Comparative social research最新文献_第2页

From Neutral Competence to Competent Neutrality? Revisiting Neutral Competence as the Core Normative Foundation of Western Bureaucracy 从中立能力到胜任中立？对中立能力作为西方官僚主义核心规范基础的再认识

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033008

Thurid Hustedt, H. Salomonsen

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引用次数: 8

The Building of the Scandinavian States: Establishing Weberian Bureaucracy and Curbing Corruption from the Mid-Seventeenth to the End of the Nineteenth Century 斯堪的纳维亚国家的建设：从17世纪中期到19世纪末建立韦伯官僚制度与遏制腐败

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033013

M. Jensen

{"title":"The Building of the Scandinavian States: Establishing Weberian Bureaucracy and Curbing Corruption from the Mid-Seventeenth to the End of the Nineteenth Century","authors":"M. Jensen","doi":"10.1108/S0195-631020180000033013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The Scandinavian states are universally seen as very well-functioning bureaucracies with some of the lowest levels of corruption in the world. In scholarly debates on state building, Francis Fukuyama has used the Scandinavian countries and the phrase ‘getting to Denmark’ as a metaphor for the apparent mystery of how states can come to be governed by well-developed bureaucracies and highly functioning state institutions. This chapter presents a study of state institutions and bureaucracy in Denmark–Norway and Sweden over a 250-year period from the mid-seventeenth to the end of the nineteenth century. The study demonstrates how bureaucracies conforming to Weber’s later model were gradually established in the Scandinavian monarchies in this period. The chapter also presents the results of three empirical studies of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which indicate how the level of corruption in the state administration had been limited by the middle of the nineteenth century. In Denmark, the institutional framework set up after the establishment of the absolute monarchy in 1660, along with continuing reforms to improve the administration in the period of absolutism between 1660 and 1849, came to form an important basis for an administrative culture based on the rule of law. In Sweden the rule shifted between absolutism and constitutionalism, but both the Danish–Norwegian and the Swedish monarchies saw the establishment of strong and comprehensive state hierarchies with a king at the top level who set out to guarantee the rule of law and attempted to be merciful to his subjects. Lutheranism played a decisive and durable role as moral backbone in Scandinavian societies and in the establishment of a shared political culture. These elements, in combination with the establishment of Weberian-type bureaucracy, had, by the end of the nineteenth century, worked to limit corruption in the state administration of the Scandinavian countries.","PeriodicalId":84475,"journal":{"name":"Comparative social research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Codification and Ethos of Office: Contextualising a Codex-solution Introduced in the Danish Central Administration 编纂和办公室风气:丹麦中央行政部门引入的法典解决方案的语境化

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033017

Thomas Lopdrup-Hjorth, Anne Roelsgaard Obling

引用次数: 1

Prelims 预备考试

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/s0195-631020180000033001

引用次数: 0

Nordic Bureaucracy beyond New Public Management 超越新公共管理的北欧官僚主义

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033014

C. Greve, Per Lægreid, L. H. Rykkja

引用次数: 2

The Impact and Interpretation of Weber’s Bureaucratic Ideal Type in Organisation Theory and Public Administration 韦伯的官僚主义理想类型对组织理论和公共行政的影响及解释

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033006

Haldor Byrkjeflot

{"title":"The Impact and Interpretation of Weber’s Bureaucratic Ideal Type in Organisation Theory and Public Administration","authors":"Haldor Byrkjeflot","doi":"10.1108/S0195-631020180000033006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033006","url":null,"abstract":"It is doubtful whether Max Weber would have been appreciative of his current status as the father of organisation theory. Weber did not develop the concept of bureaucracy as part of a quest to advance a science of organisations, or in order to do a microanalysis of the internal structure of particular organisational units. The concept of bureaucracy was an ideal-typical concept developed as a point of departure for comparisons across historical periods and geographic settings. Weber’s research was motivated by macroscopic and historical questions such as ‘why did capitalism develop in the West’ and, ‘how do persons in the West and other civilizations attach meaning to their activities?’ Unlike consultants and organisation theorists that make use of him today, it was not a major concern for Weber to develop criteria for the most efficient kinds of organisations. Rather, his concern was to identify variations in administrative and bureaucratic cultures and patterns by the means of the bureaucratic ideal type. It is maintained in modern textbooks in organisation theory that there has been a development from a closed and rationalistic paradigm towards an understanding of organisations as open and natural systems, and Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy is taken as a point of departure for this kind of narrative. This classification of Weber as an example of a rational and closed approach is highly questionable. The cross-societal and historical approach used so effectively by Weber, is put on a sidetrack in such mainstream narratives. It would be more in the spirit of Weber to focus on organising as an activity, bureaucracy as an ethos and to study organisations within their particular political and cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":84475,"journal":{"name":"Comparative social research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42662460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A New Organisation of Public Administration: From Internal to External Control 新的公共行政组织:从内部控制到外部控制

