Asia Pacific Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Pandemic effects on the care of patients with inborn errors of immunity.","authors":"Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000117","url":null,"abstract":"It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the healthcare systems worldwide and exposed many deficiencies in these systems and required restructuring to mitigate these deficiencies in a modern-day pandemic [1]. A myriad of effects resulting from this pandemic not only have an impact physiologically, but also psychologically and thus, has had a huge impact on the mental health of the global community [2]. Enormous resources were required to provide continuous high-level care for those infected and this led to the neglect of uninfected patients with chronic diseases. These chronic diseases include inborn errors of immunity (IEI) for which nearly 500 gene defects have been described [3]. IEI present typically with recurring infections, but also as autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and allergic conditions. Even in the nonpandemic circumstances, patients with IEI and their caregivers would report significant care inadequacies, both in diagnostic and therapeutic care. In general, IEI are usually underdiagnosed and this could have worsened during the pandemic leading to further morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, several groups have also assessed the possibility of novel IEI presenting as severe COVID-19 infection and has led to the discovery of new IEI gene defects [4, 5]. This highlights and strengthens the observation that IEI as an experiment of nature, aids in progressive understanding of the human immune system, and thereby provides opportunities in developing targeted therapies for immune-mediated diseases. It also illustrates the importance of the field of clinical immunology during any pandemic and that immunologists, both clinical and scientists alike, play a central role in managing any pandemic. The need for a lockdown to mitigate the spread of the recent COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on an effective delivery of treatment to IEI patients. Depending on the type of IEI, therapeutic options include antibiotics prophylaxis, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT), hemopoietic stem cell transplant, and gene therapy. The mainstay of treatments for most patients with IEI, that is, predominantly antibody deficiencies is IRT, which is commonly delivered intravenously, and possibly subcutaneously. Immunoglobulin therapy contains antibodies to compensate for the defective immune system’s inability to produce them. Individuals with IEI need IRT regularly throughout their lives to help combat infections and prevent organ damage. Without IRT, they are in danger of suffering from morbidity, poor quality of life, and reduced life expectancy. As immunoglobulin is derived from human plasma, there are concerns about the availability of supply, particularly to treat life-threatening conditions that cannot be improved with other medications. It is estimated that 75% to 80% of IEI patients do not have access to adequate immunoglobulin therapy throughout the world [6]. Certainly, delivery of IRT was affected during the pandemic due to","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 3","pages":"95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/10/pa9-13-095.PMC10516314.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41095433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug allergy knowledge, attitude, and practice: A survey among doctors and pharmacists in public health facilities of Sabah, Malaysia.","authors":"Melinda See Kee Kwan,&nbsp;Sze Ling Tan,&nbsp;Thamron Keowmani,&nbsp;Sor Leng Goh,&nbsp;James Yau Hon Voo,&nbsp;Hoo Seng Tan,&nbsp;Mohd Ridzuan Bin Zakaria,&nbsp;Sivaraj Raman,&nbsp;Jackie Chit Khong Ho,&nbsp;Diyanah Khan Binti Zainullah Faidin,&nbsp;Nur'Ain Binti Madi,&nbsp;Khamisah Binti Itim","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the deficits in allergists and testing capacity, the diagnosis of drug allergy is largely dependent on the clinician's and pharmacist's judgment. The ability to recognize drug allergies and respond appropriately is crucial to patient safety. Currently, there is a void in the evidence that limits the ability to recommend comprehensive and swift improvements on this front.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study thus aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward drug allergy among doctors and pharmacists working in public healthcare facilities in Sabah, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 hospitals and 11 clinics in Sabah. A validated Drug Allergy Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire was adapted from a published study and developed on an online survey platform. The questionnaire was distributed to all listed eligible respondents via email and personal messenger service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 549 doctors and pharmacists responded, with an overall response rate of 18.2%. The total mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 8.3 (SD, 1.98), 18.9 (SD, 2.55), and 17.3 (SD, 