Asian journal of anesthesiology最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Study to Confirm the Endotracheal Tube Placement Using Ultrasonography and Standard Auscultation Method in Children.","authors":"Neha Sinha, Nandita Kad, Mayuri Golhar, Disha Gupta, Anshul Anshul, Prakriti Bishnoi","doi":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0006","DOIUrl":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In pediatric patients due to shorter trachea suboptimal positioning of endotracheal tube (ETT) is seen in 20%-50% of patients triggering grave complications. We compared standard auscultation and ultrasound-guided lung sliding to confirm the position of ETT in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five pediatric patients between 2-8 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I and II scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were studied. The position of ETT was confirmed by chest auscultation for the breath sounds bilaterally and by ultrasound on the same sites for lung-sliding signs. The data obtained were compared to findings on waveform capnography. Study outcomes included position of the ETT; tracheal or esophageal, accuracy of diagnosis and time taken till confirming the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to waveform capnography findings, an ultrasound revealed a sensitivity of 94.31%, a specificity of 72.33%, and an accuracy of 90.7% while that for standard auscultation were 82.8%, 47.28%, and 74.67%, respectively. The mean time taken for confirmation of ETT position was significantly shorter with waveform capnography (10.29 ± 2.25 s) compared to auscultation (12.96 ± 2.23 s) and ultrasonography (USG) (14.28 ± 3.77 s).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Confirmation of ETT position using USG or waveform capnography is essential because of high false results using standard auscultation alone. Ultrasound-guided lung sliding method is a simple, fast, and a reliable method used for detecting tube malposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 3","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl and Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Richa Richa, Dinesh Sood, Sanjay Kumar, M Rupinder Singh, Namrata Goyal","doi":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0005","DOIUrl":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>The duration and potency of the subarachnoid block (SAB) can be enhanced by incorporating spinal additives into local anesthetics. In this study, the effectiveness of intrathecal fentanyl and magnesium sulphate as adjuvant anesthetics to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine is compared in regard to the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, along with circulatory variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After authorization of ethical committee , 100 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I and II, were chosen and split into two groups with 50 patients each. A SAB was administered; Group 1 was given 2.5 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 0.5 mL of fentanyl (25 μg), and Group 2 received 2.5 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine + 0.2 mL of magnesium sulphate (100 mg). 0.3 mL of distilled water was added to both groups making an intrathecal drug volume of 3.0 mL. Perioperative circulatory parameters and sensory and motor block features are noted and compared. Version 21.0 of Statistical Package for the Social for Windows was used for all statistical calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 1 had a faster onset of sensory and motor block in comparison to Group 2. However, both groups were statistically similar with regard to the duration of sensory and motor blockade, visual analog scale scores, intra and postoperative hemodynamic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>0.5 mL fentanyl functions as a better spinal adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine compared to magnesium sulphate, block but both the agents had similar duration of block, postoperative analgesia and hemodynamic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 3","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Analgesia With Extended-Release Dinalbuphine Sebacate for Perioperative Management: Expert Opinion and Consensus.","authors":"Sing-Ong Lee, Chueng-He Lu, Kee-Ming Man, Kuang-I Cheng, Chih-Shung Wong, Wei-Zen Sun","doi":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0004","DOIUrl":"10.6859/aja.202309_61(3).0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The insufficient treatment of postoperative pain is considered a major barrier to enhanced patient recovery following surgery. Opioids remain the standard therapy for postoperative pain; however, the epidemic crisis of opioid abuse in the US has resulted in opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia (MMA) strategies in anesthesia practice. Complete perioperative pain management, particularly after discharge, may be undermined, resulting in chronic postsurgical pain. Thus, anesthesiologists and pain physicians should provide comprehensive MMA guidance for perioperative pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Taiwan Pain Society organized a working group, which included experts in the field of anesthesia, pain, and surgery. This group performed an extensive literature search, quality review, and drafted a consensus, which was discussed by experts and edited for feedback. Recommendations covered consent instruction, treatment interventions, intramuscular injection techniques, and prophylaxis for postoperative adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This consensus included (1) a comparison of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics between nalbuphine and dinalbuphine sebacate, (2) recommendations to help clinicians establish MMA with extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate injection, and (3) management of common adverse events during the perioperative pain period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extended-release dinalbuphine sebacate combined with the MMA strategy can reduce the medical burden and improve the quality of recovery following surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 3","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Responses to Pneumoperitoneum During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.","authors":"Rashna Shakya, S. Maharjan","doi":"10.6859/aja.202307/PP.