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Thermal Stresses in the Accessories of Heat Treatment Furnaces vs Cooling Kinetics 热处理炉附件的热应力与冷却动力学
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2019.127146
A. Bajwoluk, P. Gutowski
{"title":"Thermal Stresses in the Accessories of Heat Treatment Furnaces vs Cooling Kinetics","authors":"A. Bajwoluk, P. Gutowski","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127146","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on the course of the processes of heat treatment and thermo-chemical treatment, the technological equipment of heat treatment furnaces is exposed to different operating conditions, as the said processes differ among themselves in the temperature of annealing and atmosphere prevailing in the furnace chamber, in the duration of a single work cycle and in the type and temperature of the coolant. These differences affect the magnitude of stresses occurring in each cycle of the operation of furnace accessories, and thus play an important role in fatigue processes leading to the destruction of these accessories. The kinetics of temperature changes during each cooling process plays an important role in the formation of thermal stresses on the cross-section of the cooled parts. It depends on many factors, including the initial cooling temperature, the type and temperature of the cooling medium, or the dimensions and shape of the object. This article presents a numerical analysis of the effect of the initial temperature on the distribution of stresses on the cross-section of the grate ribs, generated in the first few seconds of the cooling process carried out in two cooling media, i.e. hardening oil and water. The analysis was carried out by the finite element method, based on the results of experimental testes of temperature changes in the rib during its cooling.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"577 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Microwave-Hardened Moulding Sands with Hydrated Sodium Silicate for Modified Ablation Casting 改性烧蚀铸造用水玻璃微波硬化型砂
IF 0.6
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/AFE.2019.127122
S. Puzio, J. Kamińska, K. Major-Gabryś, M. Angrecki, M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
{"title":"Microwave-Hardened Moulding Sands with Hydrated Sodium Silicate for Modified Ablation Casting","authors":"S. Puzio, J. Kamińska, K. Major-Gabryś, M. Angrecki, M. Hosadyna-Kondracka","doi":"10.24425/AFE.2019.127122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/AFE.2019.127122","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using moulds made from the environmentally friendly sands with hydrated sodium silicate in modified ablation casting. The ablation casting technology is primarily intended for castings with diversified wall thickness and complex shapes made in sand moulds. The article presents the effect of binder content and hardening time on the bending strength R gu of moulding sands with binders based on hydrated sodium silicate hardened by microwave technology. The aim of the research was to develop an optimal sand composition that would provide the strength necessary to make a mould capable of withstanding the modified ablation casting process. At the same time, the sand composition should guarantee the susceptibility of the mould to the destructive action of the ablation medium, which in this case is water. Tests have shown that microwave hardening provides satisfactory moulds’ strength properties even at a low binder content in the sand mixture.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68944710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Properties of Bentonites and Bentonite Mixtures used in Casting Processes 铸造用膨润土及膨润土混合物的性能
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2019.127113
S. Paź, D. Drożyński, M. Górny, S. Cukrowicz
{"title":"Properties of Bentonites and Bentonite Mixtures used in Casting Processes","authors":"S. Paź, D. Drożyński, M. Górny, S. Cukrowicz","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127113","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an assessment and comparison of the quality of selected bentonites and bentonite mixtures was made. The samples consisted of available foundry materials used for bonding green sands. Determining the homogeneity degree and specific surface area of the grains allowed us to compare the examined materials and determine their influence on other parameters. On the basis of a thermal analysis of the bentonites or bentonite mixtures, the changes occurring in the sample during its heating were determined. Determining the potential for ion exchange and montmorillonite content enabled us to assess the binding properties of the materials. The preparation of six green sands with different bentonites or bentonite mixtures gave us the opportunity to assess the changes in apparent density, permeability, compressive strength and friability as a function of humidity, and the impact of different materials on the mentioned parameters. Their charts were analyzed, and the molding sand with the addition of bentonite or a bentonite mixture was selected for which these parameters are favorable. On this basis, the best-presented binding material was assessed and selected.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"4 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Self-hardening of X46Cr13 Steel Integrated with Base from Grey Cast Iron in Bimetallic System 双金属体系中X46Cr13钢与灰口铸铁基体结合的自硬化