4.4), respectively. It was found that pharmacists performed significantly poorer than both medical officers (mean score difference = -0.5; <i>P</i> = 0.006) and specialists (mean score difference = -0.9; <i>P</i> = 0.020) in the knowledge domain. As the time in service doubles, the knowledge score increases significantly by 0.3 (<i>P</i> = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge, attitude, and practice on drug allergy among doctors and pharmacists in Sabah were poor. It is thus timely for advanced educational programs on drug allergy to be formalized and implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 3","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/a2/pa9-13-121.PMC10516309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41106196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal period for achieving sustained unresponsiveness in peanut oral immunotherapy.","authors":"Kosei Yamashita,&nbsp;Toshinori Nakamura,&nbsp;Takanori Imai,&nbsp;Aiko Honda,&nbsp;Yuki Okada,&nbsp;Mayu Maeda,&nbsp;Taro Kamiya","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral immunotherapy (OIT) can help children with persistent food allergies achieve sustained unresponsiveness (SU). However, the optimal therapeutic period for obtaining SU remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to retrospectively investigate the association between the OIT treatment period and achievement of SU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients who received OIT for peanut allergy between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022. OIT comprised the build-up phase, maintenance phase, complete avoidance, and an oral food challenge (OFC) for confirming SU. The peanut dose in the OFC was gradually increased to 3,000 mg (peanut protein: 795 mg), which was subsequently maintained for ≥5 months. SU was defined as a negative response to 795 mg of peanut protein after ≥2 weeks of complete avoidance. We evaluated the therapeutic OIT period for achieving SU using Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight patients underwent peanut OIT. The starting age at OIT initiation was 8 (interquartile range [IQR], 7-10) years. Forty-one (85%) patients had a history of anaphylaxis. The median specific immunoglobulin E concentration to peanut and Ara h 2 at OIT initiation was 85.3 (IQR, 33.7-100) and 57.6 (IQR, 21.9-100) UA/mL, respectively. The median observational period was 2.1 (IQR, 1.6-3.0) person-years (PY). Thirty-four (71%) patients achieved SU, with the rate of SU achievement gradually increasing with the therapeutic period. The median period until SU achievement was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.5) PY. The rate of SU achievement slowed down after 2.7 PY.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OIT for at least 2.7 PY can increase the rate of SU achievement. The protocol No. 3107.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 3","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41104701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric allergies in Japan: Coronavirus disease pandemic-related risk factors.","authors":"Yuri Takaoka,&nbsp;Akihiro Maeta,&nbsp;Atsuko Nakano,&nbsp;Masaaki Hamada,&nbsp;Yukiko Hiraguchi,&nbsp;Tomoko Kawakami,&nbsp;Ikuo Okafuji,&nbsp;Yutaka Takemura,&nbsp;Makoto Kameda,&nbsp;Kyoko Takahashi,&nbsp;Shohei Akagawa,&nbsp;Kaori Anzai,&nbsp;Shinichi Sumimoto,&nbsp;Kenji Bando,&nbsp;Masaaki Doi,&nbsp;Masahiro Enomoto,&nbsp;Shiori Fujikawa,&nbsp;Akiko Ikeda,&nbsp;Megumi Nagai,&nbsp;Atsuko Nishiyama,&nbsp;Keita Otsuka,&nbsp;Satoko Shimizu,&nbsp;Yukiko Sugimoto,&nbsp;Yukiko Tanaka,&nbsp;Yuko Tanaka,&nbsp;Yuya Tanaka,&nbsp;Ryohei Wakahara,&nbsp;Koji Yamasaki","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted various parts of society, including Japanese children with allergies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated risk factors for pediatric allergic diseases associated with the state of emergency owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, including during school closures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents of pediatric patients (0-15 years) with allergies were enrolled and queried regarding the impact of school closure on pediatric allergies compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A valid response was obtained from 2302 parents; 1740 of them had children with food allergies. Approximately 4% (62/1740) of the parents reported accidental food allergen ingestion was increased compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Accidental ingestion during school closures was associated with increased contact with meals containing allergens meant for siblings or other members of the family at home. The exacerbation rate during the pandemic was highest for atopic dermatitis at 13% (127/976), followed by allergic rhinitis at 8% (58/697), and bronchial asthma at 4% (27/757). The main risk factors for worsening atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma were contact dermatitis of the mask area (34/120 total comments); home allergens, such as mites, dogs, and cats (15/51 total comments); and seasonal changes (6/25 total comments), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main factors affecting allergic diseases were likely related to increased time at home, preventive measures against COVID-19, and refraining from doctor visits. Children with allergies were affected by changes in social conditions; however, some factors, such as preventing accidental ingestion and the management of allergens at home, were similar to those before the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who had received instructions on allergen avoidance at home before the pandemic were able to manage their disease better even when their social conditions changed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 3","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/0c/pa9-13-114.PMC10516313.