Bangladesh journal of microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Identification and Differentiation of Closely Related Members of Bacillus cereus Group by Multiplex PCR","authors":"S. Roy, Avirup Saha, Shafayet Imtiaze Khan, M. Hasan, M. Karim, M. Akhter, M. Hoq, S. Khan","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v39i1.64055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v39i1.64055","url":null,"abstract":"Highly similar genetic and phenotypic traits of at least eight bacterial species forming the ‘Bacillus cereus group’ create their precise identification and differentiation quite difficult. The present study explores the applicability of a previously suggested multiplex-PCR method for the accurate identification of the candidate Bacillus species. Out of the 257 Bacillus isolates collected from soil, 44 were identified as B. thuringiensis and 39 as B. cereus by chromogenic cultural method using Bacillus agar, although few of them shared similar colony characteristics. Identification by the multiplex PCR in a thermo cycler using 5 different sets of primer-pairs, however produced distinct amplification corresponding to the bacterial species. Four of those pairs, named BMSH, BCJH, BTJH and BASH were designed based on gyrB gene that produced amplicons of four different sizes: 604, 475, 299 and 253 bp and were specific for B. mycoides, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis respectively. The remaining one of the sets was used as an internal control which was a universal primerpair, BCGSH, designed targeting a housekeeping gene, groEL that could produce an amplicon of 400 bp in polymerase chain reactions for all members of the B. cereus group, When probing the chromosomes extracted from 257 Bacillus isolates by multiplex PCR; 48, 39 and 5 were identified as B. thuringiensis, B. cereus, and B. anthracis respectively, however the rest of the isolates did not any amplification. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree, constructed based on partial sequences of 16S rRNA genes of selected isolates including the reference strain of B. thuringiensis (HD-73, sotto) could not differentiate the species, instead posited those in a single cluster. The multiplex PCR, therefore, proved to be a sensitive and reliable method for the identification of the bacterial candidates of Bacillus cereus group than that of cultural and rRNA gene sequence analyses. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 21-29","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde as Next Generation Antimicrobial Agents against Foodborne Pathogens: Antibacterial Efficacy and Synergistic Interaction with Nisin","authors":"Israt Dilruba Mishu, Tanzia Akter, M. Akhter, M. Hoque","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v39i1.64053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v39i1.64053","url":null,"abstract":"Foodborne infections cause substantial issues all around the world, hence food safety is a major public health concern. The goal of this research is to provide information to the scientific community on the possible application of two plant essential oil molecules, Carvacrol (CAR) and Cinnamaldehyde (CN), as next-generation antimicrobials in the fight against foodborne pathogens. CAR and CN demonstrated outstanding dose-dependent antibacterial efficacy against 10 foodborne pathogens. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were suitably inhibited by the drugs. Antimicrobial activity of 10% v/v CAR and CN was much higher than that of the conventional antibiotic azithromycin (15g/disc). The study discovered that CAR and CN have very low MIC values (0.08% to 0.31% v/v), indicating that the compounds are efficacious even at very low concentrations. Even at 0.16% concentration, combining CAR and CN with Nisin (a widely available natural preservative) exhibited substantial synergism, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.5- 12.38 mm, decreasing the dose required to produce sufficient antimicrobial action. The findings imply that CAR and CN combined with nisin can be used as a natural antibacterial agent to limit the growth of foodborne pathogens and as a natural food preservative. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 39, Number 1, June 2022, pp 7-14","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49006063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) Activities of Rhizobial Isolates from Sesbania bispinosa in Response to Pesticides","authors":"Moumita Chakrabarty, Farhad Hossen, A. Begum, H. Akhter","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58090","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of some pesticides on the plant growth promoting activities of Rhizobium spp. isolated from Sesbania bispinosa. Sustainability and environmental safety of agricultural production relies on eco-friendly approaches like use of biofertilizers, biopesticides and crop residue return. The plant growth promoters (PGP) emphasize the need for further strengthening the research and their use in modern agriculture. PGPs inhabit the rhizosphere for nutrients from plant root exudates. On return, they help to increase plant growth through soil nutrient enrichment by nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore and phytohormone production, etc. Using pesticide/insecticide in the field may protect the plants from undesirable organisms, however, if accumulated in the habitat may adversely affect the growth and development of non-target lives like the rhizobacteria. The present study was performed to demonstrate the influence of pesticides on plant growth promoting activities of rhizobial isolates from Sesbania bispinosa known as green manure among farmers of Bangladesh. It was observed that two pesticides/insecticides (Imitaf 20SL and Tilt 250EC) in vitro shows variable effect on the plant growth promoting activities of the rhizobial isolates. