Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"How much Tramadol should be considered lethal in overdose?","authors":"S. Marashi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2863","url":null,"abstract":"A 17-year-old female was admitted to our emergency room 30 min after suicidal ingestion of about 10 g Tramadol. The patient had several short-lived clonic seizures before admission. On arrival, she had an episode of tonic-clonic seizure, lasting for three minutes, which lead to cardiopulmonary arrest after administration of 10 mg diazepam intravenously. Endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted. After 30 min, normal sinus rhythm with a palpable pulse was noted, and the patient was put on mechanical ventilation and transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her vital signs were stable with vasopressor medication support (norepinephrine infusion at 10 μg min-1). She had repeated short-lived tonic-clonic seizure-like movements, which responded well to midazolam. Her past medical and family history was negative for seizure, heart diseases, and hereditary disorders. Repeated neurological examination indicated that the patient had no motor response to pain and had fixed dilated pupils without corneal and vestibuloocular reflexes. About 48 h after admission to the ICU, she experienced asystole, which did not respond to resuscitation. Tramadol HCl is a synthetic opioid drug that blocks reuptake of monoamine and inhibits NMDA glutamatergic activity, while it has low affinity for mu-opioid receptors (1). It has a low potential for abuse and is usually prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain (2). Tramadol is mainly metabolised by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and its active metabolites are responsible for complications, meaning that in a CYP2D6 rapid metaboliser patient excessive side effects may develop within a short time following its overdose (2, 3). It has been reported that the LD50 value for Tramadol is about 300-350 mg kg-1 body weight in animal models (4). However, reviewing the literature, we found that it is generally considered to be non–life threatening in humans, hence, co-ingestion of Tramadol and other agents such as analgesics, muscle relaxants, and CNS depressants is occasionally reported from toxicological samples of postmortem human specimens (2, 5). In fact, there are only a few case reports of human fatality due to Tramadol overdose alone (2). It has been suggested that CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metaboliser patients may develop fatal complications (5). As its overstated toxic manifestations and accordingly its fatality are prospected during the first hours, which is related to its metabolism (5), this time is crucial in patient's care. Moreover, in the emergency situation, we have no idea about the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 in patients with Tramadol overdose, which can be induced by other drugs. Therefore, as cardiopulmonary arrest can be a fatal complication (5), we strongly suggest that all patients with exaggerated signs or symptoms of toxicity who consumed more than 150 mg kg-1 (the half dose of LD50 values in animal models) of Tramadol (4), should be intubated prophylactic","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"57 8 1","pages":"259 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis of ALS and FTD: implications for translational studies / Molekularna osnova ALS-a i FTD-a: implikacije za translacijska istraživanja","authors":"R. Liscic","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2679","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by signs of deteriorating motor and cognitive functions, and short survival. The cause is unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. For ALS, there is only a drug Riluzole and a promising substance arimoclomol. The overlap between ALS and FTD occurs at clinical, genetic, and pathological levels. The majority of ALS cases are sporadic (SALS) and a subset of patients has an inherited form of the disease, familial ALS (FALS), with a common SOD1 mutation, also present in SALS. A few of the mutant genes identified in FALS have also been found in SALS. Recently, hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 gene were found to comprise the largest fraction of ALS- and FTD-causing mutations known to date. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), encoded by the TARDBP gene, has been identified as the pathological protein of FALS, SALS and, less frequently, FTD. The less frequent TDP-43 pathology in other forms of familial FTD has been linked to a range of mutations in GRN, FUS/TLS, rarely VCP, and other genes. