{"title":"Improving the Selection of Air Force Pilot Candidates Using Latent Trajectories: An Application of Latent Growth Mixture Modeling","authors":"A. Gomes, José G. Dias","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2015.1130489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.1130489","url":null,"abstract":"Latent growth mixture modeling is a statistical approach that models longitudinal data, grouping individuals who share similar longitudinal data patterns into latent classes. We evaluated the application of this method in a sample of ab initio pilot applicants (N = 297), using longitudinal data collected from a military flight-screening program (where the applicants flew seven required flights), resulting in a final pass–fail outcome. Results showed the existence of a two-class solution (Cluster 1 presented an initially higher performance and contained 75% of the Pass candidates) and the psychomotor coordination and general adaptability showed a significant effect.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"108 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2015.1130489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"VFR Into IMC: Using Simulation to Improve Weather-Related Decision-Making","authors":"Christopher M. Johnson, D. Wiegmann","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2015.1026672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.1026672","url":null,"abstract":"Safety-related training policies restrict pilots from encountering challenging weather during flight training. This potentially inhibits the development of critical decision-making skills. To identify gaps in weather-related flight training, high-fidelity weather-simulation was developed to re-create historical weather events. Sixteen visual-only pilots and 16 instrument-rated pilots flew a simulated cross-country flight under visual flight rules in marginally visual weather that encountered instrument conditions. Procedural performance and experience-related demographic factors were analyzed to identify key flight skills and experience that contributed to safe weather-related decisions. Previous experience with actual instrument weather was found to be the only statistically significant demographic predictor of safe performance. Pilots who performed more safely were more likely to use in-cockpit weather information during the flight to detect and avoid instrument weather. Implications of this study and opportunities for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"63 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2015.1026672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Fatigue on Air Traffic Controllers","authors":"Megan A. Nealley, V. Gawron","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2015.981488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.981488","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue has been on the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) “most wanted list” since 1990 and remains a topic of active investigation. The focus of this article is summarizing the effect of fatigue on air traffic controllers. A literature search was conducted using multiple terms directly and indirectly associated with fatigue as part of an effort to identify the gaps in research on fatigue and performance in air traffic control. Additionally, direct outreach was conducted to identify current research that would not yet be reflected in the literature. This article describes the approach used, discusses the identified research, and synthesizes the body of knowledge on air traffic controller fatigue. This can be used to guide future research as well as develop fatigue risk management systems for air traffic controllers.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"14 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2015.981488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59698124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Meland, V. Fonne, A. Wagstaff, A. Pensgaard
{"title":"Mindfulness-Based Mental Training in a High-Performance Combat Aviation Population: A One-Year Intervention Study and Two-Year Follow-Up","authors":"Anders Meland, V. Fonne, A. Wagstaff, A. Pensgaard","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2015.995572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.995572","url":null,"abstract":"This study tested the feasibility and value of mindfulness training (MT) in a Norwegian military combat aircraft squadron (n = 21). No objective measures of performance were included in this study. Subjective measures of mindfulness, mental skills, and performance-related anxiety were administered before and after the intervention, including a semistructured interview at the study’s conclusion after the intervention. Qualitative feedback and measures of mindfulness were collected via e-mail at 12 and 24 months during follow-up. During posttraining, there was a reduction in somatic anxiety related to performance and improvements in self-perceived skills associated with mindfulness, attention regulation, and arousal regulation. Mindfulness scores remained higher throughout the follow-up. Time-consuming plenary sessions and the amount of recommended, out-of-class training were found to be potential drawbacks of MT. Overall the findings indicate that MT might be a viable complement to existing mental training for high-performance populations.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"48 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2015.995572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59698134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictive Validity of UAS/RPA Sensor Operator Training Qualification Measures","authors":"T. Carretta, Mark R. Rose, Laura G. Barron","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2015.981487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2015.981487","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. Air Force sensor operators (SOs) are enlisted aviators who work side-by-side with unmanned aerial systems/remotely piloted aircraft (UAS/RPA) pilots, providing assistance with all aspects of aircraft employment and sensor management. SO training qualification includes medical, citizenship, and security standards and aptitude requirements. The current study examined the validity of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) for predicting grades of students in three SO courses. The ASVAB composites used for SO training qualification (General and Electronics) demonstrated good predictive validity for all three courses (corrected for range restriction and criterion unreliability): Basic Sensor Operator Course, n = 461, r = .541 and .535; MQ-1 Initial Qualification/Requalification Training, n = 430, r = .583 and .553; MQ-9 Initial Qualification/Requalification Training, n = 249, r = .357 and .334). Although current selection methods are effective, based on results of UAS/RPA job/task analyses, the Air Force is examining the utility of other measures to supplement the ASVAB.