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Annual review of plant biology最新文献

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The Loss-and-Gain Strategy for Functional Specialization of Plant-Specific RNA Polymerases. 植物特异性RNA聚合酶功能特化的得失策略。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-102003
Xiaoxian Wu, Kun Huang, Hongwei Zhang, Shuyi Sun, Zhanxi Gu, Hong Sun, Yuxiang Zhang, Xujiao Liu, Wenhui Mu, Weiying Xu, Yu Zhang
{"title":"The Loss-and-Gain Strategy for Functional Specialization of Plant-Specific RNA Polymerases.","authors":"Xiaoxian Wu, Kun Huang, Hongwei Zhang, Shuyi Sun, Zhanxi Gu, Hong Sun, Yuxiang Zhang, Xujiao Liu, Wenhui Mu, Weiying Xu, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-102003","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-102003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant cells possess functionally specialized RNA polymerases (RNAPs) in both the nucleus and the chloroplast. In addition to the conserved RNA polymerase I (Pol I), Pol II, and Pol III, the nuclear genome of land plant cells encodes two unique multiple-subunit DNA-dependent RNAPs-Pol IV and Pol V-which produce noncoding RNAs for nuclear gene silencing. The plastid genome of all plant cells also encodes a unique multiple-subunit DNA-dependent RNAP-the plastid-encoded RNAP (PEP). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these plant-specific RNAPs have clear evolutionary origins: Pol IV and Pol V diverged from Pol II, while PEP originated from cyanobacterial RNAP. Over billions of years, these plant-specific RNAPs underwent functional specialization through losing key residues, motifs, and domains essential to their ancestors' function and gaining new motifs, domains, and subunits tailored to their distinct roles. This review explores the evolutionary loss-and-gain strategy that shaped the three plant-specific RNAPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"169-195"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145965022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cryo-Electron Tomography in Plant Biology. 植物生物学中的低温电子断层扫描。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-042126
Coral Martínez-Martínez, Hong Zhan, Trevor H Moser, Marisa S Otegui
{"title":"Cryo-Electron Tomography in Plant Biology.","authors":"Coral Martínez-Martínez, Hong Zhan, Trevor H Moser, Marisa S Otegui","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-042126","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-042126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a transformative technique in cell biology that enables three-dimensional visualization of cellular structures in near-native states and at nanometer and even subnanometer resolution. Unlike traditional imaging methods, cryo-ET preserves the ultrastructure of cells without chemical fixation or staining, allowing researchers to observe macromolecular complexes in situ. Cryo-focused ion beam milling has overcome sample thickness limitations, enabling high-resolution imaging of complex and large specimens. When combined with correlative light microscopy and subtomogram averaging, cryo-ET can localize and resolve macromolecular assemblies within the cell. We discuss how cryo-ET has provided unprecedented insights into cellular architecture by bridging the gap between molecular and cellular scales and highlight examples in photosynthetic organisms. We also discuss new efforts to increase automation, throughput, and validation that make cryo-ET accessible to a larger community of scientists, including plant biologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"561-584"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RNA Meets Agriculture: From Molecular Mechanisms to Market Applications. RNA与农业：从分子机制到市场应用。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070825-083558
Veli Vural Uslu, Athanasios Dalakouras, Lina Sueselbeck, Aline Koch
{"title":"RNA Meets Agriculture: From Molecular Mechanisms to Market Applications.","authors":"Veli Vural Uslu, Athanasios Dalakouras, Lina Sueselbeck, Aline Koch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070825-083558","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070825-083558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising approach to sustainable crop protection. Extensive proof-of-concept studies have led to the approval of the first sprayable plant protection products in the United States and China, with Europe currently evaluating them. Although gene silencing mechanisms are among the most extensively studied processes in molecular biology, with two Nobel Prizes recognizing their discovery, the optimization of delivery systems and field performance remains an area currently undergoing extensive development. The uptake, stability, and efficacy of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are influenced by species-specific and environmental factors, introducing variability that must be understood in order to select robust targets, design effective dsRNA, and assess risk. Although these knowledge gaps remain, they are increasingly addressed through systematic experimental and technological advances. This review summarizes the current knowledge on RNAi mechanisms in plants, fungi, and insects, emphasizing the differences in dsRNA uptake and processing between species. We highlight advances in formulations and delivery technologies, discuss how regulatory and ecological questions are being systematically investigated, and present examples of approved products that demonstrate the approach's feasibility and safety. Finally, we outline how remaining uncertainties can be addressed through targeted research and risk-mitigation strategies and how RNAi technologies can be incorporated into comprehensive pest and disease management systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"77 1","pages":"289-317"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147980286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolism, Perception, and Functions of Inositol (Pyro)Phosphates in Plants. 植物中肌醇（热）磷酸盐的代谢、感知和功能。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-040214
