Jean M Thaw, Manuela Villa, David Reitman, Christian DeLucia, Vanessa Gonzalez, K Lori Hanson
{"title":"Evidence-based fitness promotion in an afterschool setting: implementation fidelity and its policy implications.","authors":"Jean M Thaw, Manuela Villa, David Reitman, Christian DeLucia, Vanessa Gonzalez, K Lori Hanson","doi":"10.1002/yd.20106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about how the adoption of evidence-based physical activity (PA) curricula by out-of-school time (OST) programs affects children's physical fitness, and there are no clear guidelines of what constitutes reasonable gains given the types of PA instruction currently offered in these programs. Using a three-wave, quasi-experimental, naturalistic observation design, this study evaluated the implementation of an evidence-based PA instruction curriculum (Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids [SPARK]) and examined whether the potential health benefits of evidence-based PA instruction can be replicated in this context when compared to OST programs that do not use evidence-based PA curricula. Quality of PA instruction and SPARK implementation fidelity were also assessed. Results indicated that children in the non-evidence-based/standard PA instruction programs engaged in higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and showed greater improvements in fitness levels over time. The findings from this chapter suggest that while it is generally accepted that evidence-based approaches yield higher levels of PA when implemented by researchers under controlled conditions, findings are inconsistent when evidence-based PA instruction is implemented in the field, under presumably less controlled conditions. It appears that when it comes to PA instruction in afterschool, either less structured activities or well-implemented evidence-based practices could be the key to promoting higher PA levels and greater health and fitness for school-aged children. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 143","pages":"103-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32924623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Life skills training: preventing substance misuse by enhancing individual and social competence.","authors":"Gilbert J Botvin, Kenneth W Griffin","doi":"10.1002/yd.20086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research concerning the etiology and prevention of substance misuse has led to the development of preventive interventions that are theory-based and effective. One such approach, Life Skills Training (LST), targets key etiologic factors using a conceptual framework derived from social learning theory and problem behavior theory. LST has been extensively tested in a series of randomized trials and found effective in preventing the use/misuse of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other psychoactive drugs. Research demonstrates that it is effective when implemented under different delivery conditions, by different program providers, with different age groups, and with different populations. Follow-up studies provide evidence of the long-term effectiveness of LST. Independent economic analysis indicates that LST produces cost savings of as much as $38 for every dollar invested. Finally, LST offers the potential of reducing other health risk behaviors and fostering academic success. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 141","pages":"57-65, 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32280132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federica D Vigna-Taglianti, Maria Rosaria Galanti, Gregor Burkhart, Maria Paola Caria, Serena Vadrucci, Fabrizio Faggiano
{"title":"\"Unplugged,\" a European school-based program for substance use prevention among adolescents: overview of results from the EU-Dap trial.","authors":"Federica D Vigna-Taglianti, Maria Rosaria Galanti, Gregor Burkhart, Maria Paola Caria, Serena Vadrucci, Fabrizio Faggiano","doi":"10.1002/yd.20087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The EU-Dap study aimed to develop and evaluate a school-based curriculum for the prevention of substance use among young people. The school curriculum, \"Unplugged,\" is based on social influence approach and addresses social and personal skills, knowledge, and normative beliefs. It consists of 12 one-hour interactive sessions delivered by teachers. Its effectiveness was evaluated through a randomized trial involving 7,079 pupils of seven European countries. Unplugged was effective in reducing cigarette smoking, episodes of drunkenness, and the use of cannabis at short term. This association, however, was confined to boys, with age and self-esteem as possible explanations of this difference. Beneficial effects associated with the program persisted at fifteen-month follow-up for drunkenness, alcohol-related problems, and cannabis use, and were stronger among adolescents in schools of average low socioeconomic level. These results are of scientific importance and may inform the adoption of effective public health interventions at population level. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 141","pages":"67-82, 11-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32281513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving dissemination of evidence-based programs through researcher-practitioner collaboration.","authors":"Metin Özdemir, Fabrizia Giannotta","doi":"10.1002/yd.20090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention field has achieved major advances in developing, implementing, and testing the efficacy of preventive interventions in controlled settings. