Diogo Coelho, Hugo M. Botelho, Luísa B. Maia, Elisabete R. Silva, Jorge H. Leitão, Luis G. Alves
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Cyclam-Based Metal Complexes on Antibacterial Coatings","authors":"Diogo Coelho, Hugo M. Botelho, Luísa B. Maia, Elisabete R. Silva, Jorge H. Leitão, Luis G. Alves","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70663","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes supported by <i>trans</i>-disubstituted cyclam ligands were quantitatively prepared and fully characterized. The Zn(II) complex [{H<sub>2</sub>(<sup>4-CF3</sup>PhCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cyclam}Zn(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)](CH<sub>3</sub>COO) revealed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, MIC = 1–4 μg/mL) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, MIC = 4 μg/mL and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, MIC = 2 μg/mL) bacteria. Incorporation of the Zn(II) complex at 0.5 wt.% into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based coating impaired bacterial surface colonization, significantly reducing <i>S. aureus</i> colonized area by 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6%–59.2%) and <i>E. coli</i> bacterial volume by 58% (95% CI, 24.7%–92.0%), although no significant effect on bacterial viability was observed. The incorporation of a cyclam-based metal complex into a PDMS-based coating provided a distinct approach to developing surfaces capable of limiting bacterial colonization. Therefore, these results provide a new insight into the potential of cyclam-based metal complexes as additives for the development of functional antimicrobial coatings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulating the Non-Noble Metal Catalyst Cu@UiO-67-bpy Facilitates the Visible Light-Induced Regioselective Acetylation of Terminal Alkynes With Arylamines","authors":"Zhaocheng Shi, Qian Zhao, Zhenyu Jiang, Zhaohui Xu, Qingyan Liu, Junmin Chen","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70662","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of heterogeneous catalysts for the efficient construction of acetamide frameworks under mild conditions is of great significance for green pharmaceutical synthesis. An efficient and reusable heterogeneous Cu@UiO-67-bpy catalyst is synthesized by a standard solvothermal method and post-synthetic metalation (PSM) procedures. This catalyst is fully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The catalyst efficiently promotes the regioselective C–N coupling of arylamines with terminal alkynes, affording bioactive acetamide-based pharmaceutical intermediates in excellent yields under visible light with O<sub>2</sub> as the oxidant. Owing to the heterotic nature of the catalyst, it can be easily separated by simple filtration from the reaction mixture and reused five times without obvious activity loss.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ppm-Level Oxazoline-Fused Acenaphthoimidazolylidene Palladium Catalyst: Efficient Indirect Activation of Primary Amide C–N Bonds for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling","authors":"Qinyue Deng, Xiaohu Liu, Yanpeng Gong, Jingjie Xu, Tenglong Lin, Yunhua Ma, Xiaojun Lv","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70661","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, we report the efficient Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of <i>N</i>-acylglutarimides—directly derived from primary amides—with arylboronic acids, catalyzed by an oxazoline-fused acenaphthoimidazolylidene palladium catalyst, thus enabling the indirect and highly efficient activation of primary amides. At ppm-level loading (0.05 mol%, 500 ppm), the catalyst afforded 99% yield of aryl ketones in 5 h, with a TON of 34,800 and TOF of 2650 h<sup>−1</sup>, outperforming reported NHC-Pd systems. It features broad substrate scope, compatible with arylboronic acids (EDGs, EWGs, polycyclic, alkenyl, and heterocyclic) and N-acylglutarimides from aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic primary amides. Notably, it achieved 93% yield in 5 h for the green synthesis of a flumorph key intermediate using THF as solvent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solmaz Musazad, Somaiyeh Allahyari, Nader Rahemi, Murid Hussain
{"title":"Sustainable Plasma-Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene Over Phosphotungstic Acid/ZIF-8 Catalysts: Catalytic Performance, Kinetic Analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment","authors":"Solmaz Musazad, Somaiyeh Allahyari, Nader Rahemi, Murid Hussain","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, phosphotungstic acid (PTA)-ZIF-8 catalysts were successfully synthesized and integrated with non-thermal air plasma to establish a highly efficient plasma-assisted oxidative desulfurization (ODS) system for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The structural, morphological, textural, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were comprehensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results confirmed the successful immobilization of PTA onto the ZIF-8 framework while preserving both the crystalline structure of ZIF-8 and the Keggin structure of PTA. Among the prepared catalysts, 5%PTA-ZIF-8 exhibited the highest catalytic activity owing to its optimal balance between PTA dispersion, pore accessibility, and interfacial electron transfer capability. Under the operating conditions of 0.15-g catalyst, 500-ppm DBT, pH 7, a plasma voltage of 33 kV, an airflow rate of 49.7 L/min, and a reaction time of 5 min, the integrated plasma/PTA-ZIF-8 system achieved a maximum DBT oxidation efficiency of 87%. The synergistic interaction between plasma and the PTA-ZIF-8 catalyst was confirmed by a synergy index of 3.41, demonstrating the effective coupling of plasma-generated reactive oxygen species with the redox-active PTA-ZIF-8. Systematic optimization demonstrated that catalyst dosage, plasma voltage, airflow rate, and pH significantly affected the DBT oxidation efficiency. Radical scavenger experiments identified ozone as the dominant oxidizing species, whereas hydroxyl and superoxide radicals played secondary roles. Furthermore, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that the 5%PTA-ZIF-8 catalyst provided the most favorable environmental performance by achieving the optimum balance between catalytic efficiency and material and energy consumption.