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2019.127112
N. Przyszlak, T. Wróbel
{"title":"Self-hardening of X46Cr13 Steel Integrated with Base from Grey Cast Iron in Bimetallic System","authors":"N. Przyszlak, T. Wróbel","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127112","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the technology of manufacturing layered castings, consisting of grey cast iron (base part) and high-chromium stainless steel (working part/layer). The aim of researches was an attempt of integration of heat treatment of steel X46Cr13 grade with founding of grey cast iron in bimetallic system and determination of the influence of cooling rate of bimetallic system in classical sand mould with bentonite on microstructure and hardness of the working layer. The castings were manufactured using mould cavity preparation method, where steel plate was poured by grey cast iron using different pouring temperature and thickness of base part. Then, the quality of joint between cast iron and steel plate was estimated by using ultrasonic non-destructive testing. The efficiency of heat treatment process was analysed by measurement of hardness and in metallographic examination. Conducted studies showed, that self-hardening’s ability of steel X46Cr13 let obtain technologically usable layered casting characterized by hardness of working surface up to 35 HRC.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"3 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Utilizing of the Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of the Properties of Green Sand Mould 利用统计分析方法评价绿砂模具的性能
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146664
{"title":"Utilizing of the Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of the Properties of Green Sand Mould","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146664","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical approach was conducted to investigate effect of independent factors of the mixing time compactability and bentonite percentage on dependent variables of permeability, compression and tensile strength of sand mould properties. Using statistical method save time in estimating the dependent variables that affect the moulding properties of green sand and the optimal levels of each factor that produce the desired results. The results yielded indicate that there are variations in the effects of these factors and their interactions on different properties of green sand. The outcomes obtained a range of permeability values, with the highest and lowest numbers being 125 and 84. The sand exhibited high values of tensile and compressive strength measuring at 0.33N/cm 2 and 17.67N/cm 2 . Conversely it demonstrated low levels of tensile and compressive strength reaching 0.14N/cm 2 and 9.32N/cm 2 . These results suggest that the moulding factors and their interactions have an important role in determining properties of the green sand. ANOVA was used to assess effect of various factors on different properties of the green sand. The results obtained suggest that compactability factor play a significant effect on permeability, the mixing time or bentonite factor has a significant effect on the compressive strength and mixing time or compactability factor has a significant impact on the tensile strength with a significance level lower than 5%. It is found that neither the mixing time nor the amount of bentonite used in the green sand mix has a significant impact on its permeability. Compactability of the green sand does not has a significant effect on the compressive strength. Bentonite used in green sand mix does not have a significant impact on its tensile strength.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"32 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Use of the XGBoost and Kriging Methods in the Prediction of the Microstructure of CGI Cast Iron XGBoost和Kriging方法在CGI铸铁组织预测中的应用
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146671
{"title":"The Use of the XGBoost and Kriging Methods in the Prediction of the Microstructure of CGI Cast Iron","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146671","url":null,"abstract":"Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI), is a unique casting material characterized by its graphite form and extensive matrix contact surface. This type of cast iron has a tendency towards direct ferritization and possesses a complex set of intriguing properties. The use of data mining methods in modern foundry material development facilitates the achievement of improved product quality parameters. When designing a new product, it is always necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of alloying elements on the microstructure and consequently on the properties of the analyzed material. Empirical studies allow for a qualitative assessment of the above-mentioned relationships","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"78 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovation technology for the production of massive slag ladles at the Krakodlew S.A. Foundry. Presentation of design works on research and development Krakodlew S.A.铸造厂生产大块渣包的创新技术。展示有关研究及发展的设计作品
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133349