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41095414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-induced Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Interpreting the systematic reviews on immunomodulatory therapies.","authors":"Bernard Yu-Hor Thong","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are non-immunoglobulin E-mediated severe cutaneous adverse reactions with a high risk of morbidity, mortality, and physical and mental health impact. These are associated with certain high-risk drugs, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific genotypes and ethnicities. HLA class I-restricted oligoclonal CD8 cytotoxic T-cell responses occur at the tissue level in SJS/TEN. Cytotoxic T cells are the T effector cells that result in keratinocyte apoptosis (cell death) mediated by T effector molecules granzyme B, perforin, granulysin, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lipocalin-2. The clinical hallmarks of SJS/TEN include fever, ≥2 mucosal involvements (ocular, oral, and genital), and positive Nikolsky sign with epidermal detachment. Systematic reviews on immunomodulatory treatments remain limited by the paucity of randomized controlled trials, heterogeneity of studies, and non-standardization of outcome measures. Preventive HLA genotype screening before the prescription of carbamazepine and allopurinol may further reduce the incidence of SJS/TEN. The role of immunomodulatory treatments in SJS/TEN is at present not supported by robust evidence from systematic reviews given the lack of randomized controlled trials. The evidence for improved survival with off-label use of corticosteroids plus intravenous immunoglobulins, ciclosporin plus intravenous immunoglobulins, and ciclosporin alone has not been demonstrated by network meta-analyses and meta-regression. In the real-world clinical setting, systemic corticosteroids (in SJS and overlap SJS/TEN), ciclosporin, and etanercept (in TEN) appear to be the off-label treatments currently most widely used.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/97/pa9-13-72.PMC10287110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophil granule proteins as a biomarker in managing asthma and allergies.","authors":"Chang-Keun Kim,&nbsp;Zak Callaway,&nbsp;Ruby Pawankar","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past few decades, biomarkers have been successfully used for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of disease. Taking together clinical, genetic, lifestyle, and information on relevant biomarkers, the therapy of diseases can be personalized to an individual. Several novel biomarkers have been recently reported for allergic diseases. However, to interpret the validity of biomarker data, the validation of their reliability, precision, and reproducibility is imperative. Once validated, they can be used in therapeutic product development and in clinical practice. Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes and major effector cells that play a crucial role in the immunological mechanisms of allergic disease. Measuring eosinophils has been the gold standard for treating and monitoring eosinophil-related diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. However, eosinophil numbers/percentages yield little information about eosinophil activity. Eosinophil activation leads to the extracellular release of 4 granule proteins, with the most promising biomarker of the 4 being eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). EDN is more easily recovered from measuring instruments and cell surfaces than other eosinophil biomarkers because of its weaker electrical charge. EDN is known to be released from eosinophils at a greater efficiency, adding to its recoverability. It also has antiviral activity in respiratory infections associated with allergic disease development in early life (eg, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections in early childhood). EDN can be measured in several body fluids, including blood, urine, sputum, nasal secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage. EDN is a stable biomarker utilized to precisely diagnose, treat, and monitor many eosinophil-related allergic diseases. This eosinophil granule protein may prove useful in precision medicine approaches and should always be considered as a useful tool for the clinician to give the best patient care possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/dc/pa9-13-66.PMC10287111.