Archives of Sexual Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Neural Correlates of the Attentional Bias Towards Subliminal Pornographic Cues in Individuals with Tendencies Toward Problematic Pornography Use: An ERP Study Using a Dot-Probe Task","authors":"Jianfeng Wang,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02965-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02965-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attentional bias toward addiction-related stimuli has been implicated in the development and maintenance of addiction disorders. Several previous studies have reported an attentional bias toward pornographic cues in individuals with problematic pornography use (PPU). Since attentional bias can occur without conscious awareness, the purpose of this study was to use electroencephalography to examine whether individuals with a high tendency for PPU exhibit attentional bias at the level of the preconscious processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while male participants with high (n = 24) and low (n = 23) levels of subclinical PPU performed a masked version of the dot-probe task measuring attentional bias toward subliminally presented pornographic stimuli. Behavioral data revealed that participants from both groups with high and low tendencies for PPU reacted faster to probes replacing pornographic images than to probes replacing neutral images. ERPs revealed that individuals with a high tendency for PPU exhibited larger probe-locked P1 amplitudes following masked pornographic images (valid condition) compared with masked neutral images (invalid condition). Additionally, PPU symptom severity correlated positively with the P1 amplitude difference between valid and invalid conditions. These results highlight the automaticity of attentional capture by pornographic stimuli and support the hypothesis of an addiction-related attentional bias during preconscious processes. The implication of these findings for understanding the clinical phenomenon of out-of-control addictive behavior are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 9","pages":"3365 - 3378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ubiquitous External Ejaculation: Examining Perceptions of Sexual Images Across Cultures.","authors":"Catherine Salmon, Jessica Hehman","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02949-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-024-02949-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent debates over pornography have often focused on differences between males and females, not only in the frequency of consumption or the type of material consumed, but also on the different ways that individuals may perceive sexually explicit images and respond to them. Some of these differences may be due to sex differences in a number of factors including sexual strategies, pathogen or sexual disgust, and own mate value as well as within sex differences in these factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that perceptions of sexually explicit images are influenced by the sex of the target in the image and the target's emotional affect, as well as sex of the respondent, their sexual orientation, short-term mating orientation, and disgust measures. However, these previous studies were conducted with participants from the United States alone. This study compared the findings from these US samples to those from non-Western ones (Philippines and Brazil) in order to examine the replicability across cultures of the US results as well as whether some variables (religiosity, for example) account for more or less of the variance in perceptions in different populations. Results indicated that there were some differences in terms of the amount of variance in perceptions explained by different variables across populations. Participant and stimuli related variables explained more variance in the Philippines while individual difference variables accounted for more variance in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Associations of Pornography Use and Body Image Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Men","authors":"Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan,&nbsp;Beáta Bőthe,&nbsp;Zohar Spivak-Lavi","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02887-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02887-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the relationship between pornography use and men’s body image, utilizing the social comparison theory as the theoretical framework. The research focused on a moderated mediation model, examining the role of social body comparison as a mediator between pornography use (frequency and problematic use) and men’s body image. The sample consisted of 726 men aged 18–68, with 223 (30.7%) identifying as sexual minorities. Sexual minority men reported higher levels of pornography use frequency, problematic use, perceived realism, social body comparison, negative body image, and psychological distress compared to heterosexual men. Findings revealed that problematic pornography use (but not frequency of use) was related to higher levels of social body comparison, which, in turn, were related to higher levels of negative body image. The perceived realism in pornography did not moderate the examined associations. Clinicians should consider the impact of the relationship between pornography and body image among men.