{"title":"Innovation technology for the production of massive slag ladles at the Krakodlew S.A. Foundry. Presentation of design works on research and development","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133349","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a description of the progress of research and development in the area of massive large-scale castings - slag ladles implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of UST in Krakow. Slag ladles are the one of the major castings that has been developed by the Krakodlew (massive castings foundry) for many years. Quality requirements are constantly increasing in relation to the slag ladles. Slag ladles are an integral tool in the logistics of enterprises in the metallurgical industry in the process of well-organized slag management and other by-products and input materials. The need to increase the volume of slag ladles is still growing. Metallurgical production is expected to be achieved in Poland by 2022 at the level of 9.4 million Mg/year for the baseline scenario - 2016 - 9 million Mg/year. This article describes the research work carried out to date in the field of technology for the production of massive slag ladles of ductile cast iron and cast steel.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"47 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Sequential FEM-SPH Model of the Heating-Remelting-Cooling of Steel Samples in the Gleeble 3800 Thermo-Mechanical Simulator System Gleeble 3800热机械模拟系统中钢试样加热-重熔-冷却的顺序FEM-SPH模型
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133331
{"title":"A Sequential FEM-SPH Model of the Heating-Remelting-Cooling of Steel Samples in the Gleeble 3800 Thermo-Mechanical Simulator System","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133331","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a sequential model of the heating-remelting-cooling of steel samples based on the finite element method (FEM) and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The numerical implementation of the developed solution was completed as part of the original DEFFEM 3D package, being developed for over ten years, and is a dedicated tool to aid physical simulations performed with modern Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulators. Using the developed DEFFEM 3D software to aid physical simulations allows the number of costly tests to be minimized, and additional process information to be obtained, e","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"1993 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tribological Wear of as Cast Zn-4Al Alloy Cooled at Various Rates from the Eutectoid Transformation Temperature 铸态Zn-4Al合金从共晶转变温度开始以不同速率冷却的摩擦学磨损
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133356
{"title":"Tribological Wear of as Cast Zn-4Al Alloy Cooled at Various Rates from the Eutectoid Transformation Temperature","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133356","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results from a study on the impact of the cooling rate in the eutectoid transition on the abrasive wear of the as cast Zn-4Al alloy. The microstructure of the researched material consists of dendrites of the η solid solution and an ( α+η ) eutectic structure. During the eutectoid transformation at 275 o C the distribution in the eutectic structure was transformed and fined. Heat treatment was carried out for this alloy, during which three cooling mediums were used, i.e. water, air and an furnace. For the research material obtained in this way, metallographic examinations were performed using the methods of light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as hardness measurements. It was found that faster cooling rate promoted the fragmentation of structural components, which translates into higher hardness of the material. This also had effects in the tribological wear of the tested alloy. As part of the tests, an abrasive wear test was carried out on a standard T-07 tester","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"657 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of Cathodic Protection on Corrosion of Water-pipe Network in Kraków - Case Study 阴极保护对Kraków自来水管网腐蚀的影响——实例分析
Archives of Foundry Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.138666
{"title":"Effect of Cathodic Protection on Corrosion of Water-pipe Network in Kraków - Case Study","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2021.138666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2021.138666","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is a summary of a project aimed at identifying and eliminating or minimizing the causes of frequent failures of the Krakow water supply network related to corrosion damage. The paper presents the method of searching for factors responsible for frequent corrosion damage. There were taken into account several factors that may destroy the pipes associated with corrosion processes, such as the composition of the water, aggressiveness of ground, or stray currents. The monitoring method of the corrosion processes applied to observe the condition of the water supply network was discussed. The study showed that the main problem appeared to be stray currents related to the electrical infrastructure widely present in a large city, such as a tram or railway network. To eliminate this threat, a cathodic protection system has been implemented to prevent further failures. There were also demonstrated results of research proving that the applied solutions are effective","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"395 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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