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"13 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2015.981487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59698038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Duration of Automation Bias in a Realistic Setting","authors":"R. D. de Boer, Wijnand J. H. Heems, K. Hurts","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2014.949205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2014.949205","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas in most studies conducted previously the effect of automation bias has been investigated in terms of an instantaneous decision, this study is aimed at quantifying its duration. Automation bias is modeled as a stochastic process using a unimodal log-log probability distribution. To validate the model, an experiment using an Airbus A320 fixed-base flight simulator with a malfunction on the auto-throttle was executed with 35 licensed pilots. The effect of pilot experience is investigated; results show that less experienced pilots are on average less sensitive to automation bias but have more variation in performance than more experienced pilots.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"287 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2014.949205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the Effectiveness of Pre-Flight Cabin Safety Announcements in Commercial Aviation","authors":"B. Molesworth","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2014.949511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2014.949511","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to test 3 different pre-flight safety videos (no humor, with humor, and use of a celebrity) in terms of their memorability for the key safety messages. A secondary aim was to test changes in participants’ mood as a result of being exposed to different safety videos. Sixty-one participants completed the study and were tested at 2 different intervals for recall of key safety messages (postvideo exposure and 2-hr follow-up), and at 3 different intervals for their mood (pre-exposure to video, postvideo, and 2-hr follow-up). The use of a celebrity or humor in the pre-flight safety video proved effective in terms of memory for key safety messages, and the video containing humor was the only video to positively influence individuals’ mood.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"300 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2014.949511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Procedures for Dual and Triple Closely Spaced Parallel Runways","authors":"S. Verma, T. Kozon, D. Ballinger","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2014.949519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2014.949519","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comparative analysis of 2 experiments on procedures to increase the capacity of closely spaced parallel runways under low-visibility conditions. The common goal for both studies was to achieve visual meteorological capacity under instrument meteorological conditions, when landing aircraft on parallel runways 750 ft apart. Using a high-fidelity flight deck simulator, both studies investigated procedures related to breakout maneuvers on final approach during off-nominal conditions. The first study investigated procedures for 2 parallel runways (involving a leading and trailing aircraft) and the second study examined 3 parallel runways separated by 750 ft, investigating procedures for 3 simultaneously arriving aircraft (leading, center, and right aircraft). In both studies, off-nominal events were introduced during the approach. In some cases the wake of the leading aircraft drifted too close to the aircraft behind. In others, the leading aircraft deviated off its course and blundered toward the trailing aircraft. Statistical analysis examined the effects of approach echelon (2-runway vs. 3-runway), breakout cause, and breakout location on the dependent measures of breakout trajectory cross-track error, breakout trajectory track angle error, pilot workload, and pilot situation awareness. Although revealing differences between the study conditions, results also show accurate cross-track and track angle error levels (i.e., high levels of breakout trajectory accuracy), manageable pilot workload, and high levels of pilot situation awareness across all conditions in both studies. Results suggest possible avenues of future adaptation of dual and triple parallel runway operations (e.g., improving pilot training) and also show potential promise of the concept.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"315 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2014.949519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey Methodology for Measuring Safety-Related Trends in the National Airspace System","authors":"M. Connors, R. Mauro, I. Statler","doi":"10.1080/10508414.2014.949202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2014.949202","url":null,"abstract":"Making informed judgments about the effects of technological, human, or environmental changes on civil aviation requires reliable information. The National Aviation Operational Monitoring Service (NAOMS), a research project under NASA’s Aviation Safety Program, developed and tested a survey methodology designed to provide statistically reliable information on changes over time in safety-related events in the national airspace. Such information would aid decision makers in determining what areas required attention. To evaluate the NAOMS concept, data from nearly 20,000 randomly selected air-carrier pilots were collected over 3 years. Results demonstrate that the NAOMS approach can reliably identify changes over time in the rates of safety-related events.","PeriodicalId":83071,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of aviation psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"265 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10508414.2014.949202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59697403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}