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boosting Hydrogen Evolution From Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis Over Bimetallic Copper Nickel Nanoparticles on Titanium Oxide/Carbon Derived From Metal–Organic Framework–Based Composites","authors":"Zhen Zhong, Haotian Qin, Xiang Ding, Linlin Xu, Siyuan Tang, Fuzhan Song","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70659","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) for hydrogen production is an efficient and sustainable method for hydrogen energy conversion and transportation. Designing nonnoble metal AB hydrolysis catalysts with high catalytic activity is regarded as a promising yet challenging task. Herein, highly dispersed Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub> nanoparticles were successfully prepared on anatase compound TiO<sub>2</sub>/C/GO derived from MIL-125/GO precursor by traditional wet chemical co-reduction method. The optimized Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub>/C/GO nanocatalyst demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance in AB hydrolysis, achieving a remarkable turnover frequency (TOF) of 8492 h<sup>−1</sup> with 100% hydrogen selectivity, which surpasses most nonnoble metal catalysts reported recently. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between Cu and Ni, as well as the strong metal-support electronic interaction between TiO<sub>2</sub>/C/GO and Cu<sub>0.5</sub>Ni<sub>0.5</sub> NPs. This work presents a novel strategy for the development of high-performance nonprecious metal nanocatalysts to enable low-cost catalytic applications in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imine Functionalized Triazole: An Efficient Probe for Ru(III) Recognition and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties","authors":"Gurjaspreet Singh, Jyoti, Baljinder Singh Gill, Gita Rani","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70657","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new triazole-functionalized Schiff base probe (GIVA) has been rationally designed and synthesized for the selective recognition of Ru(III). The chemosensory performance of GIVA was systematically investigated through UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity and high selectivity toward Ru(III) over competing metal ions. The subsequent complex formation has been confirmed by using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and DFT analysis. The detection limit (LOD) was determined to be 0.66 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M, highlighting the excellent sensing capability of the probe. Job's plot analysis revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between GIVA and Ru(III), while reversibility studies using EDTA established the recyclable nature of the sensing system. Beyond metal ion recognition, GIVA exhibited biological potential, showing significant free radical scavenging activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.63 μM, indicative of its enhanced antioxidant efficiency. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer investigations against cervical cancer cell lines demonstrated notable cytotoxic activity, with a reduction in cell viability by 20.82%. To gain deeper insight into its biological interactions, molecular docking studies were performed, which provide computational support for the experimentally observed in vitro biological activities. The multifunctional profile of GIVA, integrating selective Ru(III) sensing with potent biological activity, underscores its potential as a versatile platform for both analytical and biomedical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aminophosphine and Diphosphine Cyclopentadienyl Iron(II) Compounds: Biological Activity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Berenice Sampayo-Andrade, Maribel Arroyo-Carranza, Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas, Paola Maycotte, Armando Ramírez-Monroy","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70658","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Half-sandwich iron(II) complexes bearing aminophosphine or diphosphine chelating ligands were systematically evaluated against breast cancer cells to establish structure–activity relationships. Aminophosphine complexes exhibited moderate cytotoxicity toward MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 54 to > 100 μM), compared to cisplatin (43–51 μM), while showing comparable effects on nontumorigenic MCF10A cells (52–85 μM). Morphological analysis, real-time confluence monitoring, ROS measurements, and cell death assays indicate that these complexes primarily exert cytostatic or proliferation-modulating effects, characterized by a decrease in proliferation and limited oxidative stress induction. In contrast, the diphosphine complex displayed low micromolar IC<sub>50</sub> values across all tested cell lines, accompanied by increased ROS production, severe morphological changes, rapid loss of confluence, and extensive cell death, consistent with a highly potent but nonselective cytotoxicity mechanism. Systematic experiments confirmed that cytotoxicity arises from the cationic iron(II) complexes rather than counterion identity or degradation products. These results demonstrate that subtle ligand modifications dictate cytotoxic potency, selectivity, and biological mode of action in breast cancer cell lines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Junaid, Faiqa Noreen, Hamada H. Amer, Aiysha Althobaiti, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy, Faizullah Khan, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Sobhi M. Gomha, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq, Zahid Shafiq