Ricardo F H Giehl, Gabriel Schaaf
{"title":"Metabolism, Perception, and Functions of Inositol (Pyro)Phosphates in Plants.","authors":"Ricardo F H Giehl, Gabriel Schaaf","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-040214","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-040214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates are small, water-soluble molecules involved in a range of physiological processes across eukaryotic organisms, including plants. Over the past two decades, significant advancements in inositol (pyro)phosphate detection and chemical synthesis, coupled with the characterization of plant mutants and the structural analysis of receptors and associated proteins, have greatly enhanced our understanding of their production, degradation, and perception in plants. This growing knowledge base demonstrates that inositol (pyro)phosphates are crucial for regulating key processes, such as phosphorus homeostasis, hormone signaling, and plant-microbe interactions. We provide a global perspective on these processes, highlighting recent discoveries, new possibilities, and unresolved questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"53-79"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant Phenotypic Plasticity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Breeding and Climate Change Adaptation. 植物表型可塑性：从分子机制到育种和气候变化适应。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-111942
René Schneider, Isabel Bäurle, Zoran Nikoloski, Michael Lenhard
{"title":"Plant Phenotypic Plasticity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Breeding and Climate Change Adaptation.","authors":"René Schneider, Isabel Bäurle, Zoran Nikoloski, Michael Lenhard","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-111942","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-111942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenotypic plasticity (PP) is a fundamental property of plants, enabling a single genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. This ability is crucial for survival and reproduction in heterogeneous habitats, allowing plants to optimize their physiology, development, and growth under changing conditions. Widespread natural genetic variation for plasticity enables selection to shape environmental responses. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying PP in plants, highlighting its importance for crop breeding and for enhancing resilience to climate change. We discuss experimental approaches to quantify plasticity and identify its genetic basis and consider factors that may constrain the evolution of plasticity. We also explore how advances in the analysis of multisite field trials and genomic prediction have propelled the study of PP in agriculture. Ultimately, a deeper understanding and targeted use of PP hold promise for developing crop varieties that can maintain stable yields in increasingly variable environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"707-731"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RAF-Like Protein Kinases in Plants. 植物中的raf样蛋白激酶。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-043435
Pengcheng Wang, Jian-Kang Zhu, Zhen Lin
{"title":"RAF-Like Protein Kinases in Plants.","authors":"Pengcheng Wang, Jian-Kang Zhu, Zhen Lin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-043435","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-043435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RAF-like protein kinases constitute a major subclass of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) in plants and function as critical regulators of stress and hormone signaling pathways. Unlike their animal counterparts, plant RAF kinases show extensive expansion and diversification, with distinct subgroups (B and C) exhibiting both conserved and specialized functions. Recent studies have unveiled their pivotal roles in sensing environmental stresses, such as hyperosmotic stress and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as in mediating hormonal responses, including those to abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and auxin. RAFs also participate in guard cell signaling, immune responses, and developmental processes, integrating diverse external and internal cues. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plant RAF kinases, emphasizing their functional diversity, mechanisms of activation, and physiological relevance in plant adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"351-371"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gravity Sensing for Gravitropism. 重力感应的重力倾向。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-032745
Miyo Terao Morita, Takeshi Nishimura, Hiromasa Shikata
{"title":"Gravity Sensing for Gravitropism.","authors":"Miyo Terao Morita, Takeshi Nishimura, Hiromasa Shikata","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-032745","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070225-032745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gravitropism allows plants to reorient their growth along the gravity vector by sensing and responding to changes in orientation. This review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying gravity sensing and signal transduction, with a focus on flowering plants. Central to this process are starch-filled amyloplasts that sediment within statocytes and activate downstream signaling pathways. Recent discoveries include the identification of LAZY1-LIKE family proteins, which translocate from amyloplasts to the plasma membrane in response to gravi-stimulation and recruit regulators such as RLDs and D6PKs to control polar auxin transport. We also discuss the emerging concept of antigravitropic offset, which modulates lateral organ angles, and its potential mechanistic divergence from classical gravitropism. Collectively, these findings reveal an integrated system to regulate organ orientation and plant architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"425-448"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Vivo Monitoring of Energy Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors. 利用基因编码荧光生物传感器监测体内能量代谢。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071425-085632
