C. Rapiejko, D. Mikusek, A. Andrzejczak, T. Pacyniak
{"title":"Effect of Inoculant Emgesal® Flux 5 on the Microstructure of Magnesium Alloy AZ91","authors":"C. Rapiejko, D. Mikusek, A. Andrzejczak, T. Pacyniak","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127109","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the results of the research of the effect of the inoculant Emgesal Flux 5 on the microstructure of the magnesium alloy AZ91. The concentration of the inoculant was increased in samples in the range from 0.1% to 0.6%. The thermal processes were examined with the use of Derivative and Thermal Analysis (DTA). During the examination, the DTA samplers were preheated up to 180 °C. A particular attention was paid to finding the optimum amount of inoculant, which would cause fragmentation of the microstructure. The concentration of each element was verified by means of a spark spectrometer. In addition, the microstructures of the samples were examined with the use of an optical microscope, and an image analysis with a statistical analysis using the NIS–Elements program were carried out. Those analyses aimed at examining the differences between the grain diameters of phase α Mg and eutectic α Mg +γ(Mg 17 Al 12 ) in the prepared samples as well as the average size of each type of grain by way of measuring their perimeters. This paper is an introduction to a further research of grain refinement in magnesium alloys, especially AZ91. Another purpose of this research is to achieve better microstructure fragmentation of magnesium alloys without the related changes of the chemical composition, which should improve the mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Mixing Efficiency and How it Affects the Properties of the New Green Sand Mixtures","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146666","url":null,"abstract":"The current trend in the preparation of green sand mixtures emphasizes the acceleration of the mixing process while maintaining the quality of the mixture. This requirement results in the necessity of determining the optimal conditions for mixing the mixture with a given mixer. This work aims to determine the optimal mixing conditions for the newly introduced eddy mixer LM-3e from the company Multiserw-Morek in the sand laboratory at the Department of Metallurgical Technologies, Faculty of Materials and Technology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava. The main monitored properties of mixtures will be green compressive strength and moisture of the mixture. The measured properties of the mixture mixed on the eddy mixer will be compared with the properties of the mixture mixed on the existing LM-2e wheel mixer. The result of the experiment confirmed that the eddy mixer is suitable for the preparation of a mixture of the same quality as the wheel mixer but with a significantly reduced mixing time","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"29 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Alloying Additives and Casting Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Bronzes","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146669","url":null,"abstract":"The studied silicon bronze (CuSi3Zn3Mn1) is characterised by good strength and corrosion resistance due to the alloying elements that are present in it (Si, Zn, Mn, Fe). This study analysed the casting process in green sand moulding, gravity die casting, and centrifugal casting with a horizontal axis of rotation. The influences of Ni and Zr alloying additives as well as the casting technology that was used were evaluated on the alloy’s microstructure and mechanical properties. The results of the conducted research are presented in the form of the influence of the technology (GS, GZ, GM) and the content of the introduced alloy additives on the mechanical parameters (UTS, A10, and Proof Stress, BHN). The analysis of the tests that were carried out made it possible to determine which of the studied casting technologies had the best mechanical properties. Microstructure of metal poured into metal mould was finer than that which was cast into moulding compound. Mechanical properties of castings made in moulding compound were lower than those that were cast into metal moulds. Increased nickel content affected the BHN parameter.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Adsorbed Al2O3 Inclusions on the Viscosity Behavior of Mould Slag","authors":"D. Kalisz, K. Kuglin","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127118","url":null,"abstract":"The role of slag in the process of continuous casting of steel (CCS) is reduced to the thermal and chemical insulation of the liquid steel surface, and additionally to refining. The ability to adsorb non-metallic inclusions flowing off from the crystallizer, mainly Al2O3, determines its physicochemical properties. As a result of adsorption and dissolution of inclusions tin he liquid layer the viscosity and thickness of mould flux change, which eventually affects the technological parameters and behavior of slag in the crystallizer. The influence of aluminum oxide on the viscosity of slag was empirically investigated with a structural viscosity model worked out by Nakamoto. The results of the simulation are presented in the form of plots. Authors observed a significant influence of Al2O3 on the slag viscosity, which suggests that this effect should be taken into account when selecting chemical composition of mould flux for definite types of steel. The results of calculations also show that the disturbances in casting caused by the use of the mould slag may be connected with the content of non-metallic inclusions in steel.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"12 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Modular Die for Fluidity Test and Monitoring of the Pressing Force Flow by Semi-solid Squeeze Casting of AlSi7Mg0.3","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133332","url":null,"abstract":"The fluidity is the term to determine the materials ability to fill the mold cavity properly. Fluidity is complex property with many variables. Up to this date, there is no methodology for defining the fluidity in a semisolid material state. Submitted paper deals with the proposal of a new method designed for aluminium alloy fluidity evaluation in semi-solid state trough the design of the layered construction die. Die will be primary used for fluidity tests of semi-solid squeeze casted aluminium alloy and to observe the pressing force flow by mentioned casting technology. The modularity consists of possibility to change each die segment. In the experiment the die design was evaluated by simulation in ProCAST 11.5 and by production of experimental castings. The die was made by laser cutting technology from construction steel S355JR. Experimental material was aluminium alloy AlSi7Mg0.3. The temperature of the semisolid state was chosen to achieve 35% of solid phase. The result of next study should be a selected parameters observation and their effect on the fluidity of aluminium alloy in semi-solid state. This will be very important step to determine the optimal conditions to achieve a castings with certain wall thickness produced by the method of semi-solid squeeze casting","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"560 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and Characteristics of Copper-Intermetallics Composites","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133325","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of research on the production and application of sintered copper matrix composite reinforced with titanium-copper intermetallic phases. Cu- Ti composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The starting