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS have striking structural and functional similarities, most likely implicating altered RNA processing as a major event in ALS pathogenesis. The clinical overlap of the symptoms of FTD and ALS is complemented by overlapping neuropathology, with intracellular inclusions composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, TDP-43 and less frequently FUS, or unknown ubiquitinated proteins. Furthermore, new therapeutic approaches continue to emerge, by targeting SOD1, TDP-43 or GRN proteins. This review addresses new advances that are being made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of both diseases, which may eventually translate into new treatment options. Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) i frontotemporalna demencija (FTD) neurodegenerativni su poremećaji koji su povezani znakovima pogoršanja motoričkih i kognitivnih funkcija i kratkim vremenom preživljavanja. Uzrok je nepoznat i trenutačno ne postoji učinkovita terapija, tek lijek Riluzol i obećavajuća nova tvar arimoclomol za liječenje ALS-a. Preklapanje između ALS-a i FTD-a odvija se na kliničkoj, genetičkoj i patološkoj razini. Većina slučajeva ALS-a je sporadična (SALS), a podskupina bolesnika ima naslijeđeni oblik bolesti, obiteljski ALS (FALS), sa zajedničkom mutacijom SOD1, koja je prisutna i kod SALS-a. Nekoliko mutiranih gena koji su utvrđeni u FALS-u, pronađeni su i u SALS-u. Nedavno je utvrđeno da ponavljajući sljedovi heksanukleotida u genu C9orf72 sadrže najveću frakciju mutacija koje uzrokuju ALS i FTD, koja je poznata do danas. TAR DNA-povezujući protein 43 (TDP-43), koji kodira gen TARDBP, identificiran je kao patološki protein FALS-a, SALS-a i rjeđe FTD-a. Rjeđa TDP-43 patologija u drugim oblicima obiteljskoga FTD-a vezana je uz niz mutacija u GRN-u, FUS/TLS-u, rijetko VCP-u i drugim genima. TDP-43 i FUS/ TLS imaju velike strukturne i funkcion","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"9 1","pages":"285 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90726066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccessibility of lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia: a preliminary study / Biološka dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen otroškim peskovnikom v Sloveniji","authors":"Rok Fink, Andreja Kukec, Ivan Eržen","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2686","url":null,"abstract":"Slovene press has recently expressed concern for the health of children who ingest playground sand contaminated with lead. However, current assessments may be overestimating the health risk, as they assume that human body absorbs the whole amount of a contaminant. The aim of our study was to see how much lead in sand intended for playground sandboxes in Slovenia really is absorbed and what health risk it may present. To do that, we ran bioaccessibility tests to simulate metabolism and see how digestion affects lead levels. Our results show low bioaccessibility of lead from sand (0.01- 36.84 %). Taking into account lead bioaccessibility, we ran several scenarios of sand ingestion in children and established that in general the risk is negligible, except for pica behaviour with extremely high (20 g) ingestion of sand with highly mobilised lead (2.69 μg g-1). Further research should assess real-life exposure to lead from playground sand in children and perhaps update these preliminary bioaccessibility data. V zadnjem obdobju so se v Sloveniji pojavili številni pomisleki o varnosti mivke, ki je namenjena za otroške peskovnike. Ocena tveganja otrok, ki so izpostavljeni svincu temelji na predpostavki, da je celotna količina toksične kovine biološko dostopna. Zato je bil namen raziskave analizirati biološko dostopnost svinca v mivki, ki je namenjen za peskovnike otroških igrišč. Z simulacijo prebavnega trakta smo analizirali vpliv prebavnih sokov za izplavljanje svinca iz mivke. Rezultati kažejo na majhno biodostopnost svinca v mivki (0,01-36,84 %) slovenskih proizvajalcev. Na podlagi biološke dostopnosti smo simulirali različne scenarije vnosa in ugotovili, da je tveganje zanemarljivo, razen v primeru pica sindroma (zaužitje 20 g mivke) ter ob predpostavki največje dokazane biološke dostopnosti (2,69 μg g-1). Raziskave v prihodnosti bodo vključevale realno izpostavljenost otrok svincu iz peskovnikov in bodo morda nadgradile preliminarno raziskavo.