arXiv: Quantum Physics最新文献

Generative Quantum Machine Learning 生成量子机器学习

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000514692

Christa Zoufal

{"title":"Generative Quantum Machine Learning","authors":"Christa Zoufal","doi":"10.3929/ETHZ-B-000514692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000514692","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of generative machine learning is to model the probability distribution underlying a given data set. This probability distribution helps to characterize the generation process of the data samples. While classical generative machine learning is solely based on classical resources, generative quantum machine learning can also employ quantum resources - such as parameterized quantum channels and quantum operators - to learn and sample from the probability model of interest. \u0000Applications of generative (quantum) models are multifaceted. The trained model can generate new samples that are compatible with the given data and extend the data set. Additionally, learning a model for the generation process of a data set may provide interesting information about the corresponding properties. With the help of quantum resources, the respective generative models have access to functions that are difficult to evaluate with a classical computer and may improve the performance or lead to new insights. Furthermore, generative quantum machine learning can be applied to efficient, approximate loading of classical data into a quantum state which may help to avoid - potentially exponentially - expensive, exact quantum data loading. \u0000The aim of this doctoral thesis is to develop new generative quantum machine learning algorithms, demonstrate their feasibility, and analyze their performance. Additionally, we outline their potential application to efficient, approximate quantum data loading. More specifically, we introduce a quantum generative adversarial network and a quantum Boltzmann machine implementation, both of which can be realized with parameterized quantum circuits. These algorithms are compatible with first-generation quantum hardware and, thus, enable us to study proof of concept implementations not only with numerical quantum simulations but also real quantum hardware available today.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82258046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A Wave Nature-Based Interpretation of The Nonclassical Feature of Photon Bunching On A Beam Splitter 分束器上光子聚束非经典特征的波性质解释

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1062358/v1

B. Ham

引用次数: 2

The Future of Quantum Theory: A Way Out of the Impasse 量子理论的未来:走出僵局的出路

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.3929/ETHZ-B-000503781

G. Fourny

引用次数: 0

Partial Measurements of Quantum Systems 量子系统的部分测量

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.7936/6F01-VJ63

J. Monroe

{"title":"Partial Measurements of Quantum Systems","authors":"J. Monroe","doi":"10.7936/6F01-VJ63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7936/6F01-VJ63","url":null,"abstract":"Projective measurement is a commonly used assumption in quantum mechanics. However, advances in quantum measurement techniques allow for partial measurements, which accurately estimate state information while keeping the wavefunction intact. In this dissertation, we employ partial measurements to study two phenomena. First, we investigate an uncertainty relation -- in the style of Heisenberg's 1929 thought experiment -- which includes partial measurements in addition to projective measurements. We find that a weak partial measurement can decrease the uncertainty between two incompatible (non-commuting) observables. In the second study, we investigate the foundation of irreversible dynamics resulting from partial measurements. We do so by comparing the forward and time-reversed probabilities of measurement outcomes resulting from post-selected feedback protocols with both causal and reversed-causal order. We find that the statistics of partial measurements produce entropy in accordance with generalized second laws of thermodynamics. \u0000We perform these experiments using superconducting qubits. This dissertation also describes the fabrication process for these devices and details a novel fabrication technique that allows fast, single-step lithography of Josephson-junction superconducting circuits. The technique simplifies processing by utilizing a direct-write photolithography system, in contrast to traditional electron-beam lithography. Despite their large lithographic area, Josephson junctions made with this method have low critical currents and high coherence times.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83155652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Emergence of the Classical from within the Quantum Universe 经典从量子宇宙中涌现

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88781-0_2

W. Zurek

引用次数: 7

Quantum interference between independent solid-state single-photon sources separated by 300 km fiber 相隔300公里光纤的独立固态单光子源之间的量子干涉

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-691995/V1

Xiang You, Mingyang Zheng, Si Chen, Run-Ze Liu, J. Qin, Mo-Chi Xu, Zhenbin Ge, T. Chung, Yu-Kun Qiao, Yang-Fan Jiang, Han-Sen Zhong, Ming-Cheng Chen, Hui Wang, Yu-Ming He, Xiuping Xie, Hao Li, L. You, C. Schneider, Juan Yin, Teng-Yun Chen, M. Benyoucef, Y. Huo, S. Höfling, Qiang Zhang, Chaoyang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan