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202307/PP.0001","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Dexmedetomidine is a potent α_2 agonist which has been used for blunting the stress responses during critical events such as laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, pneumoperitoneum creation, and extubation. The purpose of this study was to see the efficacy of intravenously administered dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 mcg/kg in attenuating the hemodynamic responses due to pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Sixty patients, ASA-PS class I (American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status class I), aged between 18 and 60 years, of either sex with weight ranging from 50 to 80 kg, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups (groups A and B) in a double-blinded fashion. Both groups were pre-medicated with an injection glycopyrrolate. Group A received 100 mL normal saline (NS) over 10 minutes while group B received dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg diluted in 100 mL NS over 10 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were noted.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Following pneumoperitoneum, there was no statistically significant difference in the hemodynamic parameters between the two groups (P > 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Administration of dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.5 mcg/kg before induction did not blunt the hemodynamic responses to pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Nasal Cannula Versus Face Mask With Reservoir Bag in Postoperative Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Thitinuch Ruenhunsa, Panyaporn Chinsatit, Saranyoo Nonphiaraj, S. Sucher, Sarinya Chanthawong, Wilawan Somdee, Peerapong Sangsungnern","doi":"10.6859/aja.202307/PP.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202307/PP.0002","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000High-concentration oxygen delivery via a face mask (FM) with a reservoir bag is a common practice to prevent postoperative hypoxemia; however, it may also lead to atelectasis and other respiratory complications. Lower concentrations delivered via nasal cannula (NC) may be equally effective in preventing postoperative hypoxemia. The present study aimed to compare peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO_2) delivered via NC versus FM with a reservoir bag in patients who have undergone general anesthesia (GA).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Eighty-four patients scheduled for GA were randomized to receive either oxygen via NC (NC group, n = 42) or FM with a reservoir bag (FM group, n = 42) for 30 minutes after GA at a postanesthesia care unit (PACU). All patients were assessed based on SpO_2 value, adverse events, and patient satisfaction (measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The overall difference between groups in the change of SpO_2 over 30 minutes at the PACU was -0.004 (95% confidence interval, -0.015 to 0.008; P = 0.527). SpO_2 during the first five minutes was lower in NC group, but the difference was not statistically significant. No desaturation occurred in either group, and there was no observed difference between groups in terms of adverse events. Patient satisfaction scores were also similar (P = 0.612).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Oxygen supplementation via NC and via FM with a reservoir bag were equally effective in preventing postoperative hypoxemia after GA.","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42572022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Remimazolam in Procedural Sedation.","authors":"Geng-Ci Chen, Shih-Syuan Lin, Po-An Lin, W. Tseng, C‐H. Lu","doi":"10.6859/aja.202306/PP.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202306/PP.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Remimazolam is a recently approved benzodiazepine for procedural sedation in Taiwan. It is a new type of short-acting γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist with the characteristics of non-organ-dependent metabolism, no injection pain, and inactive metabolites. Remimazolam has a mild cardiopulmonary suppressive effect, showing good effectiveness and safety in clinical applications, especially in the elderly, critically ill patients, or patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency. This review aims to provide an overview of the specific basic and clinical pharmacology of remimazolam and provide scientific support for the clinical application of this novel sedative drug in procedural sedation.","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47357586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Closed-Loop Propofol Anesthesia Versus Desflurane Inhalation Anesthesia in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Randomized Analysis of Recovery Profile.","authors":"Amitabha Dutta, Nitin Sethi, G. D. Puri, J. Sood, P. Choudhary, Anil Kumar Jain, Bhuwan C. Panday, Manish Gupta","doi":"10.6859/aja.202306/PP.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202306/PP.0001","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Precision general anesthesia (GA) techniques that minimize the presence of residual anesthetic and facilitate recovery, are desirable in patients with morbid obesity. Automated administration of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), which facilitates precision propofol delivery by factoring in continuous patient input variable (bispectral index) to establish a closed feedback loop system, may help mitigate concerns related to propofol's lipid solubility and adverse accumulation kinetics in patients with morbid obesity. This randomized study evaluated the recovery of patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery under propofol TIVA automated by a closed-loop anesthesia delivery system (CLADS) versus desflurane GA.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Forty patients, randomly allocated to receive propofol TIVA (CLADS group) or desflurane GA (desflurane group), were evaluated for postoperative recovery (early and intermediate) (primary objective); they were evaluated for intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthesia depth consistency, anesthesia delivery performance characteristics, patient satisfaction, and incidence of adverse events (sedation, pain, postoperative nausea, and vomiting) (secondary objective).