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"90 1","pages":"309 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85953299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major royal jelly proteins as markers of authenticity and quality of honey / Glavni proteini matične mliječi kao markeri izvornosti i kakvoće meda","authors":"K. Bíliková, Tatiana Krištof Kraková, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2653","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, the properties of honey have been defined based exclusively on the content of plant components in the nectar of given plant. We showed that apalbumin1, the major royal jelly (RJ) protein, is an authentic and regular component of honey. Apalbumin1 and other RJ proteins and peptides are responsible for the immunostimulatory properties and antibiotic activity of honey. For the quantification of apalbumin1, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using polyclonal anti-apalbumin1 antibody. The method is suitable for honey authenticity determination; moreover it is useful for detection of the honey, honeybee pollen and RJ in products of medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, and food industry, where presences of these honeybee products are declared. Results from the analysis for presence and amount of apalbumin1 in honeys will be used for high-throughput screening of honey samples over the world. On the basis of our experiments which show that royal jelly proteins are regular and physiologically active components of honey we propose to change the definition of honey (according to the EU Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) as follows: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secretions of plants, or excretions of plant sucking insects, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with major royal jelly proteins and other specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. Do sada su svojstva meda bila definirana isključivo na temelju sadržaja komponenti nektara određene biljke. Mi smo pokazali da je apalbumin1, glavni protein matične mliječi, izvoran i uobičajeni sastojak meda. Apalbumin1, ostali proteini matične mliječi i peptidi odgovorni su za imunostimulatorna svojstva i antibiotsko djelovanje meda. Korištenjem poliklonalnog anti-apalbumin 1 protutijela osmišljen je imunoenzimski test (ELISA) za kvantifikaciju apalbumina 1. Metoda je ne samo prikladna za utvrđivanje izvornosti meda nego i korisna za detekciju meda, peluda i matične mliječi u medicinskim, farmaceutskim, kozmetičkim i prehrambenim proizvodima na kojima je naznačena prisutnost pčelinjih proizvoda. Rezultati analize prisutnosti i količine apalbumina 1 koristit će se za probir velike količine uzoraka meda diljem svijeta. Na temelju naših eksperimenata, koji pokazuju da su proteini matične mliječi uobičajene i fiziološki aktivne komponente meda, predlažemo izmjenu definicije meda (na temelju Direktive EU-a o medu 2001/110/EC): Med je prirodna slatka tvar koju pčele proizvode od nektara ili izlučevina biljaka ili izlučevina insekata koji sišu biljke. Nju pčele skupljaju, pretvaraju kombinacijom glavnih proteina matične mliječi i ostalih vlastitih specifičnih tvari, polažu, dehidriraju, pohranjuju i ostavljaju u saću da sazrije.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"90 1","pages":"259 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75904157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of acrylamide toxicity using a battery of standardised bioassays / Procjena toksičnosti akrilamida pomoću standardiziranih biotestova","authors":"Mira Zovko, Ž. Vidaković-Cifrek, Želimira Cvetković, J. Bošnir, Sandra Šikić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2715","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide is a monomer widely used as an intermediate in the production of organic chemicals, e.g. polyacrylamides (PAMs). Since PAMs are low cost chemicals with applications in various industries and waste- and drinking water treatment, a certain amount of non-polymerised acrylamide is expected to end up in waterways. PAMs are non-toxic but acrylamide induces neurotoxic effects in humans and genotoxic, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals. In order to evaluate the effect of acrylamide on freshwater organisms, bioassays were conducted on four species: algae Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, duckweed Lemna minor and water flea Daphnia magna according to ISO (International Organization for Standardisation) standardised methods. This approach ensures the evaluation of acrylamide toxicity on organisms with different levels of organisation and the comparability of results, and it examines the value