{"title":"Chitosan-Conjugated Folic Acid–Functionalized Zn-MOF Nanocarrier for pH-Responsive Targeted Capecitabine Delivery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Ali Junaid, Faiqa Noreen, Hamada H. Amer, Aiysha Althobaiti, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy, Faizullah Khan, Magdi E. A. Zaki, Sobhi M. Gomha, Muhammad Naeem Ashiq, Zahid Shafiq","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70656","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multifunctional metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocarrier designated CA/Zn-MOF/FC is reported for the pH-responsive, receptor-targeted delivery of capecitabine (CA) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nanoplatform is constructed from a self-assembled, pillared-layer Zn<sub>2</sub>(BDC)<sub>2</sub>(DABCO) scaffold in which terephthalate (BDC) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) act as linkers bridging Zn<sup>2+</sup> coordination nodes, affording an exceptionally high volumetric drug-loading capacity. Dual functionalization with chitosan and folic acid (FC) is designed to confer active-targeting functionality: Chitosan is intended to facilitate macropinocytosis and endosomal escape, whereas folic acid is proposed to direct folate receptor–mediated uptake by engaging folate receptors reported to be overexpressed on HepG<sub>2</sub> HCC cells. These results support CA/Zn-MOF/FC as a stimulus-responsive MOF nanoplatform with proposed receptor-targeting functionality and promising in vitro performance, warranting further in vivo evaluation to establish its potential for HCC chemotherapy. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrate that CA/Zn-MOF/FC achieves an IC<sub>50</sub> of 21.3 ± 0.2 μM and 77.12% growth inhibition against HepG<sub>2</sub> cells, outperforming free CA (IC<sub>50</sub>: 24.1 ± 0.5 μM; 68.91% inhibition) and CA/Zn-MOF, whereas LO<sub>2</sub> normal cell viability remained above 84% across all formulations, confirming substantially elevated tumor selectivity. These results support CA/Zn-MOF/FC as a stimulus-responsive MOF nanoplatform with proposed receptor-targeting functionality and significant promise for HCC chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copper-Carboxamide Complex Immobilized on Magnetic Carbon Quantum Dots: A Green Approach to Spirooxindole Synthesis","authors":"Faeze Montazery, Robabeh Baharfar","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70649","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research details the development of an innovative, eco-friendly magnetic nanocatalyst, referred to as Cu-MCQD-Ugi, produced via a simple one-pot Ugi-4CR approach. The catalyst is formed by immobilizing copper ions onto Ugi-ligands that are affixed to the surface of magnetic carbon quantum dots (MCQD). A thorough characterization of the synthesized catalyst was conducted employing a range of analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and EDS mapping. The integration of Ugi ligands significantly enhanced the homogeneity, reactivity, and coordination ability of the catalyst with Cu ions. The performance of the resulting Cu-carboxamide complex was evaluated in the synthesis of Spirooxindoles, achieving impressive product yields ranging from 80% to 98%. This reaction was conducted in a solvent mixture of water and ethanol (1:1) at ambient temperature within a 30-min timeframe. Significant benefits of this catalytic system encompass minimal work-up demands, ease of recovery, high stability, swift reaction times, a straightforward setup process, excellent product yields, and impressive reusability across 11 successive times. This study underscores a promising catalytic strategy for the synthesis of advantageous heterocyclic compounds under mild environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoju Liu, Sunqiu Fan, Shijin Hu, Zeyu Ye, Xiaoyan Ma, Guoxiong Wang, Xiangrong Ma
{"title":"Precision-Targeted N–H and Cl–O Bond Cleavage: Trinuclear Ferrocenyl Coordination Compounds as Efficient Catalysts for Ammonium Perchlorate Decomposition","authors":"Xiaoju Liu, Sunqiu Fan, Shijin Hu, Zeyu Ye, Xiaoyan Ma, Guoxiong Wang, Xiangrong Ma","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70655","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two novel trinuclear ferrocenyl coordination compounds, Fc<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Fe and Fc<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co, were synthesized as burning-rate catalysts for ammonium perchlorate (AP). The trinuclear architecture, featuring a nitrogen-rich ligand bridging three ferrocene units with transition metal centers, was designed to enhance multi-site electron transfer and thereby promote catalytic performance. At 3 wt% loading, Fc<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Co reduced AP's high-temperature decomposition temperature by 126°C, decreased the apparent activation energy by 74.0 kJ · mol<sup>−1</sup>, and increased heat release by 718 J · g<sup>−1</sup>, outperforming the corresponding mononuclear analogues and commercial binuclear ferrocene catalysts. Structural characterization (XRD, BET, XPS) and DFT calculations suggest that the superior catalytic activity arises from synergistic Co–Fe electronic modulation that facilitates N–H and Cl–O bond activation, together with a high specific surface area (310.6 m<sup>2</sup> · g<sup>−1</sup>) that provides abundant active sites. This work establishes trinuclear ferrocenyl coordination compounds as a promising platform for high-performance burning-rate catalysts in composite solid propellants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}