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033015

K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, Thomas Carrington, K. Jeppesen, Külli Taro

{"title":"A New Organisation of Public Administration: From Internal to External Control","authors":"K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, Thomas Carrington, K. Jeppesen, Külli Taro","doi":"10.1108/S0195-631020180000033015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Since the 1970s the Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) have gradually expanded their role as external controllers of the public administration. Instead of merely controlling whether accounts are according to standards they have taken on a role as evaluators with a mandate to assess whether the public administration works economically, efficiently and effectively. With this new regime of external control, the question arises whether the SAIs’ control, in practice, contributes to a more efficient and effective public sector. Whether this external control will be effective depends, in the end, on the extent to which the organisations learn from the control they are subjected to and make actual changes. The chapter uses theories of cultural differences and theories on control within public administration to understand civil servant perceptions of SAI results. Data on civil servants’ reactions to the SAIs’ performance audit in four countries are analysed to see whether performance audits have any impact on the audited entities. The research is based on 696 responses to questionnaires sent out to civil servants in three different Nordic countries plus one new democracy in northern Europe, Estonia.","PeriodicalId":84475,"journal":{"name":"Comparative social research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47842755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anti-bureaucratic Identities among Top Bureaucrats? Societal Norms and Professional Practices among Senior Civil Servants in Britain, France and Norway 高层官僚中的反官僚身份？英国、法国和挪威高级公务员的社会规范和职业实践

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033010

Marte Mangset

{"title":"Anti-bureaucratic Identities among Top Bureaucrats? Societal Norms and Professional Practices among Senior Civil Servants in Britain, France and Norway","authors":"Marte Mangset","doi":"10.1108/S0195-631020180000033010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000How do top bureaucrats define, in their own words, their professional identity and the norms they work by? Do they define them in line with a Weberian ideal type of the bureaucrat and bureaucratic norms? Or rather by a modernised entrepreneurial ideal type, often associated with New Public Management reforms? Further, what can such self-presentations tell us about professional norms operating in top bureaucrats’ daily work, and about institutional or wider societal logics guiding the non-elected, administrative side of contemporary government? The top officials, the senior civil servants in central ministries, who take part in policy-making and serve the political leadership, have a specific role distinct from that of the politicians and are guided by professional norms. Scholars focusing on this level of top bureaucrats have described their professional norms as being about serving the elected politicians loyally, but also contributing technical and thematic expertise independent of political considerations and ensuring that policy is developed according to legal standards. This chapter investigates how top bureaucrats themselves define those norms and that role – is it in line with an ideal close to Weberian ideal type characteristics, or not?","PeriodicalId":84475,"journal":{"name":"Comparative social research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45361730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Outcome-based Performance Management Systems: Experiences from the Danish and Swedish Tax Agencies 基于成果的绩效管理制度：丹麦和瑞典税务机构的经验

Comparative social research Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI: 10.1108/S0195-631020180000033009

Karen Boll

{"title":"Outcome-based Performance Management Systems: Experiences from the Danish and Swedish Tax Agencies","authors":"Karen Boll","doi":"10.1108/S0195-631020180000033009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This chapter focuses on the use of outcome-based performance management systems within public administration. It reports two qualitative case studies from respectively the Danish Tax and Customs Administration and the Swedish Tax Agency. Both of these administrations use outcome-based performance management systems to steer subsets of their administrative work. The chapter shows that the systems respond to broader demands for accounting for outcomes, yet, the systems also operate in very different ways. The Danish case shows a quantitative system which measures on a daily basis, the Swedish case shows a qualitative system which measures on a four to five-year basis. What is striking about both cases is that they balance meeting the demands for accounting for diffuse outcomes, with developing measurements that ‘fit’ local contingent concerns. While much of the current research on performance management systems in public administration is critical and stresses the downsides of such systems, this chapter shows that these systems should not always be assumed to be connected to gaming, strategic behaviour and/or reductionism. Instead, the performance management systems can be seen as attempts to reconcile and make ends meet in ‘post-bureaucratic’ organisations that are increasingly expected to account for rather diffuse and abstract outcomes and expected at the same time to steer and prioritise daily administrative work.","PeriodicalId":84475,"journal":{"name":"Comparative social research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/S0195-631020180000033009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44142332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Family decline, poverty, and social exclusion: the mediating effects of family policy. 家庭衰落、贫困和社会排斥:家庭政策的中介效应。

Comparative social research Pub Date : 1999-01-01

A Sorenson

引用次数: 0