Antiviral Therapy最新文献

{"title":"A review of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of viral skin diseases.","authors":"Joanna Bartosińska, Dorota Kowalczuk, Paulina Szczepanik-Kułak, Mirosław Kwaśny, Dorota Krasowska","doi":"10.1177/13596535251331728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535251331728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment method making use of light energy and a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen. PDT has already proved to bring good anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in the treatment of actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ as well as in superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma. In PDT-treated lesions, infected or cancerous keratinocytes are effectively destroyed due to selective apoptosis and necrosis induced by a release of reactive oxygen species. PDT is distinguished by several features, most notably its non-invasiveness, selectivity for the target tissue, which causes fewer side effects and brings excellent cosmetic results. PDT is an effective option for treating viral diseases using a photosensitizer capable of selective accumulation in virus-infected cells not only within visible lesions, but also in subclinical disease areas where the virus is in latent form. <b>Objectives and methods:</b> This literature review presents recent reports on PDT for the treatment of viral skin infections, with a particular focus on the efficacy of this method. <b>Results:</b> The viruses that most commonly cause skin diseases include the human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). PDT inhibits the proliferation of virus-infected cells, induces apoptosis, damages lesional blood vessels, regulates local immunity and controls viral loads. An additional advantage of PDT is the short healing period and little damage to the treated tissue. Furthermore, wider use of PDT may contribute to reducing the risk of developing drug resistance. <b>Conclusion:</b> The safety of PDT makes this method an effective way to treat viral skin diseases in difficult locations, as well as in children and immunocompromised patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 2","pages":"13596535251331728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained viral suppression with once daily dolutegravir-containing regimen in presence of the strong inducer carbamazepine.","authors":"Micol Pallanza, Paul Thoueille, Myriam Briki, Susana Alves Saldanha, Matthias Cavassini, Catia Marzolini","doi":"10.1177/13596535251335080","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535251335080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dolutegravir 50 mg twice daily (BID) dosing is currently recommended in presence of strong inducers of drug metabolism. However, this dosing has been challenged by studies showing similar rates of viral suppression with dolutegravir once daily (QD) compared to BID dosing in presence of the strong inducer rifampicin. We report the case of a 41-year-old man with sustained virological suppression and documented therapeutic dolutegravir concentration on once daily dosing while treated with the strong inducer carbamazepine. Therapeutic drug monitoring can guide the need for twice daily dosing dolutegravir in presence of strong inducers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 2","pages":"13596535251335080"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study.","authors":"George Uchenna Eleje, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman, Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu, Preye Owen Fiebai, Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba, Ayyuba Rabiu, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Osita Samuel Umeononihu, Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu, Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam Ogbuagu, Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu, Emeka Philip Igbodike, Richard Obinwanne Egeonu, Ijeoma Chioma Oppah, Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye, Chike Henry Nwankwo, Stephen Okoroafor Kalu, Chisom God'swill Chigbo, Moriam Taiwo Chibuzor, Shirley Nneka Chukwurah, Chinwe Elizabeth Uzochukwu, Aishat Ahmed, Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi, Bukola Abimbola Adesoji, Ubong Inyang Anyang, Ekene Agatha Emeka, Odion Emmanuel Igue, Ogbonna Dennis Okoro, Prince Ogbonnia Aja, Chiamaka Perpetua Chidozie, Hadiza Sani Ibrahim, Fatima Ele Aliyu, Harrison Chiro Ugwuoroko, Aisha Ismaila Numan, Solace Amechi Omoruyi, Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro, Ifeanyi Kingsley Nwaeju, Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, Lydia Ijeoma Eleje, David Chibuike Ikwuka, Eric Okechukwu Umeh, Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje, Ifeoma Clara Ajuba, Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu, Uzoamaka Rufina Ebubedike, Divinefavour Echezona Malachy, Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku, Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor, Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu, Obinna Kenneth Nnabuchi, Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama, Kingsley Chidiebere Nwaogu, Rashida Khalid Yakubu, Ifunanya Anita Ezeamama, Amaka Elizabeth Agbata, Maryrose Onyinyechukwu Ikem, Kingsley Chukwuebuka Agu, Ekenedilichukwu Anselem Odiegwu, Chinedu Charles Nwankwo, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu, Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai, Olabisi Morebise Loto, Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu","doi":"10.1177/13596535251333259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535251333259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesTo determine seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates for dual and triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among pregnant women.MethodsA multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in