Charles Smith, Tom Akiva, Gina McGovern, Stephen C Peck
{"title":"Afterschool quality.","authors":"Charles Smith, Tom Akiva, Gina McGovern, Stephen C Peck","doi":"10.1002/yd.20111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter discusses efforts to define and improve the quality of afterschool services, highlighting areas of agreement and identifying leading-edge issues. We conclude that the afterschool field is especially well positioned to deliver high-quality services and demonstrate effectiveness at scale because a strong foundation has been built for continuous improvement of service quality. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32931313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer A Fredricks, Amy M Bohnert, Kimberly Burdette
{"title":"Moving beyond attendance: lessons learned from assessing engagement in afterschool contexts.","authors":"Jennifer A Fredricks, Amy M Bohnert, Kimberly Burdette","doi":"10.1002/yd.20112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth engagement is the least researched, but potentially most important, aspect of participation in afterschool programs. The level of youth engagement can vary across programs, across youth within a program, and within individual youth over time. Engagement is important for both recruiting and retaining participants, and has been associated with more positive academic outcomes over time. This chapter integrates perspectives from practitioners, researchers, and the school engagement literature. Reasons why engagement is an important dimension of afterschool programming, different methods for assessing engagement, key features of engaging afterschool programs, and implications for practice are also outlined. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32931314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural competence in afterschool programs.","authors":"Sandra D Simpkins, Nathaniel R Riggs","doi":"10.1002/yd.20116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing ethnic diversity among American youth, in combination with funding priorities often targeting underserved populations, has increased the number of diverse youth attending afterschool programs (ASPs). At present, there is little guidance on how to best design ASPs and prepare staff to support the development of these diverse youth. The fields of medicine and education have begun to explore the impact of cultural competence at the organizational, structural, and professional levels to help bridge potential cultural divides. This chapter will briefly review the literature on cultural competence and emerging evidence within ASPs. It will then provide concrete examples of how afterschool programs have infused culturally tailored content and/or staff trainings to build cultural competence. Finally, specific recommendations will be made to serve as a springboard for future research and practice. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"105-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32930222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family, school, and community partnerships: practical strategies for afterschool programs.","authors":"Matia Finn-Stevenson","doi":"10.1002/yd.20115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much attention is given today to the importance of forging family, school, and community partnerships. Growing numbers of schools, many of them with afterschool programs, are dedicating resources to support and sustain relationships with families and community-based organizations. And, among government agencies and the philanthropic sector, there is widespread recognition that schools cannot be successful if they function alone in their quest to educate our nation's children, but must work with families and in the context of the community. Although the field is enjoying unprecedented popularity and many more schools and afterschool programs are partnering with community agencies and organizations, the notion of engaging parents and the community has not yet become an integral part of school reform, and in the afterschool field, practitioners who work at the program level directly with students often struggle with how they can make partnerships a reality. This chapter draws upon lessons learned from the School of the 21st Century (21C) to provide practical strategies for reaching out to and working with families and the community. The School of the 21st Century includes an afterschool component and is one of several national initiatives that use a community school strategy. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32930221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growth-promoting relationships with children and youth.","authors":"Renée Spencer, Jean E Rhodes","doi":"10.1002/yd.20113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the heart of afterschool programs are the relationships that form between the children and youth who participate in these programs and the adults who lead them. To be effective, adults working in afterschool settings must be able to engage youth in growth-promoting relationships. This article identifies and describes four foundational ways of interacting with youth that foster the development of such relationships-engaging in warm and emotionally supportive connections, providing developmentally appropriate structure and support, cultivating and responding to youth initiative, and scaffolding and propelling youth learning and skill development. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32931315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating afterschool programs.","authors":"Priscilla M Little","doi":"10.1002/yd.20117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Well-implemented afterschool programs can promote a range of positive learning and developmental outcomes. However, not all research and evaluation studies have shown the benefits of participation, in part because programs and their evaluation were out of sync. This chapter provides practical guidance on how to foster that alignment between program and evaluation design. It begins with a discussion of why afterschool programs should develop and use a theory of change to guide program development, implementation, and evaluation. It then describes how to develop a logic model to depict program theory. It concludes with an overview of an approach to evaluation that ensures programs use evaluation information to improve and refine programming prior to using information for accountability purposes. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"119-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32930223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard M Lerner, Jun Wang, Paul A Chase, Akira S Gutierrez, Elise M Harris, Rachel O Rubin, Ceren Yalin
{"title":"Using relational developmental systems theory to link program goals, activities, and outcomes: the sample case of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development.","authors":"Richard M Lerner, Jun Wang, Paul A Chase, Akira S Gutierrez, Elise M Harris, Rachel O Rubin, Ceren Yalin","doi":"10.1002/yd.20110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contemporary developmental science, relational development systems models have been used to frame the positive youth development (PYD) perspective, which posits that youth will thrive when there is alignment between their strengths and ecological resources in their context. Evidence from the 4-H Study of PYD indicates that out-of-school-time youth development programs are key ecological resources enhancing youth thriving. This chapter discusses the particular facets of youth development programs (the \"Big Three\"-positive and sustained adult-youth relationships, skill-building activities, and youth leadership opportunities) involved in promoting youth thriving. The importance of using theory to design and implement programs is also discussed, and challenges of reaching the diversity of American youth with effective programs are noted. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32931312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavior management in afterschool settings.","authors":"Joseph L Mahoney","doi":"10.1002/yd.20114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although behavioral management is one of the most challenging aspects of working in an afterschool setting, staff do not typically receive formal training in evidence-based approaches to handling children's behavior problems. Common approaches to behavioral management such as punishment or time-out are temporary solutions because they do not identify and change the factors causing the problematic behaviors. In some cases, these approaches increase or intensify undesirable behaviors. This chapter discusses one approach to behavioral management-functional behavior assessment-that research proves effective in eliminating or reducing the occurrence of behavior problems in educational settings. </p>","PeriodicalId":83817,"journal":{"name":"New directions for youth development","volume":"2014 144","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/yd.20114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32930220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}