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and allergy in Malaysia: The need for evidence and action.","authors":"Fatimah Ahamad, Amir Hamzah Abdul Latiff, Jemilah Mahmood","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000105","DOIUrl":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a scarcity in both epidemiological studies and forecast models on the impact of air pollution on respiratory allergic responses in Malaysia. The quantification of baseline allows for an understanding of the severity of the impact and target areas for intervention. High-quality forecasts not only provide information for the assessment of potential outcomes but also the dissemination of public health warnings, such as the application of mobile-based early warning systems. There is a need for a data repository system that facilitates research on such studies. However, a call for more evidence should not put a pause on actions and future plans that will help reduce pollution emission and exposure to air pollutants as there are sufficient evidence to indicate that air pollutants impact health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"85-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/a0/pa9-13-85.PMC10287109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathophysiology of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): Possible role for persistent inflammation.","authors":"Gailen D Marshall","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000106","DOIUrl":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the SARS-CoV-2-induced pandemic wanes, a substantial number of patients with acute Corona Virus-induced disease (COVID-19 continue to have symptoms for a prolonged time after initial infection. These patients are said to have postacute sequelae of COVID (PASC) or \"long COVID\". The underlying pathophysiology of this syndrome is poorly understood and likely quite heterogeneous. The role of persistent, possibly deviant inflammation as a major factor in comorbidity is suspected.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review data that address the relative importance of inflammation in the pathophysiology spectrum of PASC and to address how this would impact diagnosis and approach to therapy in patients identified as having such inflammatory abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of public databases, including PubMed, MeSH, NLM catalog, and clinical trial databases such as clinicaltrials.gov.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature supports a prominent role for various forms and types of inflammation in the pathophysiologic spectrum of PASC. Such inflammation can be persistent ant CoV-2-specific responses, new onset autoimmune responses, or a loss of normal immunoregulation resulting in widespread, sustained inflammatory pathologies that can affect both broad constitutional symptoms (such as fatigue, neurocognitive dysfunction, and anxiety/depression) and organ-specific dysfunction and/or failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PASC is a significant clinical entity with similarities to and differences from other postviral syndromes. Significant research efforts are ongoing to better understand specific aberrant inflammatory pathways present in individual patients for the purpose of developing and implementing effective therapies and ultimately prophylaxis strategies to prevent the progression of COVID-19 as well as likely future viral illnesses and pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/0c/pa9-13-77.PMC10287107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of lanadelumab administration in hereditary angioedema: A case series of 4 patients in Portugal.","authors":"Ana Graça Bernardino, Manuel Branco Ferreira, Célia Costa, Joana Caiado, Elisa Pedro, Amélia Spínola Santos","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000102","DOIUrl":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000102","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary angioedema (","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10287104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune manifestations of CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency in two patients of Southeast Asian ethnicity.","authors":"Xin Rong Lim,&nbsp;Yi Wye Lai,&nbsp;Choon Guan Chua,&nbsp;Yen Loo Lim,&nbsp;Siong See Joyce Lee,&nbsp;Chia Wei Lim,&nbsp;Yu-Hor Bernard Thong,&nbsp;Wei-Lynn Justina Tan","doi":"10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.0000000000000103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report 2 patients who first developed cutaneous manifestations, followed by autoimmune phenomena, infections, and hypogammaglobulinemia. They were initially diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency; however, the diagnosis was revised to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 haploinsufficiency after genetic and functional testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8488,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Allergy","volume":"13 2","pages":"88-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/8d/pa9-13-88.PMC10287108.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}