six randomly selected tertiary hospitals from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consenting participants were tested at recruitment for triplex infections and followed-up till delivery. Retests were performed at delivery for those who tested negative for all three infections/positive for only one. Polymerase chain reaction was used for validation while rapid test kits were employed for initial screening.ResultsOf the 2775 participants recruited, 13 (0.47%; 95% CI: 0.25%-0.80%) and 4 (0.14%; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%) were seropositive for dual and triplex infections, respectively. Dual infections revealed seroprevalences of 0.22% for HIV-HBV (6/2775; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.47%), 0.14% for HIV-HCV (4/2775; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%), and 0.11% for HBV-HCV (3/2775; 95% CI: 0.02%-0.32%). Multivariable analysis highlighted significant associations between HIV/HBV co-infection and religion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.068, 95% CI: 0.006-0.757) and house ownership (aOR): 1.65 × 10^-9, 95% CI: 1.60 × 10^-9-1.70 × 10^-9). Continuing our follow-up until delivery for 2403 initial participants, 2386 did not have dual or triplex infections at the start. Upon retesting at delivery, three of these women were seropositive for a dual infection of HIV and HBV, giving a seroconversion rate of 0.12% (95% CI: 0.03% to 0.37%). MTCT rate stood at 0% at 6-week post-delivery.ConclusionWe observed a relatively low seroprevalence and seroconversion rates for dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among pregnant women in Nigeria and no MTCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 2","pages":"13596535251333259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased insulin resistance following switch from efavirenz to cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir.","authors":"Richard Taylor Pickering, Archana Asundi, Alex Olson, Katie Soden, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Nina H Lin","doi":"10.1177/13596535251314571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535251314571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with excess weight gain in people living with HIV compared to other antiretroviral agents. The mechanisms that underlie these effects are not well defined. Thus, we aimed to examine the effects of switching to INSTI-containing regimens on clinical metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study in which people living with HIV on a stable efavirenz-based regimen were switched to a cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir or raltegravir-containing regimen. Participants remained on the NRTI backbone of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Frozen plasma samples from 19 participants were used to determine concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, insulin and lactate at baseline and 8 weeks post-switch. Fasting lipids and blood glucose not reported in the initial study were obtained to examine metabolic changes. Anthropometric data including height and weight were abstracted from the medical record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants switched from efavirenz to cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir without change in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine backbone showed a 20% increase in HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (1.84 vs 2.24, <i>p</i> < .05), due mostly to increases in fasting insulin. This increase occurred independent of weight gain in the cohort as whole (83.4 vs 85.9 kg, pre vs post, <i>p</i> = .04), but was linked to increases in circulating lactate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants switched to an INSTI-based regimen tended to gain weight, and those switched to cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir had increases in markers of insulin resistance and elevation in plasma lactic acid compared to raltegravir, suggesting that elvitegravir may promote metabolic perturbations in people living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 1","pages":"13596535251314571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients initiated on molnupiravir in Denmark - A national registry study.","authors":"Carsten S Larsen, Caroline L Westergaard, Nina B Stærke, Urs Arnet, Gui Liu, Line R Kantsø, Jakob Kjellberg","doi":"10.1177/13596535241313244","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535241313244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molnupiravir (MOV) is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside with antiviral activity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of non-hospitalized Danish patients treated with MOV and their clinical outcomes following MOV initiation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Among all adults (>18 years) who received MOV between 16 December 2021 and 30 April 2022 in an outpatient setting in Denmark, we summarized their demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and post-MOV outcomes using descriptive statistics. Outcomes were emergent hospitalization and all-cause mortality during the 28 days after MOV initiation. We estimated the odds ratios (OR) of outcomes by time from positive test to treatment using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 3691 MOV-treated patients, of whom 45.8% were male and mean age was 70.1 years. Most patients (76.2%) initiated MOV within 0-2 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and 16.8% within 3-5 days. Over a 28-day period, rates for all-cause, respiratory- or COVID-19-related, and COVID-19-related hospitalization were 4.8%, 2.6% and 1.5%, respectively. All-cause mortality was 1.6%. Initiation of MOV 3-5 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test compared to 1-2 days was associated with an increased risk of all-cause (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29-2.67) and respiratory or COVID-19-related (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07-2.94) hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.64-5.