of using a battery of low-cost standardised bioassays in the monitoring of pollution and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. These results showed that EC50 values were lower for Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata than for Daphnia magna and Lemna minor, which suggests an increased sensitivity of algae to acrylamide. According to the toxic unit approach, the values estimated by the Lemna minor and Daphnia magna bioassays, classify acrylamide as slightly toxic (TU=0-1; Class 1). The results obtained from algal bioassays (Desmodesmus subspicatus and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) revealed the toxic effect of acrylamide (TU=1-10; Class 2) on these organisms. Akrilamid je monomer koji se koristi kao intermedijer u proizvodnji organskih kemikalija, npr. poliakrilamida (PAM-a). PAM se primjenjuje u različitim industrijama te u obradi otpadnih voda i tretmanu vode za piće, a prihvatljiv je i zbog niske cijene. Široka upotreba PAM-a u spomenute svrhe predstavlja rizik od toga da određena količina nepolimeriziranog akrilamida dospije u vodene ekosustave. PAM je netoksičan, ali akrilamid ima neurotoksične učinke u ljudi te je također dokazana njegova genotoksičnost, kancerogenost i štetan utjecaj na reprodukcijski sustav u laboratorijskih životinja. U cilju procjene toksičnosti akrilamida provedeni su biotestovi na četirima vrstama slatkovodnih organizama: na zelenim algama Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, vodenoj leći Lemna minor i vodenbuhi Daphnia magna. Biotestovi su provedeni prema standardiziranim ISO metodama, što osigurava procjenu toksičnosti akrilamida na organizme različitog stupnja organizacije, usporedivost rezultata i procjenu pogodnosti korištenja niza standardiziranih biotestova prihvatljive cijene za praćenje zagađenja i onečišćenja vodnih ekosustava. Rezultati su pokazali da su EC50 vrijednosti niže nakon izlaganja zelenih algi Desmodesmus subspicatus i Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata akrilamidu u odnosu na vrijednosti dobivene za vodenu leću Lemn","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"66 1","pages":"315 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80943727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation of in vitro to in vivo pyridinium oxime potential in tabun poisoning / Translacija učinkovitosti piridinijevih oksima kod trovanja tabunom iz in vitro sustava u in vivo primjenu","authors":"Maja Katalinić, Nikolina Maček Hrvat, Jana Žďárová Karasová, Jan Misik, Zrinka Kovarik","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2740","url":null,"abstract":"Even if organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents were banned entirely, their presence would remain a problem as weapons of terror (like in Syria). Oxime antidotes currently used in medical practice still fall short of their therapeutic purpose, as they fail to fully restore the activity of cholinesterases, the main target for OPs. As orphan drugs, these antidotes are tested too seldom for anybody’s benefit. Over the last few decades, search for improved reactivators has reached new levels, but the translation of data obtained in vitro to in vivo application is still a problem that hinders efficient therapy. In this study, we tested the strengths and weaknesses of extrapolating pyridinium oxime antidotes reactivation efficiency from in vitro to in vivo application. Our results show that this extrapolation is possible with well-determined kinetic constants, but that it also largely depends on oxime circulation time and its tissue-specific distribution. This suggests that pharmacokinetic studies should be planned at the early stages of antidote development. Special attention should also be given to improving oxime distribution throughout the organism to overcome this major constraint in improving overall OP therapy. Iako su organofosforni živčani bojni otrovi potpuno zabranjeni za upotrebu, njihova je prisutnost i dalje velik problem, posebice kao kemijsko oružje u terorističkim napadima (poput nedavnih u Siriji). Oksimi koji se danas koriste kao protuotrovi u tretmanu nemaju dostatno djelovanje na reaktivaciju aktivnosti kolinesteraza, glavnih meta djelovanja organofosfornih spojeva. Valja napomenuti kako se klinička testiranja ovih protuotrova rijetko provode zbog svoje iznimne specifičnosti. Tijekom zadnjih desetljeća učinjen je napredak u istraživanju novih učinkovitijih protuotrova, međutim još je uvijek veliki nedostatak u poboljšavanju terapije translacija in vitro dobivenih rezultata u in vivo primjenu. Ovom studijom ispitali smo mogućnosti ekstrapolacije reaktivacijske učinkovitosti određene za oksimske protuotrove iz in vitro u in vivo sustav. Naši rezultati pokazuju kako je ova translacija moguća uz detaljno određene kinetičke parametre in vitro i uz poznavanje distribucije oksima i vremena cirkulacije u organizmu. Takav rezultat ističe važnost planiranja i farmakokinetičkih istraživanja već u samom početku razvoja protuotrova. Također, poseban naglasak u istraživanju trebalo bi staviti i na poboljšanje tkivo-specifične distribucije oksima u organizmu čime bi se poboljšala cjelokupna terapijska učinkovitost.