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 31-37","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49028823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sewage Samples of Hospitals in Different Regions of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Rasel Mahmud, T. Arafat, Md Tauhidul Islam Tanim, M. Rahaman, S. R. Rahman, Md. Majibur Rahman","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58091","url":null,"abstract":"Escherichia coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria found in the environment, foods and intestines of humans and animals. This study was carried out to observe the genotypic variations in E. coli found at different regions in Bangladesh using Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) of the 16S rDNA and RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Sewage samples were collected from different medical college hospitals and a total of 118 samples were observed in this study of which 26 were identified as E. coli based on their cultural, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out where most isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, Rifampicin and Erythromycin; and some were resistant to kanamycin, ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Azithromycin; besides 73% (N=19 out of 26) of the test isolates were multi-drug resistant. Results of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that none of the isolates carried Stx1, Stx2 and LT gene. Two genotypic groups were found from Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) by Alu1 restriction enzyme and seven different Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns were found. After analyzing, it was found that 24 out of 26 isolates showed similarity with Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 and the remaining two isolates showed similarity with Escherichia coli strain Mui T5 based on the restriction patterns of ARDRA and sequences of 16S rDNA. From the study, it was concluded that Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 was more prevalent than Escherichia coli strain Mui T5 isolated from sewage sample of hospitals from different regions of Bangladesh. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 39-44","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Novel Thermotolerant Methane Oxidizers from a Tropical Natural Gas Field in Bangladesh","authors":"T. Islam, Maqsud Hossain, Naushin Tabassum, Mahir Amer Haque, Hasanpour Reza, L. Øvreås","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58104","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic thermotolerant methane oxidizers utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source, and predominantly they are associated with the phylum Proteobacteria. Here we present two further new strains (HGS-45: coccusshaped and HGF-47: rod-shaped and vibrioid) of thermotolerant obligate proteobacterial methanotrophic bacteria, which were isolated from an abandoned tropical natural gas field wet soil sample in the northeast of Bangladesh. Strains are Gram-negative, nonmotile, and capable of growth on methane and methanol as their energy sources. Isolates are thermotolerant and could grow up to 52oC, optimally at 42oC, but show no growth at 55 or 15oC. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phylogenetically, HGS-45 is most closely related to the obligate Type Ib methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus of the family Methylococcaceae, whereas HGF-47 is affiliated to Type IIa methanotroph Methylocystis sp. of the family Methylocystaceae and possesses Type II intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) systems. Genes of particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) and the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) were detected by PCR. Southern-blot analyses of genomic DNA from both strains were positive, implying the aerobic biological oxidation process from methane to methanol by the pMMO. Each strain presumably represents a novel species. Furthermore, both strains will increase our knowledge of thermotolerant methanotrophic proteobacterial diversity, cohabitation, and their participation to global carbon cycles as well as signifying biological methane sinks in the terrestrial natural gas field ecosystems.\u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 63-71","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43011362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Chikungunya Fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Crosssectional Study","authors":"Abiral Hasib Shourav, M. Mahbub, M. Yasmin, C. R. Ahsan, J. Nessa","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58106","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Bangladesh has documented several outbreaks of CHIKF since it was first reported in 2008. The latest CHIKF outbreak occurred in the Dhaka in 2017. In this study, a serosurvey of the 2017 outbreak was conducted during its peak. The study involved the assessment of CHIKV immunoreactions among participants suffering from CHIKF related symptoms. One hundred blood samples were collected from patients suffering from CHIKF-associated symptoms and were subsequently tested for the presence of anti-CHIKV IgM and/or IgG antibodies. Data based on clinical symptoms and the demographics of the participants were recorded and analyzed. Seventy-four percent of the studied patients (n = 100) possessed anti-CHIKV antibodies. Among this seropositive group (n = 74), almost 62% contained anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, whereas 10% contained only anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies indicating recent infection. Anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies were found in 28% of patients. Among the symptoms examined, polyarthralgia showed a highly significant relationship (P < 0.001), whereas high fever and the presence of rash demonstrated a significant association with CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Discoveries made on this research can better help public health officials to gain a comprehensive insight into the seroepidemiology of the condition based in the city and maintain constant vigilance against any future outbreak. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 79-85","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42481486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Safety, Visual Quality and Consumers’ Perception of Minimally- Processed Ready-to-eat Salad Vegetables Prepared and Stored at Room and Refrigeration Temperature","authors":"M. Uddin, S. Zaman, Ashfaq Aziz, Kazutaka Yamamoto, Yohiko Nakaura, M. Bari","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58103","url":null,"abstract":"Raw salad vegetables are evaluated for the consumer’s perceptions on taking ready to eat fresh cut-vegetables and the effectiveness of some non-chlorine disinfectants [peracetic acid (PAA), shell powder (SP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] in improving the microbial safety, quality and shelf life of ready to eat fresh-cut vegetables (lettuce, carrot and cucumber) at ambient and refrigeration temperature. Consumer’s perception study results identified three clusters of consumers, whose preferences are related