materials for obtaining the sintered composites were commercial powders of copper and titanium. Experiments were carried out on specimens containing 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 % of titanium by weight. Finished powders mixtures containing appropriate quantities of titanium were subjected to single pressing with a hydraulic press at a compaction pressure of 620 MPa. Obtained samples were subjected to sintering process at 880 °C in an atmosphere of dissociated ammonia. The sintering time was 6 hours. The introduction of titanium into copper resulted in the formation of many particles containing intermetallic phases. The obtained sinters were subjected to hardness, density and electrical conductivity measurements. Observations of the microstructure on metallographic specimens made from the sintered compacts were also performed using a optical microscope. An analysis of the chemical composition (EDS) of the obtained composites was also performed using a scanning electron microscope. Microstructural investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that after 6 hours of sintering at 880 ° C intermetallic compounds: TiCu, TiCu 2 , TiCu 4 , Ti 2 Cu 3 , Ti 3 Cu 4 were formed. The hardness increased in comparison with a sample made of pure copper whereas density and electrical conductivity decreased. The aim of this work was to fabricate copper matrix composites reinforced with titanium particles containing copper- titanium intermetallic phases using powder metallurgy technology and determine the influence of the titanium particles on the properties of the sintered compacts and, finally, analyse the potentials application for friction materials or electric motors brushes.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"591 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asłanowicz, A. Ościłowski, B. Lipowska, J. Witek, Z. Robak, R. Muzyka, P. Kowalski, K. Wańczyk
{"title":"Ceramic-Carbon Filters for Molten Metal Alloys Filtration","authors":"M. Asłanowicz, A. Ościłowski, B. Lipowska, J. Witek, Z. Robak, R. Muzyka, P. Kowalski, K. Wańczyk","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127101","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014 we finished research works involved in the development of a technology for manufacturing innovative ceramic-carbon foam filters for molten metal alloys filtration, which were financed by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) from INNOTECH programme resources. A batch of the filters produced in this technology was tested in practice in domestic cast steel and cast iron foundries. The trials were successful and foundries declared their intention to purchase the newly-developed filters for the current production of casts. This provided an incentive for “Ferro-Term” Sp. z o.o. to start design works on the prototype line for a serial production of these filters. At the same time, in co-operation with a scientific consortium, including the co-authors of the technology, i.e. the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Institute for the Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze and Foundry Research Institute in Cracow, the company made a successful attempt to raise some funds for the necessary adaptation of the developed technology from the semi-technical to industrial scale from Intelligent Development Operational Programme. In the article we have presented information on the effects of works performed within the framework of the project entitled “Modernization and adaptation of the existing technological line for purposes related to technology verification and start-up of the production of innovative ceramic-carbon filters for molten metal alloy filtration”.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"600 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal Cleaning and Melting of Fine Aluminium Alloy Chips","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133353","url":null,"abstract":"Production waste is one of the major sources of aluminium for recycling. Depending on the waste sources, it can be directly melted in furnaces, pre-cleaned and then melted, or due to the small size of the material (powder or dust) left without remelting. The latter form of waste includes chips formed during mechanical cutting (sawing) of aluminium and its alloys. In this study, this type of chips (with the dimensions not exceeding 1 mm) were melted. The obtained results of laboratory tests have indicated that even chips of such small sizes pressed into cylindrical compacts can be remelted. The high recovery yield (up to 94 %) and degree of metal coalescence (up to 100 %) were achieved via thermal removal of impurities under controlled conditions of a gas atmosphere (argon or/and air), followed with consolidation of chips at a pressure of minimum 170 MPa and melting at 750 o C with NaCl-KCl-Na 3 AlF 6 salt flux.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"646 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact Strength of AE-type Alloys High Pressure Die Castings","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2020.133321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2020.133321","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the Charpy impact test of AE-type magnesium alloys produced by the high pressure die casting method are presented. Three alloys with different weight fractions of rare earth elements (RE; e.g. 1, 3 and 5 wt%) and the same mass fraction of aluminium (5 wt%) were prepared. The casts were fabricated using a typical cold chamber high pressure die casting machine with a 3.8 MN locking force. Microstructural analyses were performed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The impact strength (IS) was determined using a Charpy V hammer with an impact energy equal to 150 J. The microstructure of the experimental alloys consisted of an -Mg solid solution and Al11RE3, Al10Ce2Mn7 and Al2RE intermetallic compounds. The obtained results show the significant influence of the rare earth elements to aluminium ratio on the impact strength of the investigated materials. Lower the RE/Al ratio in the chemical composition of the alloy results in a higher impact strength of the material.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"761 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Process Parameters on Exudation Thickness in Continuous Unidirectional Solidification Tin Bronze Alloy","authors":"Jihui Luo, Fang He","doi":"10.24425/afe.2019.127123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2019.127123","url":null,"abstract":"The exudation layer seriously affects the properties and the surface finish of the tin bronze alloy. The effective control of the exudation thickness is important measure for improving the properties of the alloy. In order to study the influence of process parameters on the thickness of exudate layer, the tin bronze alloy was prepared by continuous unidirectional solidification technology at different process parameters. The microstructure of the continuous unidirectional solidification tin bronze alloy was analyzed. The effect of process parameters on microstructure and chemical compositions was studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that there exists an exudation layer on the surface of the continuous unidirectional solidification tin bronze alloy, and the exudation is mainly composed of a tin-rich precipitated phase. It indicates that the continuous casting speed is the main factor affecting the thickness of exudation layer, followed by mold temperature, melt temperature, cooling water temperature and cooling distance.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"1975 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}