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":"291 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79245645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern analytical techniques in the assessment of the authenticity of Serbian honey / Moderne analitičke tehnike u procjeni izvornosti meda iz Srbije","authors":"Dušanka Milojković Opsenica, D. Lušić, Ž. Tešić","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2721","url":null,"abstract":"Food authenticity in a broader sense means fulfilling chemical and physical criteria prescribed by the proposed legislation. In the case of honey authenticity, two aspects are of major concern: the manufacturing process and the labelling of final products in terms of their geographical and botanical origin. A reliable assessment of honey authenticity has been a longterm preoccupation of chemists-analysts and it usually involves the use of several criteria and chemical markers, as well as a combination of analytical and statistical (chemometric) methods. This paper provides an overview of different criteria and modern methods for the assessment of honey authenticity in the case of a statistically significant number of authentic honey samples of several botanical types from various regions of Serbia. Izvornost hrane u širem smislu znači udovoljavanje kemijskim i fizikalnim kriterijima koji su propisani zakonodavstvom. U pogledu izvornosti meda, dva su ključna aspekta: proizvodni proces i označavanje proizvoda u smislu zemljopisnog i botaničkog podrijetla. Pouzdana procjena izvornosti meda, koja uobičajeno uključuje korištenje nekoliko kriterija i kemijskih markera te kombinaciju analitičkih i statističkih (kemometrijskih) metoda, već dugo vremena zaokuplja pozornost kemijskih analitičara. Ovaj rad pruža uvid u različite kriterije i moderne metode za procjenu izvornosti meda koristeći se slučajem statistički značajnog broja uzoraka izvornog meda nekoliko botaničkih tipova iz različitih regija u Srbiji.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"233 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89338892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia / Sadržaj minerala u uzorcima pčelinjega peluda iz Srbije","authors":"A. Kostić, M. Pešić, Mirjana D. Mosić, B. Dojčinović, M. Natić, J. Trifković","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2630","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we analysed mineral composition of bee pollen of different plant origin collected across Serbia using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The most abundant elements were potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The samples were also exceptionally rich in iron and zinc, which are very important as nutrients. Judging by our findings, mineral composition of bee pollen much more depends on the type of pollen-producing plant than on its geographical origin. U ovom radu analiziran je mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda različitoga biljnoga podrijetla prikupljenoga diljem Srbije primjenom inducirano spregnute plazme - optičke emisijske spektroskopije. Najzastupljeniji elementi su kalij, kalcij i magnezij. Uzorci su također iznimno bogati željezom i cinkom, što povećava njihovu nutritivnu vrijednost. Prema našim saznanjima, mineralni sastav pčelinjega peluda puno više ovisi o vrsti biljaka koje proizvode pelud nego o njegovu zemljopisnom podrijetlu.