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 9","pages":"3379 - 3392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linda’s Cars versus Dominik’s Dolls: How Do Pedagogical Educators in Training React to Children’s Violations of Gender Stereotypes?","authors":"Hannah Streck,&nbsp;Ursula Kessels","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02958-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02958-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gender stereotypes adults hold can influence whether they approve or disapprove of behavior shown by children, depending on whether this behavior is in line with stereotypes. Adults report negative evaluations toward children whose behavior does not adhere to gender stereotypes, particularly toward feminine boys. Whether pedagogical educators in training show negative reactions toward children who violate gender stereotypes has not been examined. We investigate this question by firstly assessing what gender stereotypes adults hold about children in Germany. In Study 1, we assessed descriptive, prescriptive, and proscriptive gender stereotypes identified by adults for children in German society. Stereotypes gathered from this first study were used to construct four vignettes of stereotypical and nonstereotypical boys and girls in order to examine how pedagogical educators in training (<i>N</i> = 414) evaluated these children in Study 2. We investigated ratings of one of these vignettes (2 × 2 between-participants design) regarding liking, perceived competence, creativity, self-esteem, prosocial behavior, as well as internalizing and externalizing problems. A series of ANOVAs revealed that girls displaying masculine behavior received advantageous ratings on competence, creativity, and self-esteem, while boys showing femininity were perceived as the most prosocial. More than gender nonconformity, masculinity and femininity strongly related to externalizing and internalizing problems, respectively. We review how our results in Germany differ from the literature originating in the USA, as we did not find backlash for feminine boys. Possible bias against femininity and toward masculinity within society and cultural and sampling factors is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 10","pages":"3835 - 3854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10508-024-02958-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Sex and Gender Have Separate Identities?","authors":"Gonzalo R. Quintana,&nbsp;James G. Pfaus","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02933-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02933-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The largely binary nature of biological sex and its conflation with the socially constructed concept of gender has created much strife in the last few years. The notion of gender identity and its differences and similarities with sex have fostered much scientific and legal confusion and disagreement. Settling the debate can have significant repercussions for science, medicine, legislation, and people’s lives. The present review addresses this debate though different levels of analysis (i.e., genetic, anatomical, physiological, behavioral, and sociocultural), and their implications and interactions. We propose a rationale where both perspectives coexist, where diversity is the default, establishing a delimitation to the conflation between sex and gender, while acknowledging their interaction. Whereas sex in humans and other mammals is a biological reality that is largely binary and based on genes, chromosomes, anatomy, and physiology, gender is a sociocultural construct that is often, but not always, concordant with a person’ sex, and can span a multitude of expressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 8","pages":"2957 - 2975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11335805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes Toward Using and Willingness to Use a Hypothetical Online Sex Communication Intervention for Parents of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents","authors":"Christopher Owens","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02946-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02946-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although parents of sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents play a critical role in communicating about sexual health to their children, most parents have reported that they are unknowledgeable and uncomfortable talking about sexual health to their SGM adolescent. Because of the limited availability of sex education programs for parents of SGM adolescents, the study aimed to (1) describe the attitudes toward using and willingness to use a hypothetical online sex communication intervention for parents of SGM adolescents and (2) examine factors associated with willingness to use such an intervention. Parents of SGM adolescents from across the United States (N = 385) completed an online survey from March 10–16, 2023. Most participants were open to participating in a hypothetical online sex communication program and had positive attitudes toward it. Logistic regression results showed that participants who overall agreed a hypothetical online parent-based sex education intervention would be helpful and of interest had higher odds of being overall willing to participate in such a hypothetical intervention. Additionally, participants with higher income levels were also more likely to be willing to participate in a hypothetical program. Results from this exploratory study suggest that most parents of SGM adolescents have positive attitudes toward a hypothetical online parent-based sex education program and are willing to participate in it, highlighting a need to develop sex education programs tailored to the needs and preferences of parents of SGM adolescents. Additionally, equitable access to such programs is necessary especially regarding income level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 8","pages":"3119 - 3127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Exploring Within-Gender Differences in Friendships Using an Online Social Network","authors":"Pietro Pollo,&nbsp;Tania A. Reynolds,&nbsp;Khandis R. Blake,&nbsp;Michael M. Kasumovic","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02973-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02973-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 8","pages":"3203 - 3203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11335915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine Data Analysis of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use and Rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections Since Coverage of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis by the Statutory Health Insurance in Germany","authors":"Frederik Valbert,&nbsp;Daniel Schmidt,&nbsp;Christian Kollan,&nbsp;Patrik Dröge,&nbsp;Melanie Klein,&nbsp;Udo Schneider,&nbsp;Martin Friebe,&nbsp;Jürgen