to purchasing styles and socio-demographic variables.The overall positive attitude of consumers was evident towards convenience, taste and appearance, but safety and health benefit attributes get importance while buying the ready to eat fresh-cut vegetables.The microbiological and visual observation result demonstrated that, all the non-chlorine sanitizers used were able to decrease the bacterial population in fresh-cut vegetables initially; however, microbial population increases or remain constant or decrease depending on the types of vegetables, storage temperature and duration. In addition, among the wash-sanitizers, PAA and H2O2 showed better microbial reduction for fresh-cut lettuce, and cucumber, and SP showed better microbial reduction for fresh-cut carrot. Irrespective of sanitizer treatment refrigerated storage showed better visual quality, microbial safety and shelf life of fresh-cut produce. Therefore, this study results suggested that washing fresh-cut vegetables with produce specific sanitizer and stored at refrigerated temperature keep the quality of fresh-cut produce better compared to ambient storage.\u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 51-62","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of toxicities between Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii strains isolated from environmental samples","authors":"Tahsina Jainab, Sadid A. Hasan, M. A. Manchur, M. Yasmin, J. Nessa, C. R. Ahsan","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i2.58105","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal episodes associated with Vibrio species have been rising worldwide in the last few years. In this study, toxicities of two very well characterized V. fluvialis and V. furnissii strains, isolated from environmental samples, were used to investigate the comparative pathogenicity of these strains. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between toxin production as well as a high interspecies correlation. In the analysis of toxicity, both species showed positive results with close similarity in cell death on BHK-21 cell line and destruction of RBC, which were indicative of cytotoxic and hemolytic activity, respectively. Besides, molecular analysis showed the absence of ctx, tdh, trh, stx1 and stx2 genes. On the other hand, reduced fluid accumulation ratio in rabbit ileal loop assay and paralysis of hind legs of Swiss Albino mice were observed for V. furnissi strain, which indicates the differences in pathogenicity between the two species. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 73-77","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Compound from Stem Bark of Traditional Medicinal Plant Sonneratia apetala: Evaluation of their antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Properties","authors":"M. A. Rahman, A. A. Rus'd, Md. Enamul Haque","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55529","url":null,"abstract":"Sonneratia apetala (S. apetala) (Lythraceae) has been investigated for the isolation and characterization of antimicrobial compounds and evaluation of their biological activities. The chloroform extract of the stem bark and different partitionate of the chloroform extracts i.e. Petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF), Ethyl acetate soluble fraction(EASF), Methanol soluble fraction(MSF) and aqueous soluble fractions (ASF) were subjected to different chromatographic techniques to isolate secondary metabolites. Successive chromatographic separation and purification yielded a total of two compounds identified and characterized as Taraxerone(1) and 5,8-dihydroxy- 6-methoxy-4,9-dioxo-1,3,4,9-tetrahydronaphthol[2,3-c]furan-1-yl acetate (2) by extensive proton NMR spectrum (1H-NMRspectrum) analysis. The different partitionate like PESF, EASF, MESF and ASF were subjected to screen their antimicrobial properties against some selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi, brine shrimp lethality and antioxidant activities. The maximum zone of inhibition of chloroform extract was found against Pseudomonas sp. (16mm). All fractions showed more activity against Gram negative bacteria then Gram positive bacteria. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among all extracts, the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed significant lethality having the LC50 value of 7.72 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in terms of determination of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay). Among all the extracts of S. apetala the highest free radical scavenging activity showed by (Methanol soluble fraction) MESF with IC50 value 18.0 μg/ml. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 1-5","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca (Areca catechu L.) nuts against food borne and oral pathogens","authors":"M. Khatun, M. Hoque","doi":"10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55531","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and areca nut (Areca catechu) against six food borne enteric pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b), Salmonella typhimurium (AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 12079), and four oral pathogens such as isolates 1 & 2 of each of the two bacteria viz. Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. Ethanol extract of betel leaf produced highest zone of inhibition (18.0 ± 1.91 mm) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (icddr,b) whereas that of areca nut produced highest zone of inhibition (15.0 ± 0.816 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). But no inhibition was found against Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC AIM-40, icddr,b), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 12079) by the Ethanol extract of betel leaf. The MIC and MBC values of both ethanol extracts indicated that Gram positive organisms were more susceptible than Gram negative organisms. Highest antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of betel leaf was found against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (16.5±0.5) and that of areca nut was recorded against the isolate 1 of Staphylococcus sp. (12.0±0.5) and the isolate 2 of Pseudomonas sp. (12.0±0.5). Present study reveals the potentials of both the extracts to inhibit food borne enteric and oral pathogens that could be used as food preservatives to prevent the food borne illness as well as for maintaining the oral and gut health. \u0000Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 15-19","PeriodicalId":84251,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}