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MOV was primarily prescribed to vaccinated elderly persons with multiple comorbidities. The all-cause hospitalization and mortality rates in this population were low. Early initiation of MOV reduced the risk of hospitalization and death compared with late initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 1","pages":"13596535241313244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nirmatrelvir treatment duration and frequency of COVID-19 rebound.","authors":"Nathan Sudeep, Noah Kojima, Jeffrey D Klausner","doi":"10.1177/13596535251323728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535251323728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nirmatrelvir has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. However, it is underutilized due to concerns regarding COVID-19 symptom rebound following nirmatrelvir's standard 5-day course. This study aims to identify and evaluate a nirmatrelvir dosage regimen that lowers symptom rebound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on nirmatrelvir pharmacokinetics, we propose a novel 8-day regimen: two doses twice-daily followed by six doses once-daily to reduce rebound frequency. We then carried out a retrospective case series study of clinical outcomes among our patients to investigate their frequency of COVID-19 symptom rebound following nirmatrelvir usage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 58 prescribed case patients, 49 filled and initiated the prescription. Of those 49 patients, four took the medication for fewer than 5 days, 24 for 5 days (standard regimen), and 21 for 7 or 8 days (extended regimen). Among 5-day treatment cases (<i>n</i> = 24), 8 (33%) experienced clinical rebound, whereas among the 7-day or 8-day treatment cases (<i>n</i> = 21), 2 (9.5%) experienced rebound.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that a longer nirmatrelvir/ritonavir course might reduce rebound symptoms compared to the standard 5-day regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"30 1","pages":"13596535251323728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19: targeting the main protease through multi-phase <i>in silico</i> approach.","authors":"Ahmed M Metwaly, Eslam B Elkaeed, Aisha A Alsfouk, Ibrahim M Ibrahim, Hazem Elkady, Ibrahim H Eissa","doi":"10.1177/13596535241305536","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535241305536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for effective therapeutic agents. The SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M^pro) plays a crucial role in viral replication and immune evasion, making it a key target for drug development. While several studies have explored M^pro inhibition, identifying FDA-approved drugs with potential efficacy remains a critical research focus.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to identify FDA-approved drugs that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 M^pro. Using computational screening, we seek compounds that share structural similarities with a known co-crystallized ligand (PRD_002214) and exhibit strong binding affinity to the enzyme, providing viable candidates for COVID-19 treatment.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>A systematic <i>in silico</i> approach was used, screening 3009 FDA-approved drugs. The initial screening focused on structural similarity to PRD_002214 (PDB ID: 6LU7), followed by molecular docking studies to predict binding affinity. Promising compounds were further analyzed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate their stability and interactions with M^pro over 100 ns.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>Of the 3009 FDA-approved drugs screened, 74 were selected for initial evaluation. After refinement, 28 compounds underwent docking analysis, with eight showing strong binding potential to M^pro.</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>Molecular docking assessed the binding affinity and interaction of the selected compounds with M^pro. MD simulations were conducted on the top compound, Atazanavir, to study its dynamic interactions. MM-GBSA, PLIP, and PCAT analyses were used to validate binding affinity and interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight compounds, including Carfilzomib, Atazanavir, Darunavir, and others, exhibited promising binding affinities. Among them, Atazanavir showed the highest binding strength and was selected for further MD simulation studies. These simulations revealed that Atazanavir forms stable interactions with M^pro, demonstrating favorable binding and dynamic stability. The binding affinity was further confirmed through MM-GBSA, PLIP, and PCAT analyses, supporting Atazanavir's potential as an effective M^pro inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>In silico</i> results suggest that Atazanavir is a promising candidate for targeting SARS-CoV-2 M^pro, with strong binding affinity and dynamic stability. These findings support its potential as a lead compound for further preclinical and clinical testing, though in vitro and in vivo validation are needed to confirm its therapeutic efficacy against COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"29 6","pages":"13596535241305536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) as switch strategy in virologically-suppressed patients: real world data from a monocentric cohort.","authors":"R A Passerotto, F Lamanna, P F Salvo, V Iannone, R J Steiner, A Carbone, D Farinacci, A D'Angelillo, G Baldin, A Ciccullo, S Di Giambenedetto, C Torti, A Borghetti","doi":"10.1177/13596535241306467","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535241306467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>BIC/FTC/TAF showed efficacy