Wasem,&nbsp;Anja Neumann","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02922-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02922-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is considered as an effective protection against a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, it is still unclear, how PrEP use is associated with the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) other than HIV. PrEP became reimbursable in Germany from September 1, 2019 for persons with statutory health insurance (SHI). With the EvE-PrEP study, the Federal Ministry of Health commissioned the evaluation of the effects of the new reimbursement situation in Germany. In the presented module of the EvE-PrEP study, routine data from three large German SHI funds were analyzed in anonymized form for the period January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. Data were analyzed regarding: Characteristics and adherence of PrEP users, treatment success of PrEP, and changes in STI incidence rates before and since PrEP use. The cooperating SHI funds collectively covered about 52% of the overall population in Germany in 2019. A total of 7102 persons with PrEP use were included into the analysis. These were predominantly male (99%), on average 37.4 years old and a high proportion of persons lived in large cities. The average quotient of PrEP daily defined doses and assumed days on PrEP was 87%. The average STI rates normalized per 100 person-years at individual level pre PrEP did not statistically significant differ compared to since PrEP (chlamydia: 17.5 vs. 17.6, gonococcal infection: 29.1 vs. 30.7, and syphilis: 14.6 vs.13.6). A large data set was used to evaluate the introduction of PrEP as a SHI benefit in Germany. A potentially suspected increase in bacterial STI incidence rates was not found. A rather high average adherence rate was observed. The very high proportion of men and people from the largest German cities among PrEP users is striking. These results could indicate barriers to PrEP access for people at risk of HIV, especially if they are women or people living in less urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 9","pages":"3663 - 3672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stressful Life Events Among Women Suffering Homelessness and Prostitution in Spain","authors":"Olga Gonzalez-Arribas,&nbsp;Sonia Panadero,&nbsp;Irantzu Recalde-Esnoz,&nbsp;Jose Juan Vazquez","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02969-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02969-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in suffering stressful life events (SLE) among women experiencing homelessness who had or had not been in prostitution. Data were collected from a sample of 135 women experiencing homelessness in Madrid. A total of 81% of the women interviewed had never been in prostitution, while 19% had been in prostitution at some point in their lives. Participants were recruited from shelters, drop-in centers, and public spaces. The information was collected using a structured interview. The results showed that women experiencing homelessness who had been in prostitution suffered a greater number of SLE, both in childhood and adolescence and throughout life. The interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and nine times more likely to have experienced during their childhood and adolescence violence in their family, as well as to have run away from home, experienced abuse, attempted suicide, and used drugs excessively. Furthermore, during their lifetime, the interviewed who had been in prostitution were between two and four times more likely to suffer from serious physical and mental health issues, excessive alcohol consumption, intimate partner violence, physical violence from others, suicide attempts, police reporting, and unwanted pregnancies. Additionally, they were four to six times more likely to have been sexually assaulted or convicted/imprisoned for a crime, seven times more likely to have been arrested, and a striking 32 times more likely to have used drugs excessively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 9","pages":"3311 - 3317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It’s Almost Like Playing ‘The Price is Right’”: Factors Considered by Online Male Sex Workers When Setting the Price for Their Services","authors":"Karolynn Siegel,&nbsp;María Cabán,&nbsp;Courtney J. Brown-Bradley,&nbsp;Eric W. Schrimshaw","doi":"10.1007/s10508-024-02957-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10508-024-02957-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in the exchange of sexual services for money, drugs, shelter or something else of value. There has been limited research examining the factors that influence how male sex workers (MSWs) determine their fees for their services. To learn more about this, qualitative interview data were analyzed from 180 MSM from 8 US cities who had recently engaged in exchange sex with clients they had primarily met through dating/hookup websites and apps. The primary factor that affected participants’ fees was the type of services provided, with a higher price generally charged for anal sex than for oral sex, mutual masturbation or massage. Condomless anal sex, in particular, commanded a higher fee. Additionally, participants required more money for special kinks or fetishes or any services that they considered to be risky, demanding or physically or emotionally uncomfortable. Other factors that affected how much participants charged for a given encounter included the duration of the meeting, the level of client appeal, the perceived wealth of the client, and the participant’s current financial situation. Participants varied in their approaches to fee setting, in terms of both their degree of flexibility when negotiating a price and whether they preferred to suggest a fee or have the client first state an amount they were willing to pay. Information about MSWs’ approaches to fee setting provides greater understanding of their lived experiences and the risks they may accept for higher fees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"53 9","pages":"3639 - 3653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}