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No difference was found for the time-to-eye-opening (CLADS group: 4.7 [3.0, 6.7] min vs. desflurane group: 5.6 [4.0, 6.9] min, P = 0.576), time-to-tracheal-extubation (CLADS group: 6.7 [4.7, 9.3] min vs. desflurane group: 7.0 [5.8, 9.2] min, P = 0.528), ability-to-shift score from operating room table to the transport bed (CLADS group: 3 [3.0, 3.5] vs. desflurane group: 3 [3.0, 4.0], P = 0.703), and time to achieve a modified Aldrete score 9/10 (CLADS group: 15 [15.0, 37.5] min vs. desflurane group: 15 [15.0, 43.7] min, P = 0.867).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Automated propofol TIVA as administered by CLADS, which matched desflurane GA with respect to depth of anesthesia consistency and postanesthesia recovery profile, can be explored further as an alternative anesthesia technique in patients with morbid obesity.","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Remimazolam in Procedural Sedation.","authors":"Geng-Ci Chen,&nbsp;Shih-Syuan Lin,&nbsp;Po-An Lin,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Tseng,&nbsp;Chueng-He Lu","doi":"10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remimazolam is a recently approved benzodiazepine for procedural sedation in Taiwan. It is a new type of short-acting γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist with the characteristics of non-organ-dependent metabolism, no injection pain, and inactive metabolites. Remimazolam has a mild cardiopulmonary suppressive effect, showing good effectiveness and safety in clinical applications, especially in the elderly, critically ill patients, or patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency. This review aims to provide an overview of the specific basic and clinical pharmacology of remimazolam and provide scientific support for the clinical application of this novel sedative drug in procedural sedation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 2","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10250315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VivaSight Double-Lumen Tube Versus Conventional Double-Lumen Tube for One-Lung Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mahfouz Sharapi,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Samahy,&nbsp;Marwa Abdelazim Rizk,&nbsp;Ahmed Gadallah,&nbsp;Adel Mouffokes,&nbsp;Khaled Albakri","doi":"10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0002","DOIUrl":"10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the safety and effectiveness of VivaSight double-lumen tubes (VS-DLTs) in one-lung ventilation (OLV) compared to conventional DLTs (c-DLTs). The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement's guidelines. From the database's inception to December 2022, we searched seven different databases. We included 364 patients from six randomized controlled trials who were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring OLV. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was utilized to determine the risk of bias. The odds ratio (OR) was estimated for categorical variables, while the mean difference was calculated for continuous variables. Patients were randomly assigned to the VS-DLT or c-DLT group. The results revealed that patients in the c-DLT group have longer intubation time than the VS-DLT patients (mean difference [MD] = -90.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], -161.33 to -18.69; P = 0.01). Significantly, more secretions were present in the VS-DLT group than in the c-DLT group (OR = 4.24; CI, 1.96 to 9.13; P = 0.0002). Also, the fiberoptic bronchoscope was used more frequently in the c-DLT group compared to the VS-DLT group (OR = 0.01 [0.00, 0.07]; P < 0.00001). We found that VS-DLT was safe as the pooled analysis showed no significant difference according to side effects such as hoarseness and sore throat. The other outcomes, such as dislodgement, the clearance of secretions, and the quality of lung deflation (excellent), were non-significant between the two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 2","pages":"46-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10209687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Nasal Cannula Versus Face Mask With Reservoir Bag in Postoperative Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Thitinuch Ruenhunsa,&nbsp;Panyaporn Chinsatit,&nbsp;Saranyoo Nonphiaraj,&nbsp;Siwalai Sucher,&nbsp;Sarinya Chanthawong,&nbsp;Wilawan Somdee,&nbsp;Peerapong Sangsungnern","doi":"10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6859/aja.202306_61(2).0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-concentration oxygen delivery via a face mask (FM) with a reservoir bag is a common practice to prevent postoperative hypoxemia; however, it may also lead to atelectasis and other respiratory complications. Lower concentrations delivered via nasal cannula (NC) may be equally effective in preventing postoperative hypoxemia. The present study aimed to compare peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO_2) delivered via NC versus FM with a reservoir bag in patients who have undergone general anesthesia (GA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-four patients scheduled for GA were randomized to receive either oxygen via NC (NC group, n = 42) or FM with a reservoir bag (FM group, n = 42) for 30 minutes after GA at a postanesthesia care unit (PACU). All patients were assessed based on SpO_2 value, adverse events, and patient satisfaction (measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall difference between groups in the change of SpO_2 over 30 minutes at the PACU was -0.004 (95% confidence interval, -0.015 to 0.008; P = 0.527). SpO_2 during the first five minutes was lower in NC group, but the difference was not statistically significant. No desaturation occurred in either group, and there was no observed difference between groups in terms of adverse events. Patient satisfaction scores were also similar (P = 0.612).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oxygen supplementation via NC and via FM with a reservoir bag were equally effective in preventing postoperative hypoxemia after GA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8482,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of anesthesiology","volume":"61 2","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10314437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}