{"title":"Quantum interference between independent solid-state single-photon sources separated by 300 km fiber","authors":"Xiang You, Mingyang Zheng, Si Chen, Run-Ze Liu, J. Qin, Mo-Chi Xu, Zhenbin Ge, T. Chung, Yu-Kun Qiao, Yang-Fan Jiang, Han-Sen Zhong, Ming-Cheng Chen, Hui Wang, Yu-Ming He, Xiuping Xie, Hao Li, L. You, C. Schneider, Juan Yin, Teng-Yun Chen, M. Benyoucef, Y. Huo, S. Höfling, Qiang Zhang, Chaoyang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-691995/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-691995/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the quest to realize a scalable quantum network, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer distinct advantages including high single-photon efficiency and indistinguishability, high repetition rate (tens of GHz with Purcell enhancement), interconnectivity with spin qubits, and a scalable on-chip platform. However, in the past two decades, the visibility of quantum interference between independent QDs rarely went beyond the classical limit of 50% and the distances were limited from a few meters to kilometers. Here, we report quantum interference between two single photons from independent QDs separated by 302 km optical fiber. The single photons are generated from resonantly driven single QDs deterministically coupled to microcavities. Quantum frequency conversions are used to eliminate the QD inhomogeneity and shift the emission wavelength to the telecommunication band. The observed interference visibility is 0.67pm0.02 (0.93pm0.04) without (with) temporal filtering. Feasible improvements can further extend the distance to ~600 km. Our work represents a key step to long-distance solid-state quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85171225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Measurement of Entropy and Quantum Coherence Properties of Two Type-I Entangled Photonic Qubits 两个i型纠缠光子量子比特的熵和量子相干性测量

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-597657/V1

M. A., Madani Sa, Vayaghan Ns

{"title":"Measurement of Entropy and Quantum Coherence Properties of Two Type-I Entangled Photonic Qubits","authors":"M. A., Madani Sa, Vayaghan Ns","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-597657/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-597657/V1","url":null,"abstract":"Using the type-I SPDC process in BBO nonlinear crystal (NLC), we generate a polarization-entangled state near to the maximally-entangled Bell-state with high-visibility $ 98.50 pm 1.33 ~ % $ ($ 87.71 pm 4.45 ~ % $) for HV (DA) basis. We calculate the CHSH version of the Bell inequality, as a nonlocal realism test, and find a strong violation from the classical physics or any hidden variable theory (HVT), $ S= 2.71 pm 0.10 $. Via measuring the coincidence count (CC) rate in the SPDC process, we obtain the quantum efficiency of single-photon detectors (SPDs) around $ (25.5pm 3.4) % $, which is in good agreement to their manufacturer company. As expected, we verify the linear dependency of the CC rate vs. pump power of input CW-laser, which may yield to find the effective second-order susceptibility crystal. Using the theory of the measurement of qubits, includes a tomographic reconstruction of quantum states due to the linear set of 16 polarization-measurement, together with a maximum-likelihood-technique (MLT), which is based on the numerical optimization, we calculate the physical non-negative definite density matrices, which implies on the non-separability and entanglement of prepared state. By having the maximum likelihood density operator, we calculate precisely the entanglement measures such as Concurrence, entanglement of formation, tangle, logarithmic negativity, and different entanglement entropies such as linear entropy, Von-Neumann entropy, and Renyi 2-entropy.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84981495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iterative qubit-excitation based variational quantum eigensolver 基于迭代量子位激励的变分量子特征解算器