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"251 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81355813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A suggestion for royal jelly specifications / Prijedlog globalnih standarda za matičnu mliječ","authors":"D. Kanelis, C. Tananaki, Vasilis Liolios, M. Dimou, G. Goras, M. Rodopoulou, Emmanuel Karazafiris, A. Thrasyvoulou","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2651","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes guidelines for quality standards of royal jelly. The proposals are based on two sets of data; the first from our study of the factors that may affect the royal jelly’s chemical composition (protein and sugar supplementation of beehives) and the second on the analysis of a great number of samples from across Greece to establish natural variability of this product. We compared our findings with the adopted national limits, the proposals of the working group of the International Honey Commission (IHC), and the draft proposal of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO). The studied parameters included moisture, total proteins, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars), and 10-hydroxy- 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Our results indicate that the limits for royal jelly in some countries should be amended and the proposals of the IHC and the ISO reviewed in view of recent data on variability. We believe that our proposals could be considered for setting global standards for royal jelly, as they incorporate national legislations, proposals of scientific groups, experimental data, and updated information. U ovome se članku predlažu međunarodne smjernice za kakvoću matične mliječi. U prvom dijelu istraživanja analizirali smo koliko dohrana bjelančevinama i šećerima utječe na kemijski sastav matične mliječi, a u drugom smo analizirali velik broj uzoraka matične mliječi prikupljene iz cijele Grčke kako bismo ustanovili prirodnu varijabilnost ovog proizvoda. Svoje smo rezultate usporedili s usvojenim standardima različitih država, prijedlogom standarda Međunarodne komisije za med (International Honey Commission - IHC) te nacrtom prijedloga Međunarodne organizacije za normizaciju (International Organization of Standardization - ISO). Analizom su obuhvaćeni sljedeći parametri: vlažnost, ukupne bjelančevine, šećeri (fruktoza, glukoza, saharoza) te 10-hidroksi-2-decenska kiselina (10-HDA). Naši rezultati upućuju na to da neke zemlje trebaju izmijeniti i dopuniti svoje standarde, a IHC i ISO trebaju ponovo razmotriti svoje prijedloge u svjetlu najnovijih podataka o prirodnoj varijabilnosti matične mliječi. Smatramo da bi naš prijedlog mogao poslužiti za utvrđivanje međunarodnih standarda za matičnu mliječ s obzirom na to da obuhvaća podatke iz zakona i propisa pojedinih država, prijedloge znanstvenih i stručnih skupina, podatke iz istraživanja te najnovije informacije iz literature.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"275 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74390780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorinated compounds in the muscle tissue of fish from the Croatian Adriatic: preliminary data on contamination and the associated health risks / Klorirani spojevi u mišićnom tkivu riba iz istočnog Jadranskog mora: preliminarni podaci o zagađenosti i zdravstvenim rizicima","authors":"Z. Kljaković-Gašpić, S. Herceg Romanić, Darija Klinčić, V. Tičina","doi":"10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2667","url":null,"abstract":"Levels of 17 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in the muscle tissue of 18 commercially important fish species from the eastern Adriatic Sea. PCBs [<LOD-8,866 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw)] accounted for over 66 % of all analysed compounds. Their pattern was dominated by PCB-138 and PCB-153. DDE (14.2-649 ng g-1 lw) was the prevalent DDT isomer in all samples, suggesting no recent DDT input. β-, γ- and α-HCH and HCB were found in less than 50 % of samples. The analysed organic contaminants did not seem to bioaccumulate up the food web (trophic levels 3.0 to 4.5). Our findings show no risk of chronic (non-cancerous) effects on human health Maseni udjeli 17 poliklorbifenila (PCB) i 7 organoklorovih pesticida (OCP) izmjereni su u mišićnom tkivu 18 komercijalno važnih ribljih vrsta iz istočnog Jadranskog mora. Maseni udjeli PCB-a (<LOD do 8.866 ng g-1 masti) činili su više od 66 % svih analiziranih spojeva. U njihovu profilu PCB-138 i PCB-153 dominantni su kongeneri. DDE (14,2-649 ng g-1 masti), glavni izomer DDT-a, jedini je detektiran u svim uzorcima. U manje od 50 % analiziranih uzoraka nađeni su β-, γ- i α-HCH te HCB. U rasponu trofičkih razina analiziranih vrsta (3,0-4,5) nije bilo bioakumulacije organskih zagađivala u hranidbenom lancu. Rezultati procjene rizika za ljudsko zdravlje pokazali su da nema rizika od kroničnih (nekancerogenih) utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje.","PeriodicalId":8292,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology","volume":"77 1","pages":"299 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77440452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}