damage that they or their families experienced, as well as secondary effects including emotional stress, living arrangements, socioeconomic status, and connection with family during recovery. This research exposes the need for further studies on how disasters within college students’ families may reverberate through the students’ educational experiences and potentially affect their life trajectories.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"16 1","pages":"199 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88887777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Creating Safety and Security?: Analyzing the Multifaceted Field of Co-Creation in Finland","authors":"H. Raisio, A. Puustinen, V. Valtonen","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900203","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity is said to be on the rise in the security environment and co-creation has been proposed as one of the ways to respond to this situation. Through co-creation, complexity is addressed by a plurality of actors and actions, instead of by any single authority or recipe. Such an approach is the main premise of the Finnish Concept for Comprehensive Security. This article seeks to answer the question of how co-creation occurs as part of societal safety and security functions in Finland and what kind of challenges and problems are involved therein. The focus of the article is on the regional and local levels of action and on the public-sector/civil-society interface. The data informing this study are 31 small-group discussions that took place in so-called security cafés. This article uses the modified ladder of safety and security co-creation derived from previous research to provide its analytical framework. The ladder of co-creation proved to be a useful analytical tool to address the phenomenon and to illustrate the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of safety and security co-creation. Results indicate that at present co-creation within the safety and security functions in Finland seems to focus more on action-oriented co-production. Citizens as volunteers participate in the functions of producing safety and security, but talk-centered, planning-oriented co-creation seems to be less common. The data also provide clear indications of the darker sides of co-creation. Co-creation may be symbolic and tokenistic in that it remains at a rhetorical level. The data also offer examples of co-contamination (the lowest level of the ladder of co-creation). These examples were related to the roles of spontaneous volunteers and emergent citizen groups.","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"67 1","pages":"263 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83975908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Review of Disasters and History: The Vulnerability and Resilience of Past Societies","authors":"Zachary Loeb","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"110 1","pages":"314 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79301165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Review of Declaring Disaster: Buffalo's Blizzard of ‘77 and the Creation of FEMA","authors":"Samantha Montano","doi":"10.1177/028072702103900206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702103900206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84928,"journal":{"name":"International journal of mass emergencies and disasters","volume":"46 1","pages":"317 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86794651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}