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-404173/V1

Y. Yordanov, V. Armaos, C. Barnes, D. Arvidsson-Shukur

{"title":"Iterative qubit-excitation based variational quantum eigensolver","authors":"Y. Yordanov, V. Armaos, C. Barnes, D. Arvidsson-Shukur","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-404173/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-404173/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Molecular simulations with the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) are a promising application for emerging noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.\u0000Constructing accurate molecular ansatze that are easy to optimize and implemented by shallow quantum circuits is crucial for the successful implementation of such simulations. \u0000Ansatze are, generally, constructed as\u0000series of fermionic-excitation evolutions.\u0000Instead, we demonstrate the usefulness of constructing ansatze with ``qubit-excitation evolutions', which, contrary to fermionic excitation evolutions, obey ``qubit commutation relations'.\u0000We show that qubit excitation evolutions, despite the lack of some of the physical features of fermionic excitation evolutions, accurately construct ansatze, while requiring asymptotically\u0000fewer gates.\u0000Utilizing qubit excitation evolutions, we introduce the iterative qubit excitation based VQE (IQEB-VQE) algorithm.\u0000The IQEB-VQE performs molecular simulations using a problem-tailored ansatz, grown iteratively by appending evolutions of single and double qubit excitation operators.\u0000By performing numerical simulations for small molecules, we benchmark the IQEB-VQE, and compare it against other competitive VQE algorithms.\u0000In terms of circuit efficiency and time complexity, we find that the IQEB-VQE systematically outperforms the previously most circuit-efficient, practically scalable VQE algorithms.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80658391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Enhanced-coherence all-nitride superconducting qubit epitaxially grown on Si substrate 在硅衬底外延生长的增强相干全氮超导量子比特

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-343585/V1

Sunmi Kim, H. Terai, T. Yamashita, W. Qiu, T. Fuse, F. Yoshihara, S. Ashhab, K. Inomata, K. Semba

{"title":"Enhanced-coherence all-nitride superconducting qubit epitaxially grown on Si substrate","authors":"Sunmi Kim, H. Terai, T. Yamashita, W. Qiu, T. Fuse, F. Yoshihara, S. Ashhab, K. Inomata, K. Semba","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-343585/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-343585/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We have developed superconducting qubits based on NbN/AlN/NbN epitaxial Josephson junctions on Si substrates which promise to overcome the drawbacks of qubits based on Al/AlOx/Al junctions. The all-nitride qubits have great advantages such as chemical stability against oxidation (resulting in fewer two-level fluctuators), feasibility for epitaxial tunnel barriers (further reducing energy relaxation and dephasing), and a larger superconducting gap of ~ 5.2 meV for NbN compared to ~ 0.3 meV for Al (suppressing the excitation of quasiparticles). Replacing conventional MgO by a Si substrate with a TiN buffer layer for epitaxial growth of nitride junctions, we demonstrate a qubit energy relaxation time ({T}_{1}=16.3 {mu }text{s}) and a spin-echo dephasing time ({T}_{2}=21.5 {mu }text{s}). These significant improvements in quantum coherence are explained by the reduced dielectric loss compared to previously reported NbN-based qubits with MgO substrates (({T}_{1}approx {T}_{2}approx 0.5 {mu }text{s})). These results are an important step towards constructing a new platform for superconducting quantum hardware.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80443633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Modelling Markovian light-matter interactions for quantum optical devices in the solid state 模拟固态量子光学器件的马尔可夫光-物质相互作用

arXiv: Quantum Physics Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.11575/PRISM/38687

S. Wein

{"title":"Modelling Markovian light-matter interactions for quantum optical devices in the solid state","authors":"S. Wein","doi":"10.11575/PRISM/38687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/38687","url":null,"abstract":"The desire to understand the interaction between light and matter has stimulated centuries of research, leading to technological achievements that have shaped our world. One contemporary frontier of research into light-matter interaction considers regimes where quantum effects dominate. By understanding and manipulating these quantum effects, a vast array of new quantum-enhanced technologies become accessible. In this thesis, I explore and analyze fundamental components and processes for quantum optical devices with a focus on solid-state quantum systems. This includes indistinguishable single-photon sources, deterministic sources of entangled photonic states, photon-heralded entanglement generation between remote quantum systems, and deterministic optically-mediated entangling gates between local quantum systems. For this analysis, I make heavy use of an analytic quantum trajectories approach applied to a general Markovian master equation of an optically-active quantum system, which I introduce as a photon-number decomposition. This approach allows for many realistic system imperfections, such as emitter pure dephasing, spin decoherence, and measurement imperfections, to be taken into account in a straightforward and comprehensive way.","PeriodicalId":8484,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77915727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2