and tolerability in randomized trials as a switch strategy in virologically-suppressed people living with HIV. We evaluated its effectiveness in a real-life setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective monocentric cohort including 431 virologically-suppressed (HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml) people switching to BIC/FTC/TAF in the period 2018-2022 was evaluated. Probabilities of virological failure (VF, i.e.2 consecutive HIV-RNA ≥50 copies/ml or a single HIV-RNA ≥200 copies/ml) and of treatment discontinuation (TD) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier, and predictors of both outcomes were identified through multivariable Cox regression. Analysis-of-variance for repeated measures was used to examine changes in CD4 count and CD4-to-CD8 ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 16 VF occurred during 22 months of median follow-up time. Estimated probabilities of VF at 1, 2 and 3 years were 2.0% (95% CI 1.04.2%), 2.9% (95% CI 1.5%-5.6%) and 5.5% (95% CI 3.2%-9.2%), respectively. Caucasian ethnicity and a history of previous VF independently predicted VF. TD occurred in 42 cases, predominantly for simplification. One discontinuation due to VF was reported. No predictors of discontinuation were identified. An increase in CD4-to-CD8 ratio over 3 years was evidenced (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Total cholesterol decreased over 3 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Triglycerides did not significantly change (<i>p</i> = 0.465).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BIC/FTC/TAF demonstrated high effectiveness, tolerability and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"29 6","pages":"13596535241306467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide vs tenofovir alafenamide in the initial 48-week treatment of high viral load chronic hepatitis B: A single-centre retrospective study.","authors":"Qing Zhang,Jianhua Xu,Dan Liu,Lilin Wang,Shan Ren,Sujun Zheng,Xinyue Chen,Li Qi,Junfeng Lu","doi":"10.1177/13596535241284226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535241284226","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND/AIMTenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) employs innovative ProTide technology and a methylation strategy to enhance the lipid solubility and plasma stability of the amide bond, providing advantages over tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Despite promising Phase III clinical trial results demonstrating its antiviral efficacy, real-world data on TMF remains scarce. This study evaluates the antiviral efficacy and safety of TMF compared to TAF as the initial treatment in patients with high viral loads of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).METHODSWe retrospectively collected clinical data from March 1 2022 to June 30 2022 for highly viremic CHB patients who received either TMF (n = 58) or TAF (n = 32) as their initial monotherapy at Beijing YouAn Hospital. To understand the efficacy and safety of TMF over 48 weeks, we compared the virological response rates and HBeAg/HBsAg serological clearance rates between TMF and TAF groups. Also, the changes in serum creatinine, eGFR and serum lipid levels were assessed.RESULTSBaseline median HBV DNA levels were 7.85 (6.89, 8.36) IgIU/ml for TMF and 7.44 (6.89, 8.03) IgIU/ml for TAF. Median ALT levels were 102.0 (56.0, 210.0) U/L for TMF and 195.0 (73.5, 371.0) U/L for TAF, with HBeAg positivity rates of 70.7% and 75.0%, respectively. At 48 weeks, virological response rates (HBV DNA <10 IU/ml) were 43.5% (20/46) for TMF and 42.9% (12/28) for TAF (p = 1.000). ALT normalization rates were 87.9% for TMF and 90.6% for TAF (p = .969), and HBeAg serological clearance rates were 21.1% and 18.2%, respectively (p = 1.000). No patients achieved HBsAg clearance. Compared with the baseline, LDL-C levels increased, while eGFR decreased, with no significant differences in serum creatinine, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels noted at week 48 for both TMF and TAF groups.CONCLUSIONTMF demonstrates comparable antiviral efficacy to TAF when used as initial therapy in highly viremic CHB patients, with similar impacts on renal function and lipid profiles.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"79 3 1","pages":"13596535241284226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of risk factors and prediction model construction for varicella encephalitis in children: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ce Wang, Li Tang, Dandan Guo","doi":"10.1177/13596535241291132","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13596535241291132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for varicella encephalitis in children and establish a predictive model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included a varicella encephalitis group (<i>n</i> = 75) and a varicella-non-encephalitis group (<i>n</i> = 135). Logistic regression analysis was employed to find risk factors for varicella encephalitis and create a predictive model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older age, vomiting, poor mental status, and prolonged rash duration were independent risk factors for varicella encephalitis (<i>p</i> < .05). The predictive model for varicella encephalitis combined above four factors. The ROC curve of the predictive model showed an area under the curve of 0.955 (95% CI 0.925-0.986) for varicella encephalitis in children with a sensitivity of 94.7%, and a specificity of 86.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with varicella who are older, experience vomiting, exhibit poor mental status, or have a prolonged rash duration should be closely monitored clinically. The predictive model combining these four factors demonstrates good predictive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"29 5","pages":"13596535241291132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}