Jan-Ole Niemeier, Pedro Barreto, Bruce Morgan, Markus Schwarzländer
{"title":"In Vivo Monitoring of Energy Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors.","authors":"Jan-Ole Niemeier, Pedro Barreto, Bruce Morgan, Markus Schwarzländer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-071425-085632","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-071425-085632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All organisms fuel and build themselves through their energy metabolism. While classic biochemistry conceptualizes the fluxes of energy and matter, our understanding of how energy metabolism works in vivo contains major gaps. One reason is that energy metabolism spans multiple scales, from enzymes to organs, and shifts dynamically at environmental and developmental transitions, resulting in a degree of complexity that is presently impossible to capture. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have started to bridge several critical gaps by enabling live monitoring of metabolites across scales. Recently, several paradigms of energy metabolism have started to shift, driven by the expansion of biosensing tools. This review explores advancements in our understanding of plant energy metabolism driven by fluorescent protein biosensing, highlights emerging concepts and open questions, and discusses how available tools, and much-needed future innovations, can unlock the potential of biosensing toward understanding in vivo plant energy metabolism and its effective modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"641-675"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subcellular Lipid Trafficking and Membrane Specialization in Plants. 植物的亚细胞脂质转运和膜特化。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-114143
Cailin N Smith, Tegan M Haslam, Ivo Feussner, Rebecca L Roston
{"title":"Subcellular Lipid Trafficking and Membrane Specialization in Plants.","authors":"Cailin N Smith, Tegan M Haslam, Ivo Feussner, Rebecca L Roston","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-114143","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-114143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membrane lipid composition underpins the structural and functional identity of all plant membranes. This review examines membrane lipid metabolism and trafficking, with an emphasis on how lipid diversity and interorganelle movement support plant cell function. We explore the biophysical and biochemical specialization of subcellular membranes, with discussion of the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, apoplastic vesicles and barriers, tonoplast, peroxisomes, mitochondria, plastids, and thylakoids. We review both vesicular and nonvesicular lipid transport pathways, including membrane contact sites. Particular attention is given to glycerolipids, including phospholipids and galactolipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and, to a lesser extent, fatty acid exchange. By focusing on mechanisms of lipid transfer and remodeling, this review synthesizes our understanding of subcellular membrane lipid composition in the context of dynamic cellular processes including cell plate expansion, environmental stress responses, and photosynthetic membrane assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"117-147"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical Probes for Functional Plant Imaging. 功能性植物成像的化学探针。
IF 26.4 1区 生物学
Annual review of plant biology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-115246
Maarten Besten, Anna Daamen, Matyás Fendrych, Jan Willem Borst, Joris Sprakel
{"title":"Chemical Probes for Functional Plant Imaging.","authors":"Maarten Besten, Anna Daamen, Matyás Fendrych, Jan Willem Borst, Joris Sprakel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-115246","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-063025-115246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of spatial and quantitative biology has led to immense advances in understanding the complex inner workings of plants, down to the molecular scale. Functional imaging of live plants, which enables the spatial and quantitative mapping of biochemical cues, physicochemical properties of cellular structures, and the dynamics of physical and chemical signals with unprecedented resolution, has become a key technology for advancing the mechanistic understanding of plant cell biology. In this review, we highlight progress in live functional imaging in plants through the use and development of chemical fluorescent probes, which enable plant functional imaging without requiring genetic manipulation of the study object. We explain how probes sense, target, and report on functional features within the plant cell; discuss their limitations, including toxicity; and provide case studies to exemplify how these tools can complement biological studies to unravel the complex machinery that makes plants work. We conclude by outlining the expected future development of this field and identifying key challenges that lie ahead.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":"585-616"},"PeriodicalIF":26.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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