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in translating the success of programs in efficacy trials into real-life settings. Dissemination of evidence-based programs is a major challenge. The authors argue that promoting adoption of evidence-based programs requires further improvements in three areas, and collaboration between researchers and practitioners. First, there is a need to develop a holistic assessment system encompassing both risk/need and readiness assessments. Second, there is need for new methods for improving implementation quality. Third, prevention research needs to focus more on identifying the mechanisms that explain how programs work and the core elements of the program. Both researchers and practitioners have roles and opportunities to collaborate to achieve developments in these areas. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 141","pages":"107-16, 13-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32281516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social capital: its constructs and survey development.","authors":"Richard P Enfield, Keith C Nathaniel","doi":"10.1002/yd.20055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reports on experiences and methods of adapting a valid adult social capital assessment to youth audiences in order to measure social capital and sense of place. The authors outline the process of adapting, revising, prepiloting, piloting, and administering a youth survey exploring young people's sense of community, involvement in the community, and the development of social capital. They then discuss the trade-offs of defining the often amorphous concepts included in social capital as they select measurement scales. The constructs used in the survey are agency, belonging, engagement, and trust for bonding, bridging, and linking forms of social capital. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2013 138","pages":"15-30, 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31599563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using multiple youth programming delivery modes to drive the development of social capital in 4-H participants.","authors":"Sharon Kinsey","doi":"10.1002/yd.20058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on how 4-H youth participants are building social capital, or connections among individuals and community members, through their 4-H experiences. These experiences can be seen through the lens of such 4-H delivery modes as the traditional 4-H club, after-school programs, and school enrichment programs. In addition, other experiences such as leadership camps and conferences or activities in the local community afford youth the opportunity to build the relationships, trust, and respect reflective of social capital. Examples are derived from 4-H program participants-urban, suburban and rural youth-in Camden County, New Jersey. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2013 138","pages":"61-73, 10-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social capital and youth development: toward a typology of program practices.","authors":"Mary Emery","doi":"10.1002/yd.20057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of our inquiry into how youth development and 4-H programming can affect the development of social capital for youth and for the community, we engaged youth in ripple mapping. Based on this information, we provide a typology of participation structures in youth development activities and the expected bridging and bonding social capital outcomes for each type. This article outlines the key factors underlying the typology and discusses strategies for using the typology to expand the impact of youth development and 4-H programming on young people and communities. It also outlines potential implications for increasing opportunities for fostering social capital leading to a spiraling-up effect for youth, volunteers, and the community. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2013 138","pages":"49-59, 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A community development approach to service-learning: building social capital between rural youth and adults.","authors":"Steven A Henness, Anna L Ball, Maryjo Moncheski","doi":"10.1002/yd.20059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using 4-H and FFA case study findings, this article explores how community service-learning supports the building of social capital between rural youth and adults and the positive effects on community viability. Key elements of practice form a community development approach to service-learning, which opens up doorways for youth to partner with adult leaders and decision makers, gain credibility as resources and problem solvers, address community issues, and raise awareness of the value of school- and community-based youth programs. Case study evidence suggests that rural 4-H and FFA youth and adults benefit from the bonding relationships they form through working together to solve community issues over time. Positive community outcomes are noted as well, including increased community capacity and community recognition. By focusing on social capital as a key outcome of community service-learning, 4-H youth and community development extension professionals, educators, and other practitioners have contributed to the viability of rural communities. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2013 138","pages":"75-95, 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Andresen, Margaret Dallapiazza, Matthew Calvert
{"title":"Engaging young people as a community development strategy in the Wisconsin Northwoods.","authors":"William Andresen, Margaret Dallapiazza, Matthew Calvert","doi":"10.1002/yd.20062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter focuses on two remote rural communities that engaged young people in meaningful community development efforts to build social capital. One community connected youth to the assets of the community and created opportunities for young adults to strengthen social networks. The other created partnerships and networks to build intergenerational trust. Both communities intentionally engaged young people in these efforts in order to sustain their communities' economic vitality. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2013 138","pages":"125-40, 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31600583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}